Yadda za a kula da gerbera a cikin tukunya Gerbera na cikin gida da girmaYa zama sanannen mashahurin ba furanni furanni. Wannan yafi amfani, mai ban sha'awa fiye da bouquet na yanke furanni. M, m, kwazazzabo kuma a lokaci guda, mai sauƙi, gerbera kyakkyawan shuka ne mai kyau. Ko da mutumin da ya yi nisa daga ciyawa yana da ikon kula da gerbera domin ya sake maimaita fure.
Gerbera shine tsire-tsire na perennial na dangin Astra (Asteraceae). Asalinsu kyakkyawa ne daga Madagascar.
Masanin halittar botanist ne daga Holland Jan Gronovius ya gano wannan tsiron; a karni na 18 ya bayyana fure. An ba da sunan don girmamawa ga aboki na kwarai Gerber Traugott, likita na Jamusanci, masanin ilimin halitta wanda ya daɗe a Rasha, inda ya kasance darektan Gida na Botanical Moscow.
Tarihin Noma
Gerbera ya fara girma a cikin gonar a ƙarshen karni na 19. An fara shi ne daga mai shayarwa na Scottish R. Jameson akan ƙarancin ƙasa na lardin Transvaal (Faransa), don haka ana kiranta gerbera kuma ana kiranta Trasvaal chamomile. Yanzu irin nau'ikan matasan suna girma a duniya a cikin lambuna, katako, don dalilai na kasuwanci don yankan, kuma dangane da tallace-tallace, gerbera ya mamaye wuri na 5 a cikin duniya (wardi, carnations, chrysanthemums, tulips suna gaba).
Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, tunda gerberas kyawawa ne masu kyau da kyan gani.
Bayanin Botanical
Babban peduncle (har zuwa 70 cm tsayi) an lashe shi da halayyar kwando na Asteraceae. Diamita na inflorescence shine 4-15 cm, kuma a wasu nau'ikan - 30 cm. Launi ya bambanta: ruwan hoda, lemo, lilac, cream, shuɗi, burgundy ... Bayan fure, tsaba sun bayyana, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar har zuwa watanni 6.
Ganyen an karkatar da ganyaye, ya kai tsawon 35 cm, an tattara su a cikin kayan cikin muhimmi.
Gerbera Kulawa a Gida
Kulawar dakin Gerbera a hoto na gida
Zaɓin wuri da haske
Dankin yana da hoto - ya girma sosai kuma yana tasowa a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Matsayi mai dacewa zai zama sill na yanayin kudu maso gabas. Tabbatar ka kwantar da iska, amma ka guji tsarawa.
Zafin iska da lokacin hutawa
Yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau shine kusan 20 ° C.
A cikin bazara da bazara, yana da amfani sanya a cikin baranda, baranda, lambu, zaku iya dasa a buɗe ƙasa. Koma cikin ɗakin kafin zafin dare ya sauka zuwa 8-10 ° C.
A cikin hunturu, yakamata a tabbatar tsawon lokacin hutawa - a cikin sanyi (14-18 ° C), wuri mai haske domin fure ya tsaya. Kuna iya fitar da ganyayyaki. Komawa zuwa zafi a bazara.
Watse
Ana shayar da Gerbera ne kawai bayan saman ɓangaren ƙasa ya bushe 1-2 cm. Ruwa da ya rage a cikin kwanon rufi dole ne a zana shi. Ruwa a hankali: ba a ganye ko a cikin safa ba, amma tare da gefan tukunyar. Kullum kula da haske ƙasa danshi, ba da damar stagnation na ruwa fraught tare da lalata. Ruwa kawai tare da tsaftataccen ruwa a zazzabi a daki (aƙalla 20 ° C).
Don kula da zafi na iska, lokaci-lokaci sanya tukunya tare da shuka a kan kwalin tare da daskararren gansakuka, yumɓu da aka faɗa, pebbles. Ba a da shawarar Gerbera da za a fesa.
Manyan miya
Daga farkon Maris zuwa Nuwamba (kakar girma), ya kamata a shafa takin ma'adinai. A lokacin kwanciya daga cikin buds, ƙara ƙarin nitrogen, kuma tare da fure - potassium. Rarraba maida hankali da shawarar ta bada kashi biyu.
