Sobo

Zobo (Rumex) itace tsirrai ko ganya ce wacce take shekara-shekara ko tazaranci, memba ne na dangin Buckwheat. A cikin wannan dabi'ar, sunan Rasha ya fito ne daga yaren Pre-Slavic, yayin da yake da tushe iri ɗaya tare da kalmar "miyan kabeji". A gida, ana kiran wannan al'ada m, m, m, m, m, m, m. Ana iya samun wakilan wannan nau'in halittu a nahiyoyi daban-daban inda aƙalla akwai wasu tsire-tsire, amma babban filin wannan al'adar yana rufe wurare masu ƙarfi na Arewacin Hemisphere, sune: gandun daji, gangararen kwari, bakin rafuffuka, tafkuna, koguna da makiyaya. Wani zobo yana tsiro kamar ciyawa mai shishigi kusa da gidan mutum, alhali ba shi da ma'anar ƙasan ƙasa. Wannan nau'in halittar ya haɗu fiye da jinsin 150, duk da haka, mafi shahararrun jinsunan sune m ko sihiri.

Siffofin Sorrel

Zobo wata itaciya ce mai tsiro mai tsiro tare da kafaffun, gajere, gajere. Karamin madaidaiciya karar yana da tsayin mitoci, yayin da yake a gindi ana fentin cikin shuɗi mai duhu. A saman kara akwai kararrawa mai tsoratarwa. Dukkanin farantin ganye na acid na daɗewa kuma suna da tsawon 15 zuwa 20 santimita. Siffar ginin mai kaifin baka ne, yayin da ake magana kan jijiyar tsakiya. Kusan lalataccen kwano, fararen filayen itace a kai a kai suna da siffofin da ba za'a iya wucewa ba da tushe mai fasalin kibiya. Polorescences na silima da yawa na polygamous ya ƙunshi ruwan hoda ko furanni masu launin shuɗi. Furanni na mace da namiji sun bambanta cikin tsari. Ana lura da yawo a cikin watan Yuni da Yuli. 'Ya'yan itace' yar itace ce mai santsi, mai laushi mai launin shuɗi-baki, sun kai 1.7 cm a tsayi kuma suna da haƙarƙari da fuskoki masu kyau.

Aikin waje na zobo

Bude shuka

A wuri guda, ana iya yin amfani da zobo har tsawon shekaru 3-4, amma idan ba a yi aikin dasawa akan lokaci ba, wannan zai cutar da inganci da yawan tsirar wannan shuka. Don shuka, muna zaɓar wuraren da ciyawar ciyawa ba tare da ciyawa ba, tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki, yayin da ragowar ruwa bai kamata a lura dasu ba. Abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa a cikin yankin ya kamata ya zama mai zurfin isa (aƙalla 100 cm). Zobo mafi girma a cikin yankuna da loam acidic loam ko yashi loam, waɗanda suke cike da humus. Hakanan ƙasa mai kyau sosai tana dacewa da haɓaka irin wannan amfanin gona.

Ya kamata a shirya wurin saukowa a cikin kaka, saboda wannan dalili ana haƙa shi zuwa zurfin shebur, yayin da 20-30 na potassium chloride, kilo 6 na takin ko humus da 30-40 na grapho na superphosphate ta 1 murabba'in 1 ana gabatar dashi cikin ƙasa . A farkon lokacin bazara, ana buƙatar saka urea a cikin ƙasa (gram 20 a kowace muraba'in mita 1 na ƙasa), ana amfani da rake don wannan. Za a iya yin shuka wannan al'adar sau uku a lokacin kakar, watau, a farkon lokacin bazara, a lokacin rani da kuma damuna kafin hunturu.

