Yadda za a shuka kyawawan tsire-tsire a gida - ƙwararren masani

Seedlingsarfin gida mai ƙarfi na kayan lambu da furanni, wannan shine maɓalli ga girbi mai albarka. Yadda ake shuka seedlings masu kyau tare da hannuwanku a gida, zamuyi bayani daga baya a wannan labarin.

Zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma a kan windowsills na gidaje anan kuma can, na farko zai fara bayyana - tsire-tsire gida.

Wadancan yan lambu kawai basa shuka - masoya a gida !!!

Wannan ya hada da cucumbers tare da tumatir, kabeji, Sage, eggplant, furanni da yawa, ƙari mai yawa ...

Koyaya, tsammanin lambu ba koyaushe ba ne da kyawawan albarkatu na gaba ...

Wani lokacin seedlings yakan girma, ya shimfiɗa, kuma ya zama cikakkar ...

Ta yaya za a samar da yanayin da ake buƙata don seedlings don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin lafiya?

Bayan duk wannan, wannan tabbacin tabbataccen tushe ne don ingantaccen girbi mai kyau da lada nan gaba!

Yadda ake shuka seedlings daidai don samun kyakkyawan sakamako wanda ake tsammani game da abin da zaku yi farin cikin raba wa maƙwabta a ƙasar?

Za a tattauna wannan a cikin wannan labarin.

Kyakkyawan Seeda Seedan Gida - Secan Asiri don Girma

Menene za'a buƙaci shuka seedlings?

Yawanci, ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa don shuka seedlings:

• kwalaye, kwantena na musamman don shuka, katako, kofuna na peat da Allunan, kofuna waɗanda za a iya maye gurbinsu (ana iya maye gurbinsu da kwantena masu ma'ana tare da kuma ba tare da shinge daga cikin manyan kantuna ba, kofuna waɗanda za'a iya zubar da duhu, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kayayyakin kiwo, kwalabe na filastik ruwan sha da ruwa; kwalba na yogurt da sauran kwantena masu dacewa)
• rake da kafada
• ruwa na iya baza bindiga,
• fitilu na haskaka bishiyoyi,
• Fim din PE ko kayan rufe abubuwa.

Yadda za a zabi tsaba?

Don samun kyawawan tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsaba masu kyau.

Da fari dai, dole ne su kasance masu inganci, abu na biyu, dole ne mutum ya yi kuskure wajen zaɓan ire-irensu, kuma na uku, yana da kyawawa don yin lissafin adadin tsaba ɗin nan da nan daidai.

Abin da ake nufi da kyawawan tsaba:

1. Lokacin sayen tsaba, da farko, kalli mai ƙera. Zai fi kyau siyan tsaba na kamfanoni waɗanda kuka riga kuka gama kuma kun dandana ƙwarewar samfuran.
2. Zai fi kyau siyan tsaba a cikin jakunkuna tare da Layer na tsare da fim ɗin filastik, irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da kyau a kiyaye su. Suna da lokacin tallace-tallace na shekaru 2, da tsaba a cikin takaddun takarda na fili -1 shekara.
3. A hankali karanta abin da aka rubuta a kan kunshin: bayanin ire-ire iri, shawarwarin dasa, rayuwar shiryayye. Hakanan, germination%, ana iya nuna adadin tsaba a cikin grams.

Zaɓi nau'ikan daban-daban gwargwadon dandano na sirri, wani yana son mafi yawancin nau'in, wani daga baya yana son su, da dai sauransu.

Yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe tsakanin tsarkakakkun nau'ikan dabbobi da kuma dabbobi.

Hakanan, kar ku sayi tsaba don siye, saya daidai adadin tsaba da za ku iya shuka a wannan shekara.

Ana shirya tsaba don shuka

Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar shirya su da kyau. Sa'an nan kuma seedlings nan da nan za su fara haɓaka da kyau!

Shiri ya hada da matakai da yawa:

• Tsarin tsiyaya kafin shuka

Don hana haɗarin lalacewar shuka ta wasu cututtuka, ana bada shawara don lalata ko suturar da tsaba kafin shuka.