Dasawa bayan sayan
Kada ku yi saurin canza shuka nan da nan bayan sayan: ku bar shi ya daidaita sau 2-3 bayan bayyana a cikin gidan, amma yana da kyau a watsa shi bayan tsawon lokacin hutawa. Theara girman ganga ta 2-3 cm .. smallaramin, mai gani da alama bai dace da fure ba, tukunya shine ainihin abin da kuke buƙata.
Soilasa tana buƙatar abubuwan gina jiki, ɗan ɗanɗano acid ɗin. Cakuda ƙasa ya dace: 2 sassan ƙasa mai ganye, 1 yanki na peat, gansar sphagnum, ƙaramin haushi, yumɓu da aka faɗa don tabbatar da yanayin iska. Compost da humus suna contraindicated.
Gerbera yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba daji
Yadda ake raba hoto da hoton daji
Zai yiwu zuriya da ciyawa masu yaduwa (yan itace, rarrabuwa na rhizome). Lokacin da yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba waɗanda aka samo daga hybrids, halayen varietal sun ɓace, sabili da haka, ana amfani da tsaba daga mai samarwa ko an samo su daga nau'ikan tsarkakakkun abubuwa.
- Rhizome rabo shine mafi shahararrun nau'in haihuwa.
- Lokacin da furen ya kai shekara 2, a lokacin juyawa, za'a iya raba rhizome cikin sassa.
- Kowane tsage dole ne ya ƙunshi maki 2-3 na girma.
- Shuka su a cikin tukwane dabam: tushen shuka zai ɗauki kimanin watanni 6, kuma za ku sami fure na farko a watan 10-11th bayan dasawa.
Girma gerbera daga tsaba
Gerbera tsaba hoto
Yankin shuka shine daukar lokaci lokaci, amma zai baka damar samun ciyayi da yawa. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu zuwa zai zama shekara ta 2 ta rayuwa. A cikin Janairu-Maris, za ku iya riga shuka iri. Rarraba su a kan ƙasa, rufe amfanin gona da fim ko gilashi. A kwance a kowace rana, lokaci-lokaci moisten kasar gona. Harbi zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 8-10. Girma tare da ganye 3-4 ana shuka su cikin tukwane daban.
Shuka seedlings a zazzabi na 18-20 ° C, inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Don haka girma a matsayin fure mai fure ko zaka iya dasa shi a cikin ƙasa bayan barazanar sanyi ta wuce.
Gidan gonar Gerbera: yadda ake kulawa a cikin bude ƙasa
Gerber Jameson a cikin hoton lambun
Saukowa da kulawa
Ana shuka ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace a hankali, suna kula kada su zurfafa tushen wuya. Nisa tsakanin bushes ɗin shine cm 25-30. Zaɓi wuri mai duhu don gerbera a gonar, ya shayar da ita sosai, kada ku ƙyale ƙasa ta bushe kuma ciyawar ta mamaye. Salon kayan miya da hadaddun takin zamani don furanni zai zama da amfani, sau ɗaya a wata. Mulching kasar gona da sharan gona ko ciyawar da aka dasa zai kuma sami sakamako mai kyau.
Cin nasara
Don hunturu, kuna buƙatar haƙa wata shuka, zaku iya adana shi a cikin dakin sanyi (kamar dahlias, alal misali) ko tura shi cikin tukunya kuma ku ci gaba da girma a cikin ɗakin. Tare da jujjuyawar sanyi na sanyi a lokacin bazara, gerberas ya sake cika ƙasa.
Gerbera yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
Yadda za a yanka hoto na gerbera
Don samun ganyen, ya zama dole a yanke wani sashin itace tare da ganye da ƙulli. Tushen a cikin ƙasa, riƙe da zazzabi na kimanin 25 ° C. Bayan sati ɗaya, harbe-harbe matasa za su bayyana, sun girma kuma aka dasa su kamar shuki.