A cikin bazara, zobo ya kamata a shuka shi nan da nan bayan narkar da ƙasa, kuma yana yiwuwa a girbi amfanin farko na wannan shekara. A lokacin rani, shuka iri yakamata a ɗauka a watan Yuni-Yuli lokacin da girbi na letas, radish da kore albasa za a aiwatar. 'Ya'yan itacen da ke bayyana bayan shuka lokacin rani zasu sami ƙarfi kafin a fara yin sanyi, kuma tare da fara bazuwa mai zuwa wanda zai kawo girbi mai yawa. Wannan al'ada an shuka shi kafin hunturu a watan Oktoba ko Nuwamba. Shuke-shuke da ke fitowa a cikin kakar mai zuwa za su ba da lokacin bazara.

Mafi sau da yawa, lambu suna shuka zobo a cikin bazara, gaskiyar ita ce a wannan lokacin akwai danshi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa, yayin da harbe suka bayyana kuma suka girma tare. Bushes wanda ya bayyana bayan shuka rani yana buƙatar shayar da tsari. Lokacin da shuka tsaba a cikin hunturu, sau da yawa seedlings suna bayyana ba da daɗewa ba kafin farkon sanyi, a ƙarshen sun mutu. Don shuka zobo, ana amfani da gadaje waɗanda suka kai nisa na 100 cm da tsawo na cm cm 12. Dole ne a yi layi a duk tsawon, yayin da nisa tsakanin su ya zama kusan santimita 25. Ana binne zuriyar a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 10-20 mm, sannan farjinsa ya yi laushi, kuma an shayar da amfanin gona.

Kula da zobo a gonar

Abu ne mai sauqi qwarai mu kula da zobo da aka shuka a cikin qasa mai budewa, yayin da ya kamata a shimfida sararin sama-sama, kuma ya kamata a shayar da ciyawa, sako, ciyar da shi a kan kari, da kuma kariya daga kwari da cutarwa.

Wajibi ne a shayar da zobo akan lokaci, amma idan bushes din yayi wahala saboda karancin ruwa, wannan zai tsoratar da farkon kafawar, wanda yake mummunar illa ga amfanin gona. Peduncles bayan fitowar su dole ne a yanke. Bayan an yi ruwan sama ko ana shayar da bushes, farfajiya tsakanin layuka ya kamata a kwance kuma dole a cire sako. An rufe farfajiya na gadaje da ciyawa (ciyawar abu), yana sauƙaƙa kulawa da bushes.

Kuna buƙatar ciyar da bushes sau biyu ko sau uku a lokacin kakar. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da maganin mullein (1: 6), kuma a cikin lita 10 na irin wannan cakuda na gina jiki ƙara 15 grams na potassium da adadin adadin ƙwayar phosphorus. A cikin shekara ta biyu, wannan al'ada za a buƙaci ciyar da shi tare da cikakken bayani na ma'adinin ma'adinai, yayin da mitar 1 murabba'in shinge yana ɗaukar gram 15 zuwa 20 na urea, daga gram 30 zuwa 40 na superphosphate kuma daga 15 zuwa 20 grams na potassium chloride. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da bushes tare da takin da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen a kowane lokaci bayan an datse ganyen, yayin da a rana mai kyau aka gabatar da shi a cikin hanyar mafita.

Ana yin girbi ne bayan leafan ganye 4 ko 5 na ƙimar al'ada a kowane daji. Kafin girbi, dole ne a cire ciyawa daga gadaje. Lokacin da aka yanke ganye, ya kamata a kwance ƙasa mai sarari tare da ɗan sara. Trimming ganye faranti wajibi ne a tsawo na 30-40 mm daga farfajiya na shafin, yayin da kuke buƙatar gwada kada ku cutar da kodan apical. Daga Mayu zuwa Yuli, ana iya girbe zobo sau 3. Lokaci na ƙarshe da za'a aiwatar da girbi ba ya wuce kwanaki 30 kafin daskarewa ta faru, in ba haka ba zai sami mummunar tasiri a kan girbin nan gaba. A cikin kaka, farfajiya tsakanin layuka dole ne a rufe shi da takin ko humus (a kowace 1 murabba'in kilogram 4-5), yayin da Tushen da aka fallasa dole ne a yayyafa shi da su.

