Kwanan nan, ana samun ƙaramin bishiyar apple mai yawa a cikin wuraren lambun ƙasarmu. Suna jawo hankalin lambu tare da kamfani da kuma yawan aiki, wanda aka samu saboda saurin haɓakar bishiyoyi matasa da kyakkyawan tsarin tushen. An yanyanka dabbobin bishiyoyin apple dwarf a cikin gandun daji na musamman, inda ake samun su ta amfani da dwarf rootstock.
Amfanin bishiyar apple mai yawa
Apple bishiyoyin a kan tushen dwarf suna da fa'idodi masu yawa idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan tsayi:
- fara kai 'ya'yan itace da wuri;
- yi babban aiki;
- saboda gajarta tazara, babban sashi na abubuwan gina jiki ana karkatar da su ne ga samuwar 'ya'yan itaciya, kuma ba ga ci gaban akwati da rassan ba;
- ba a amfani da ƙarin kayan haɗi don girbi, wanda ke taimakawa ci gaba da gabatarwa mai kyau;
- Sakamakon wurin tushen tsarin, ana iya dasa nau'ikan dwarf har ma a wuraren da ke da ruwan karkashin ruwa.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar shahararrun nau'ikan bishiyoyin apple dwarf a tsakanin lambu na Rasha.
Yadda za a bambance bishiyoyi apple mai ban sha'awa daga columnar?
Mafi yawan lokuta bishiyoyin apple mai ban sha'awa sun rikita su tare da wadanda ke columnar. Amma waɗannan nau'ikan itacen 'ya'yan itace ne gaba ɗaya. Dwarf apple itace mai tsayi itace da ke da kambi mai shimfiɗa, har zuwa 3 m a diamita.
Babban fasalin halayyar bishiyoyin apple columnar shine cewa wannan clone yana da kambi wanda ya kunshi gangar jikin guda ɗaya, tare da rassa a kaikaice. A waje, irin wannan itacen apple yana kama da shafi da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka kewaye da su, kamar itacen biredi na teku.
Domin kada ya rikitar da dwarf da columnar apple seedlings lokacin da sayen, kuna buƙatar kula da akwati da tushe. Gangar jikin itacen apple mai dwarf yana da rassa wadanda basa cikin columnar. Tushen itacen apple mai dwarf yana da zazzagewa, kuma tsawanta da kuma jurewa suna nuna kyawawan tsaran seedlings. A cikin itacen apple columnar, tushen yana da tsarin tushen.
Shahararrun irin bishiyoyin apple dwarf
Da ke ƙasa akwai bayanin da hotunan nau'ikan bishiyoyin apple dwarf, waɗanda suka shahara tare da Russianan lambu na Rasha.
Itacen apple Melba
Girbi lokacin rani na asalin Kanada. Mahimmin fasali:
- tsayin itace baya wuce 3 m;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa masu matsakaici, masu nauyin 150-250 g, zagaye-elongated, bawo na launin kore mai haske tare da jan launi;
- jiki ne dusar ƙanƙara-fari, mai taushi, mai laushi, tare da dandano mai caramel;
- eningan itace na faruwa a watan Yuli - Agusta;
- yawan aiki shine 40 kilogiram a kowane itace;
- 'ya'yan itacen suna kiyaye su sosai tsawon watanni 3;
- jure sanyi da cuta shine matsakaici;
- mafi kyawun pollinator don iri shine Borovinka da Suslepskoe.
Apple itacen da Abin mamaki
Marigayi lokacin bazara mai yawan gaske wanda ake iya samar da iri wanda za'a iya girma a duk kasar Rasha. Mahimmin fasali:
- tsayin itace 2.8-3 m, tare da ƙaramin kara;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne matsakaici, masu nauyin 120-150 g, keɓaɓɓen, ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano ya zama launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan duhu mai duhu;
- kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne m, mai dadi kuma mai tsami, yana da kyakkyawan tsari-grained;
- eningan itace na faruwa a watan Agusta - Satumba;
- yawan aiki - kimanin kilogram 75 a kowane itace;
- adana 'ya'yan itace mai kyau tsawon watanni 2;
- itatuwa suna da babban juriya ga sanyi da scab;
- Chudnoye apple itacen itace mafi kyawun pollinator ga sauran nau'in dwarf. Kuma a gare ta, mafi kyawun pollinator shine Anis Sverdlovsky.