Yadda za a yi gerbera Bloom lushly a daki
Tsawan lokacin fure ya dogara da hasken da ya dace. Ya kamata hasken rana ya zama awoyi 12. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, fure yana faruwa a watan Satumba-Nuwamba. Ana iya tsawaita shi har zuwa Sabuwar shekara tare da ƙarin hasken wucin gadi. Yi la'akari, a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, tsawon lokacin shuka zai wuce har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta.
Gerbera blooms rauni idan:
- iya aiki yayi yawa (inji yana gina tushen tsarin, ta haka ya hana fure);
- ƙasa tana mamaye ta da takin nitrogen.
Witanƙarar inflorescences dole ne a dace kuma a cire shi daidai: cire su gaba ɗaya, in ba haka ba sauran ragowar za su fara jujjuya, suna harba shuka.
Shuka matsaloli
A cikin shagunan furanni, ana ciyar da gerberas tare da shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke taimakawa hana ci gaban gerberas: daji yana ɗaukar m, ba ya shimfiɗa. Lokacin da girma a ɗaka, shuka yana shimfiɗa ɗan ƙara kaɗan, amma kada ku damu, saboda fure har yanzu zai zama kwazazzabo.
Daga wuce haddi mai haske, ganye suna bushewa - a ranakun zafi, inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Cututtukan Gerbera da Karin kwari
Powdery mildew aka bayyana ta yellowing na ganye, farin Fluffy aibobi bayyana a kansu.
Grey rot - bayyanar ƙura mai launin toka akan ganye.
Dole ne a cire wuraren da suka shafa. Ku kashe jiyya.
Scabies, aphids, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, whiteflies mai yiwuwa ne kwari na gerberas. Da farko ka cire su da injina: sanyaya takarda auduga tare da sabulu da ruwa ka goge ganye. Sannan a nemi maganin kashe kwari.
Iri da nau'ikan gerbera tare da hotuna da sunaye
Cikin gida Gerbera Jameson Gerbera Jamesonii
Jameson Indoor Gerbera Gerbera Jamesonii hoto
Mafi mashahuri nau'in gerbera na cikin gida. Peduncles ya kai 30 cm, kuma diamita na corolla shine 15 cm.
Ta hanyar adorativeness, rukuni na 6 na gerberas za a iya bambanta:
Race Mutuwa
Gerbera iri-iri hoton Alcor
Rowan ƙaramin-caked ƙananan-fure tare da injin fure mai nauyin 8-9 cm. varietiesananun sune: Aldebaran - launi mai haske mai haske, Alcor - launi mai duhu.
Nau'in Amurkawa
Hoton Gerbera Vega
Waɗannan narrowarancin kumbura-veined gerberas tare da manyan furanni tare da diamita na 10-13 cm arian bambanci: Vega - orange, Algol - ceri mai duhu, Migar - ruwan hoda, Jupiter - rawaya.
Matsakaici-petal manyan-flowered
Daga cikin matsakaiciyar-fure mai fure-fure (11-13 cm a diamita) Ya kamata a bambanta nau'ikan Mars tare da furanni masu launin ja
Babban-flowered manyan-flowered
Gerbera iri-iri Hoton Hollywood
Iri tare da furanni tare da diamita na 15 cm: Almak - ja mai haske, Vera - ruwan hoda, Delios, Romeo, Bitrus - ja, Marcal - rawaya-orange.
Semi-terry, terry kunkuntar-mai kararrawa
Hoto Gerbera cultivar Kalinka
Furanni masu nunin furanni na ofimita 11. Kalamai: Kalinka - rawaya, Viola - ruwan hoda, Sonya - ja.
Semi-terry, terry wide-petamed
Hoto Gerbera Terry
Furanni masu nunin furanni masu nisan har zuwa 14cm. Spark sanannen sanannen furanni ne da furanni masu duhu mai duhu biyu.
Almara Gerbera
A cewar tatsuniya, wata karamar nom mai suna Gerbera ta gaji da hankalin kowa da sha'awar adon ta. Sai ta juya ta zama wata itaciyar daji ba mai fassara.
Tun da zamanin da, gerberas alama ce ta mutuntaka, rashin laifi. Sun dace a matsayin kyauta ga mutanen da kuke jin daɗin su, da kishin su saboda halayen mutane.