Karin kwari da cututtuka na zobo tare da hotuna da sunaye

Cututtukan zobo da jiyyarsu

Downy mildew

A cikin shekarar farko ta girma, bushes na iya shafar mildew na ƙasa (peronosporosis). A cikin dajin mara lafiya, ciyawar ta zama mara nauyi, mai toka da kauri, yayin da gefen ta ke jujjuyawa. Mafi yawan aiki, wannan cuta tana tasowa a cikin yanayin rigar. Don hana yin rigakafi, dole ne a cire ciyawar daga shafin a cikin lokaci, yayin da ya zama dole a yanke farantin ganye na marasa lafiya cikin lokaci. Ya kamata a fesa bushes mai lafiya tare da maganin Bordeaux cakuda.

Grey rot

A ci gaba da launin toka rot na faruwa saboda thickings na plantings a babban zafi. A kan marasa lafiya bushes, maroon spots an kafa, a hankali zama ruwa da lethargic. Sa'an nan kuma fara lalata da foliage. Domin hana, ba da damar thickening na plantings, yayin da farfajiya na gadaje dole ne a rufe da wani Layer da ciyawa (peat).

Tsatsa

Kishiya a cikin yanayin canjin yanayin wuri ne gama-gari. A cikin cututtukan bushes a farfajiya, kumfa na wani kodadde launin shuɗi launi, na tsawon lokaci da suka fashe, da kuma spores na naman gwari zube daga gare su. Don manufar yin rigakafin a cikin kaka, dole ne a tsabtace wurin da tarkace na shuka, sannan a tono ƙasa. Kuma a cikin bazara, an rufe farfajiya na gadaje da ciyawa (peat, sawdust ko humus).

Dabanbin tabo (septoria, ovulariosis da sauransu) suna da wahalar bambancewa a tsakanin su. Amma idan daji ya sami kowane irin tabo, to, aibanan launuka daban-daban, siffofi da sifofi za su yi girma a saman sa. A wannan batun, da zaran an bayyana aibobi a kan ganye, ya kamata a yanka a kuma ƙone shi. Don dalilai na prophylactic, a cikin kaka, dole ne a cire tarkace tsire daga farfajiyar shafin, sannan kuma an rufe ƙasa ƙasa da wani yanki na ciyawa (humus).

Karin kwari da sarrafawa

Mafi sau da yawa, kwari suna cutar da zobo, kamar su aphids, ganye beetles, zobo sawflies, hunturu scoops da wireworms.

Aphids

A aphid zaune a cikin daji da tsotsa fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare ta, saboda abin da ganye faranti zama rawaya lethargic, Tushen rauni, kuma tsirrai mutu. Don kawar da irin wannan ƙwayar cuta mai cutarwa, kuna buƙatar amfani da infusions na tafarnuwa, ash na itace, burdock da tumatir tumatir, yayin da aka saka ƙananan adadin sabulu na ruwa a cikinsu.

Idan ramuka na yau da kullun suna bayyana a saman ganye, to wannan yana nuna cewa ganye na ɗumbin ganye sun zauna akan daji. Wata irin kwaro da ke jikin tagar faranti tana shirya oviposition. Don hana bayyanar irin wannan kwaro a kan bushes, Ya zama dole a dasa zazzabi a cikin layuka na zobo. Daga irin wannan fure, har yanzu kuna iya yin jiko, wanda aka bi da bushes sau biyu ko sau uku a lokacin.

Sawfly

Masu ruwa da tsaki a kan murhun zobo suma suna kwankwansu qwai, yayin da wasu ciran bishiyoyi wadanda suka bayyana babu kwari, bayan haka kawai kwarangwal din jikin jijiyoyin ya rage daga gare ta. Don dalilai na rigakafin, dole ne a cire ciyawar daga shafin akan lokaci. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tsabtace yankin sharan gona a cikin lokaci, kuma ku bi da bushes tare da jiko na kantin magani, wanda ya kamata a zuba ruwan sabulu.