Anyi wannan ne don ware yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

A gida, ana shuka itace yawanci tare da mafita na potassiumgangan (soaked tsawon mintuna 45 a cikin maganin 1% na potassiumgangan):

• tumatir tsaba
• albasa
• radish
• seleri
• Peas
• wake
• wake
• physalis
• masara
• letas
• furanni na shekara-shekara

Tsaba da ke buƙatar sanyawa na minti 20 a cikin maganin 2% na potassiumgangan:

• Kabeji tsaba
• barkono
• cucumbers
• kwai
• karas
• dill
• kabewa amfanin gona

Bayan kamuwa da cuta, ana wanke tsaba da ruwa mai gudu.

• Soaking tsaba kafin dasa shuki

Dry tsaba sun tsiro da muni da ƙasa da laima.

Sabili da haka, kafin dasa shuki, ana bada shawara don jiƙa su cikin ruwa ko cikin mafita na musamman, abubuwan ƙarfafa don germination.

Dole ne a yi wannan daidai don kada a lalata tsaba.

Babu matsala zaka iya kiyaye su cikin ruwa mai yawa - don haka tsaba shaƙa kuma zaka iya lalata duk kayan dasawa.

Hakanan ana amfani da hanyoyin kamar rarrabewa (sanadin motsa jiki) da kuma rashi (ƙetare wucin gadi na mutuncin babban ƙwayar zuriya) kuma ana amfani da su don haɓaka haɓakar haɓaka.

Preparationasa shiri don girma seedlings

Zai yi wuya a taƙaita mahimmancin shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki, tunda zaɓin da ya dace ya riga ya sami nasarar nasarar shuka.

Zaɓin madadin abubuwa don tsire-tsire daban-daban ya bambanta, duk da haka, akwai ka'idoji iri ɗaya waɗanda suka shafi duk tsire-tsire.

Ilasa don tsire-tsire ya zama haske, sako-sako, da porous, wannan zai ba da izinin iskar oxygen zuwa cikin sauƙi na tushen seedlings. Zai fi kyau siyan ƙasa don shuki a cikin shagunan na musamman.

• Abincin abinci mai gina jiki

Abun da yakamata ƙasa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu guba, macro - da micronutrients. Haka kuma, ya kamata a dauke su a cikin tsari mai sauki.

Lokacin shirya substrate, bazai zama superfluous don tuna cewa ma'aunin ya kamata ya kasance a cikin komai, kada ku sanya shi mai gina jiki sosai - abun da ke cikin ƙasa ya kamata a daidaita.

• Danshi da tsaka tsaki na kayan

Acidasafin acid ɗin yakamata ya kasance kusa da tsaka tsaki tare da ɗan karkacewa a cikin pH 6.5-7.2. Bugu da kari, kasar gona ya kamata sha da kuma riƙe danshi da kyau.

• Farin ciki da aminci na substrate

Idan ka yi amfani da kasar gona don samar da shuki, kafin shuka iri, sai a ba da farko ta sieve, sannan a huda shi.

Yadda za a shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa don seedlings?

Algorithm na dasa shuki don shuka iri shine kamar haka:

• Cika akwatin tare da ƙasa mai shirya kuma tare da mai yayyafa ruwa, sanya shi da kyau ta ruwa ko kuma maganin maganin ƙwayar cuta wanda ke motsa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (alal misali, Radiance - 2)
• Don yin tsagi a cikin ƙasa tare da zurfin 1, 5 cm, ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da sanda ko mai mulki.
• Bayan haka, ana dage farawa tsaba a cikin tsagi, nisan da ke tsakanin tsaba ya zama akalla 1.5 cm.
• Idan tsaba suna da girma, suna dannan dan kadan a cikin ƙasa kuma sun yayyafa su tare da saman ƙasa na 1 cm. Idan ƙwaya sun yi ƙanana, an dan matsa su da kadan.
• Na gaba, akwati tare da tsire-tsire an rufe shi da fim ɗin PE wanda aka sanya shi kuma an sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai dumi har sai tsiro.

Yanayin zazzabi don tsiro mai girma

Mafi kyawun tsarin zazzabi wanda zaka iya kirkira don shuki zai tabbatar da ingantaccen tsiro, haɓakawa da haɓakar ƙuruciya matasa.

A cikin mako na farko bayan shuka, yawanci zazzabi ya kasance a cikin: + 17-18 ° C.

An rarraba amfanin gona zuwa rukuni uku dangane da zafi:

1. Kungiya ta farko - sanyi mai jure (duk kabeji)
2. 2ndungiya ta biyu - buƙatar matsakaici don zafi (dankali, beets, letas, albasa, leeks, letas)
3. Rukunin 3rd - thermophilic. (annuals, kabewa, tumatir, wake, barkono, eggplant)

Bayan shuka tsaba, zazzabi don shuka ya zama ya isa sosai - Ga ƙungiyoyi biyu na farko, shine 20-25 ° C, don 3 - 25-30 ° C.