Itace Apple Zhigulevskoe
Autumn high-samar da gwaggwabar riba. Mahimmin fasali:
- tsayin itace shine 2-3 m;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu yawa, masu nauyin 150-300 g, zagaye, haske-orange;
- jiki mai kauri ne, mai taushi, mai launin fata, mai daɗi da tsami;
- Lokacin narkarda: Satumba - Oktoba;
- yawan aiki - har zuwa kilogram 120 a kowace bishiya;
- an adana 'ya'yan itatuwa da kyau na tsawon watanni 6;
- iri-iri yana da kyakkyawar juriya ga kwari da cututtuka;
- mafi kyawun pollinators - Wellsie, Autumn Striped.
Siffar Saukowa
Dangane da shawarwarin da gogaggen lambu, dasa shuki bishiyoyi akan dwarf rootstock mafi kyau yi a kaka. A lokacin hunturu, tsarin tushen zai sami ƙarfi, saboda haka a lokacin bazara bishiyoyi za su fara girma da haɓaka. Hakanan zaka iya dasa shuki a bazara. Amma a wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar samun lokaci don shuka kafin a buɗe furannin, in ba haka ba itatuwan za su bushe.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana shuka bishiyoyi masu shekaru daya da biyu. Shuka bishiyoyin apple dwarf sun haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
- An shirya rami rami, tare da fadi da zurfin cm 50. Lokacin tono rami, an shimfiɗa saman ƙasa a gefen dama, kuma ƙananan ƙasa yana gefen hagu.
- An sanya pail 1 na humus, taki ma'adinai, nitrophoska da wani ɓangare na ƙasa ƙasa na sama an sanya su a cikin rami. Duk waɗannan abubuwan an haɗa su a hankali. Idan ƙasa ta kasance mai nauyi da nauyi, to, an ƙara ƙarin yashi.
- Tushen bishiyoyin suna daidaita sosai, itaciyar an daidaita shi a cikin rami kuma an fara rufe shi da saman ƙasa na sama, sannan ƙananan.
- A ƙasa dan kadan compused. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar tana da zurfi wanda ya sa rigakafin yana nesa nesa daga cm 5 cm daga ƙasa.
- An yi rijiyoyin a kusa da akwati kuma ana shayar da seedling.
- Sassan akwati yana mulched da ƙasa ko humus.
Idan akwai yiwuwar iska mai ƙarfi, to, ana bada shawarar a haɗa seedling zuwa goyan baya.
Dwarf Tushen Apple Care
Yadda yakamata kula da bishiyoyin apple dwarf sun hada da:
- ruwa;
- babban miya;
- pruning.
A lokacin rani, bishiyoyin apple akan dwarf Ana shayar da jari sau ɗaya kowace kwana 7, a cikin kudi na lita 10 na ruwa ga kowane itace. Bayan ruwa, dole ne a saki ƙasa.
Ana yin suturar miya babba sau 2 lokacin bazara. Don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da taki na kaza, wanda aka narkar da shi da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:20, ko dabbar saniya a cikin rabo na 1:10.
A cikin shekarar farko, ya zama tilas a datsa don samar da kasan kambi. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana yin girki na yau da kullun ne kawai.
Yadda za a samar da itacen apple?
An bada shawara don samar da kambi shekara 1 bayan dasa, a cikin kaka ko bazara, amma kafin girma na rassan. Yadda za a samar da itacen apple? Don yin wannan, yanke saman sa tare da keɓaɓɓun a tsayin 40-60 cm daga ƙasa kuma ku kula da yanke tare da gonar var.
Kamar kowane itace, rassan bishiyun apple dwarf suna haɓaka ba tare da wata ma'ana ba. Kuma rassa masu ƙarfi, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana hana ci gaba da rassa mai rauni. Sabili da haka, lokacin ƙirƙirar kambi, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa rassan ƙaƙƙarfan tushe suna ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma masu rauni a saman. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar datsa manyan rassa masu tsayi.
Don ƙara diamita na kambi, lokacin da pruning, matasa rassan ya kamata a directed a waje. A wannan yanayin, itaciyar za ta yi girma a dunƙule, kuma rassanta ba za su yi sag.
A lokacin haihuwar 'ya'yan itace, ci gaban rassan yana raunana sosai, kuma sun fara cika su. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a datsa da karfi sosai domin itacen apple ya kasance mai ƙarfi da saurayi, kuma 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su raguwa da girma.
Karkashin dukkan waɗannan shawarwarin, itaciyar koyaushe zata sami kyakkyawan bayyanar, kuma ta kawo girbi mai kyau.