Ruwan sanyi

A cikin lambun, sikirin hunturu na iya shiryawa a makonnin bazara na ƙarshe, amma, irin wannan kwari na iya haifar da babbar illa ga zobo. Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, yana cin ƙwaryar shuka, kuma tare da farkon kaka, irin wannan kwaro yana motsawa kusa da ƙasa. Don hanawa, tonon silin na kaka ne da za'ayi aikin.

Don kama ɗamarar malam buɗe ido a wurare da yawa akan shafin, kuna buƙatar saita tarkuna, saboda wannan, a tsayin mita, ana dakatar da kwantena mai cike da ruwa, misali: compote, ruwan zuma ko molasses.

Wireworm

Wireworm shine tsutsa na kwaro mai lalacewa, yana cutar da tushen tsarin tsiro da fowayoyin sa. Don dalilai na rigakafin, dole ne a cire duk ciyawa mai tushe daga shafin a cikin lokaci, dole ne a cire ƙasa mai acidic, bayan an girbe, ya kamata a tono shafin, kuma yakamata a tuna cewa wannan amfanin gona baya bada shawarar a girma a wuri guda don fiye da shekaru 4.

Iri da nau'ikan zobo

An riga an faɗi a sama cewa mafi mashahuri nau'in zobo a tsakanin lambu shine zobo, ko talakawa. Hakanan a cikin lambuna, ana horar da irin waɗannan nau'ikan: passorine sorrel (ƙarami, zobo), ruwa (na cikin ruwa), doki (mai yawa, zobo, huhun ja), curly, bakin teku, m, alayyafo da Rashanci. A matsayinka na tsire-tsire na magani, zobo yakan fi girma girma.

Doki kuli (Rumex taron)

Irin wannan tsire-tsire na tsiro herbaceous yana da rauni mai laushi, lokacin farin ciki da gajerun rhizome, wanda ke da tushen asalinsu. Furrowed, danda, kafafa, lone mai tushe reshe a saman, tsayin su na iya bambanta daga 0.9 zuwa 1.5 m, a kauri sun kai 20 mm. Aramin tushe a kai a kai da kuma farantin ganye na Rosette suna da tushe mai kama da zuciya, kuma siffar su elongated, triangular-ovate. Ganyayyaki a sashin da ke sama sun kasance katako, kuma gefensu mai tsauri ne, sun kai santimita 25 a tsayinsu da kuma santimita 13 a faɗin, gonakinsu suna da tsayi kuma ana yinsu a gefen babba. Manyan ƙananan ƙananannn ƙananan takardu, sabanin ƙananan, suna da kaifi da gajeru, suna da siki mai fitarwa. Rashin kuskuren faranti na ganye yana da ɗimbin yawa wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar ɗan gajeren tari. Mafi yawan adadin pubescence is located a kan veins ganye. Ganye na wannan nau'in suna da dandano maras acidic. Ba manya-manyan ra consista sun haɗa da furanni masu launin shuɗi-kore ba. Irin waɗannan ranƙuwa suna haifar da ƙwanƙwasawa, wanda yake shi ne mafi girma da kuma kunkuntar tsoro mara nauyi. Wannan nau'in yana fure a watan Mayu da Yuni. 'Ya'yan itacen itace goro mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ya kai tsawon 0.7 cm kuma yana da siffar oval triangular. A dabi'a, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin gandun daji-steppe da kuma steppe zone, yayin da ta fi son girma a kan matsakaici mai laushi da ƙasa, ana ɗaukar saurin ciyawa ciyawa.

Sihiri, ko m

Cikakken bayanin wannan nau'in yana farkon labarin. Yawancin nau'ikan da suka fi shahara tare da lambu:

Watsa shirye-shirye. Wannan perennial yana da tsayayya ga sanyi kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana farfadowa cikin kwanaki 40-45 kawai. An ci sabo, kuma an yi amfani dashi don shirye-shiryen riguna na hunturu. Takaddun faranti na ganye masu launin ganye mai tsayi suna da siffar m.
Malachite. Lokacin narkar da wannan nau'in matsakaiciyar farkon daga 40 zuwa kwana 45. Ganyayyen kore mai haske yana da santsi ko ƙoshin gaske da gefen wavy, a tsawon sa ya kai kusan santimita 15. Tabon madaidaiciya ya kwance
Alayyafo. Tsakanin farkon farkon iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga sanyi da cuta. Fil ɗin kwance da kuma babban kanti ya ƙunshi manyan faranti na launin shuɗi mai duhu mai duhu, saman da yake kumfa.
Manyan ganye. Wannan farkon iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga sanyi da harbi. Rossette na tsaye yana kunshe da fure mai ƙoshin fure. A tsawon, faranti ganye iya isa 20 santimita har ma fiye. Irin wannan balaga iri-iri a cikin kwanaki 30-45.
Mariya mai bakin jini. Wannan nau'in kayan ado yana da sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, ana amfani dashi sosai a dafa abinci. A iri-iri ne saboda haka suna saboda da cewa a farfajiya na kore foliage akwai blotches ja. Tsawon ganyayyakin shine santimita 15, sannan faɗin su yakai santimita 10. Lokacin yin girki shine kwanaki 45-50.
Odessa 17. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan fararen haɓaka na fari suna da fararen kore mai launin elongated leaf, tsawon su shine santimita 16 kuma faɗin su shine 7 santimita, sashi ne na madaidaiciya kwance. Ana amfani da wannan shuka don shiri na soups, salads, da kuma adanawa.
Nikolsky. Matsakaiciyar ripening matsakaici sananne ne saboda yawanta. Tashin da aka kwance daga faranti ya ƙunshi faranti masu launin shuɗi masu launi waɗanda ke da kusan santimita 38 da faɗin kamu har zuwa santimita 12. Ana amfani dashi cikin abinci sabo, kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin shirye shiryen shirye shiryen hunturu.
Sanguine. Wannan tsaka-tsakin matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsakin yanayi yana saninsa ne ta hanyar yawan aiki. Semi-tayar da kafaffen kafa ya tashi sosai, kara mai launin ja ce ja. Manyan fararen ganye masu launin oval na launin koren launi suna da ɗan ƙaramin abu mai laushi ko santsi, kazalika da jijiyoyin jini.
Sarki Emerald. Na farko iri-iri tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Faranti masu launin kore mai laushi mai laushi masu laushi suna da siffar mai daɗaɗɗen hali.
Zakara. Irin wannan perennial yana da sakamako na ado, babban ɗanɗano kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tsawon kanti mai madaidaiciya yakai kimanin 0.4 m, kuma a diamita ya kai 0.3 m.Ya ƙunshi manyan faranti masu launin m, siffar wacce aka yi amfani da ita-olongated.
Dusar ƙanƙara. A matsakaici ripening iri-iri ana bambanta shi da kyakkyawan ɗanɗano da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Arfin da aka shimfiɗa ya haɗa da matsakaici-sized, ɗan ƙaramin kumfa, faranti na ganye kore.
Maykopsky 10. Wannan farkon nau'in sanannen ya shahara tsakanin yan lambu, yana da tsayayya wa cututtuka da sanyi, kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Dankin ya ƙunshi adadin matsakaici na acid. Flashy babban ganye faranti ana fentin launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, tsawon lokacin farin ciki yana da matsakaici.
Altai. Irin wannan nau'in sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi yana da fure mai fasali, mai ruwan-acid mai tsayi; man petioles yana da tsayi da bakin ciki. A fentin matasa na fenti a cikin launin kore mai duhu, bayan ɗan lokaci tana da launin shuɗi.
Lyon. Yawancin suna da inganci masu kyau da kuma kyakkyawan dandano. A kan lokacin farin ciki petioles fleshy ganye faranti. Bayan an yanke ganye mai ganye, yana girma sosai da sauri. Wannan iri-iri baya tsayayya da sanyi kuma yana iya daskarewa a cikin hunturu.
Red jijiyoyi. Tsawon wannan nau'in kayan ado shine kusan 0.4 m. Rosette madaidaiciya ya ƙunshi faranti mai siffa ganye mai launin shuɗi, yayin da jijiyoyin da ke cikinsu suna da nauyi ja. A cikin wannan nau'in, faranti ganye kawai ne ake cinye kafin a yayyafa su.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da zobo: fa'idodi da cutarwa