Bayan bayyanar ƙwayar farkon, don dakatar da shimfiɗa ƙwayar shuka, kuna buƙatar rage zafin jiki zuwa 10 ° C don rukunin 1, zuwa 12 don rukuni na 2, zuwa 15 ° C ga rukuni na 3, 15-17 ° C na guna.

Makonni 2 kafin dasawa cikin bude ƙasa, dole ne a taurare seedlings. Ga rukunin farko biyu, kula da zazzabi na 6-8 ° C, rukuni na 3 - 12-14 ° C.

Mafi kyawun yanayin iska don shuka

Imumaramin iska mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da saurin girma na ƙwayoyin shuka da kyakkyawan haɓakar seedlings.

Beneficialarin amfani da gumi shine 60-70%.

Amma barkono da eggplant sun fi son zafi 60-65%, kuma farin kabeji da zucchini - 70-80%.

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a kula da laushi shine fesa su, amma fesa su ba zai yi aiki ba, tunda wannan matakin yana da gajeru ne.

Yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar fim ɗin filastik ta sanya shi a ƙarƙashin tukwane, tanƙwara gefuna don gefuna ya kai santimita 30 sama da tukwane. Wannan zai tabbatar da sakamako na greenhouse, game da haka yana ƙara yawan zafi a cikin ɗakin.

Sau da yawa don shayar da seedlings?

Muhimmancin sha wahalar yin wahalar wuce gona da iri, tun da tsire-tsire kullum suna bukatar ruwa, bushewa kasar gona yana haifar da mummunan sakamako.

Watering za a iya za'ayi daga talakawa watering Can.

Idan an ɗanɗana tsaba ɗan ƙasa, to, kuna buƙatar shayar da su a hankali - tare da injin motsa wuta ko pipette.

Wace ruwa ake amfani da shi don ba da ruwa ga seedlingsan dabbobin?

Ana amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa a tsayawa, a zazzabi a ɗakin.

Sau da yawa don shayar da seedlings?

Watering yakamata ya zama sau 1-2 a mako .. Amma, yawan shayarwa ana girbe shi da nau'in kwandon shara wanda ya girma akan shuka. Lokacin ruwa: kowane, amma zafin rana da safe ya fi kyau.

A cikin kwalaye da kofuna waɗanda filastik, ana shayar da seedlings ƙasa da sauƙin fiye da a cikin kofuna waɗanda peat da allunan peat.

Makonni 2-3 bayan ban ruwa, ya zama dole don cire ruwa mai yawa daga kwanon idan ya bayyana a wurin.

Saitin hasken da ya dace don shuki

Yana da kyau idan windows gidanka suna fuskantar gefen rana, amma wannan zafin ba wuya ya iya samar da isasshen yanayi don ci gaban matasa tsirrai.

Lokaci da ake buƙata don tsirrai don haskakawa ya zama akalla sa'o'i 12 a rana.

Don girma seedlings, zabi mafi light taga a cikin Apartment.

Hanya guda, wata hanya, dole ne ka yi tunani game da hasken, ba a ma faɗi lokacin da windows na gidan ke watsi da gefen inuwa.

Tuna !!!

Kwanakin farko na farko 2-3 bayan fitowar seedlings, seedlings dovetail a kusa da agogo, sannan sa'o'i 12-16 a rana.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan hasken wuta da yawa, ƙari ko maras tsada, za mu faɗi kadan game da su:

• Iskar kwararan fitila

Daya daga cikin hanyoyi masu sauki don haskaka lambun akan windowsill shine amfani da fitilun wutar lantarki na al'ada, mafi yawanci ana zaba fitilu a cikin watts 40. Hanya na hasken baya ba shine mafi kyau ba, saboda an saki zafi mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da shimfiɗa tsirrai kuma yana haifar da mummunan yiwuwar ƙonewar ganye. Gabaɗaya, ribobi suna da ma'amala, amma fursunoni akan fuska.

• Fitila mai haske (fitilun fitilu)

Gabaɗaya, dangane da halayen su, waɗannan fitilun suna kusa da bakan da ake buƙata, suna ba da haske mai kyau, kar a yi zafi, sabili da haka kada a yi overheat tsirrai kuma suna da wadatar tattalin arziƙi. Mafi yawan lokuta ana haɗasu ta amfani da fitilu 250 W: dumama - 3000 K da sanyi - launuka 3500 K.