Warkar da kaddarorin zobo

Lambu suna godiya da zobo don bayar da ganye a cikin bazara, lokacin da akwai ƙarancin bitamin, kuma har yanzu akwai 'yan kayan lambu kaɗan. Bangaren kore na tsire-tsire sun hada da sunadarai, carbohydrates, acid Organic, fiber, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), E (tocopherol), A (beta-carotene), K (phylloquinone), H (biotin), PP (niacin) da bitamin Rukunin B: thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic da folic acid, pyridoxine. Hakanan, ana daukar wannan al'ada a matsayin tushen potassium, alli, magnesium, chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus, sodium, fluorine, jan ƙarfe, zinc, baƙin ƙarfe, manganese da aidin. Rhizomes na zobo yana dauke da bitamin K, mai mahimmanci, resins, baƙin ƙarfe, tannins, flavonoids, acid Organic, kamar kofi da oxalic, da sauran abubuwan da jikin ɗan adam ke buƙata. Cokali na dawakai yana da kama sosai a cikin kayan haɗin don irin wannan shuka mai amfani sosai kamar rhubarb.

Lian ƙananan matasa na irin wannan al'ada suna da abinci mai gina jiki da amfani, tare da citric da malic acid a cikin abun da ke ciki. Shover sorrel foliage yana halin halin analgesic, anti-mai kumburi, gyara, rauni waraka, anti-zingotic da anti-guba, kuma yana kuma taimaka inganta narkewa. Tare da ciki mai fushi, ana amfani da kayan ado na ganye. An bambanta irin wannan abin sha ta hanyar antiallergic da choleretic mataki, yana taimakawa haɓaka aikin hanta, haka kuma yana kawar da itching da fata.

Ana amfani da wannan tsire-tsire don lokacin haila mai zafi da kuma lokacin haila. A saboda wannan, 1 tbsp. ya kamata a hade ruwan da aka dafa sabo da shi tare da babban cokali 1 na busassun ganye. Ya kamata a ba abin sha a cikin minti 60, bayan haka ya bugu sau uku a rana don sulusin gilashin minti 30. kafin abinci.

Tare da rasa haihuwa, abun da ke ciki yana taimakawa: 1 tbsp. sabon ruwan da aka tafasa dole ne a haɗe shi da babban cokali 1 na zobo, cakuda an dafa shi don 60 s, sannan a cire shi daga wuta kuma a ba shi izinin kwantar da shi gaba ɗaya. Suna shan miyagun ƙwayoyi daidai da na lokaci mai raɗaɗi. Don haɓaka ƙarfin abin sha, yana da mahimmanci a zuba knotweed ko mummy a ciki.

Ana amfani da adon tsohuwar ƙwayar zobo don haɓaka aikin hanta, haɓaka samuwar bile, kuma yana iya dakatar da zub da jini. Ana amfani da kuɗaɗen da aka yi kan tushen doki rhizome don cututtukan hanta, igiyar ciki da huhun jini, huhun ciki, maƙarƙashiya, ɓarna, har ma da waje don ƙonewa, gingivitis, stomatitis, raunuka da cututtukan fata. A cikin wani madadin magani, ana amfani da irin wannan zobo azaman wakili na maganin antitumor. An shirya kayan ado daga ganyen zobo mai dawakai, wanda ke taimakawa tare da sanyi, gudawa, colitis, entero- da hemocolitis.

Contraindications

Masana basu bada shawarar cin zobo da yawa ba ko kuma na dogon lokaci tunda yana dauke da sinadarin oxalic mai yawa, kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen kawo cikas ga kodan da kuma ma'adanin ma'adinai a jiki. Hakanan, wannan shuka ba za a iya ci tare da ciki da duodenal ulcers, cututtukan koda, gastritis tare da babban acidity, gout da mata masu ciki.