• Fitar da fitilun

Irin waɗannan fitilu ana amfani dasu galibi a cikin manyan masana'antun gida ko ƙasa. A gida, zaku iya amfani da irin waɗannan fitilun a cikin ɗakunan da ba a buƙata saboda ƙarfin hasken fitilun. Fitilolin Mercury suna fitar da haske kaɗan fiye da sodium, saboda haka ba su dace da shuka ba. Yawancin fitilu na fitarwa sune sodium, saboda sun fi dacewa da zangon rana, wanda rabin ƙarfe ya dace da haɓakar ciyawar ciyawar.

• Phytolamps (LED fitilu)

Irin waɗannan fitilun suna fitar da koguna na haske masu mahimmanci, suna dacewa sosai don haɓakar seedlings kuma zauna manyan matsayi a cikin wannan jagorar. Wadannan fitilu suna da karfin tattalin arziki, muhalli da kuma tsabtace makamashi, yayin da a lokaci guda suke da tsawon sabis na rayuwa. Rashin ingancin irin waɗannan fitilun shine babban farashin da rashin kariya mai danshi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu azaman hasken wuta na LED.

Wace irin hasken wutar lantarki don zaɓar don lambun gidanka kuna yanke shawara, a lokaci guda ku tuna, idan windows ɗinku sun mamaye gefen inuwa, to, kunna hasken kowace rana.

Idan windows suna gefen gefen rana, kunna fitilun ranar girgije.

Lokacin shigar da kayan gyarawa, nisa daga fitilar zuwa shuka ya zama bai wuce 10 santimita ba, tare da kara girman seedlings, nisan yana ƙaruwa.

Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa na seedlings

A lokacin girma, kananan tsire-tsire masu saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban kamar su blackleg ko root rot da sauransu, yi la’akari da masu biye:

• Kafa baki

Cutar da ke da haɗari wanda shuka da sauri yake faduwa kuma ya mutu. Alamar halayyar cutar: kara kusa da ƙasa ta zama baƙar fata, cotyledon ya fita ya koma launin rawaya. Idan aka gano wannan cutar, cire wuraren da abin ya shafa, kuma kada a sha ragowar ɓoyayyen na kwanaki da yawa. Hakanan cire babban saman daga tsire-tsire marasa lafiya ta ƙara ash maimakon.

• Tushen rot

Wannan cuta tana da alamomin halayyar: yellowing na ƙananan ganye, bayan duhu da faɗuwa, bayyanar ratsi mai duhu a kan mai tushe, asalin keɓaɓɓen tushe.

Alas, babu wasu hanyoyin da za a bi don magance wannan cuta; tsirrai kamar su kabeji, tumatir, barkono, kayan lambu, sage, cloves, allspice sun fi kamuwa da wannan cutar.

Yi hankali !!!

Mafi yawan saukin kamuwa da irin waɗannan cututtukan sune tsire-tsire da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa tare da amsawar acid, ko kuma idan akwai kwayar halitta da yawa a cikin ƙasa. Hanya guda don hana tushen tushen za a iya la'akari da amfani da sabo da kuma friable substrate.

Karanta ƙari game da manyan matsalolin 'yan ƙwaya, karanta nan

Ciyar da shuki

A duk tsawon lokacin girma, dole ne a ciyar da seedlings.

Manyan miya suna faruwa:

1. tushen - takin mai magani a cikin ruwa mai ruwa ana amfani dashi ga ƙasa.
2. Feshi-taki bayani ana fesa ta amfani da bindiga da aka fesa a sararin samaniyar tsirrai.

Ana yin miya ta farko, kwanaki 10 bayan fitowar.

Sannan ana ciyar da tumatir sau ɗaya a mako, har sai an dasa shi a cikin dindindin.

Ana yin kayan miya na sama daga lokacin da aka fara bayyana ganye na gaskiya, sau ɗaya a cikin mako 2.

Kamar yadda takin zamani yake, ana amfani da takin zamani mai daidaitawa na shuka akan shuka.

Daukana seedlings

Pickauki shine juyawa daga cikin seedlings zuwa kwantena daban.

Wajibi ne don samar da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma kawar da daskararren yashi.

Ana ɗaukar abin tarawa a mataki na farkon ganyayyaki 2-3 na farko.