Monstera - wani sabon abu "dodo"

Wurin haifuwa na wannan "dodo" shine West Indies da Kudancin Amurka. Monstera kyakkyawan itaciya ce mai alaƙa da ruwan inabi. Wannan shine ɗayan tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Matasa ganye suna cikakke, ana karkatar da su tare da shekaru, sannan a yanke gaba ɗaya. Wannan labarin shine game da sifofin girma monstera a gida.

Botanical fasali na shuka

Monstera (Monstera) - manyan tsire-tsire masu zafi, creepers; halittar dangin Aroid. Halin halittar Monstera yana da kusan nau'ikan tsirrai 50. Dodanni na kowa ne a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Girman girman girman shuka da bayyanar banbancinsa ya kasance tushen sunan duk halittar (daga monstrum - dodo, kuma, watakila, "m").

Dodanni sune evergreens, creepers, bishiyoyi tare da hawa lokacin farin ciki mai kauri, galibi suna rataye tushen asalinsu. Ganyen suna da yawa, masu fata. Petiole yana da tsawo, farji a gindi. Inflorescence shine kunne, lokacin farin ciki, silili. Furanni a gindi na cob ne bakararre, bisexual a sama.

Gabaɗaya, dodanni ba su da ma'ana, yana da sauƙi a shuka su, kuma watakila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa waɗannan gandunan ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi tare da kyawawan ganye masu duhu kore tare da ramuka da ramuka na siffofi daban-daban suna ɗayan tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don yin la'akari da cewa koda a cikin yanayi na cikin gida, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buɗewa don mita da yawa, saboda haka ya fi kyau a shuka su a cikin ofisoshi masu sanyi da sarari, masu kula da ɗakuna. Za a iya amfani dashi don shading (kamar hawa tsire-tsire) da trellis.

Monsters fi dacewa suna ɗaukar tushe a cikin lambunan hunturu mai zafi. Dankin yana ba da gudummawa ga ionization na iska a cikin gida.

Fasali na girma monstera - a takaice game da babba

Zazzabi Matsakaici, a cikin hunturu mafi yawan zafin jiki shine 16-18 ° C; a mafi yawan zafin jiki, monstera yana girma da sauri.

Haske Ba ya yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye. Dayawa sun yi imanin cewa dodo tana da inuwa kuma ta saka ta cikin duhu - wannan ba daidai bane. A zahiri, monstera itace mai jure yanayin inuwa, kuma mafi kyawun wuri shine wurin da akwai haske amma bazuwar haske ko inuwa mai cike da haske.

Watse. Mafi yawan - daga bazara zuwa kaka, ana shayar da ruwa a cikin hunturu domin ƙasa ba ta bushewa, amma ba a yi ruwa ba.

Taki. Daga Maris zuwa Agusta, Monstera yana ciyar da takin gargajiya don tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Manyan miya kowane sati biyu. Za'a iya ƙara manyan tsire-tsire humus sau ɗaya a lokacin bazara zuwa saman Layer na ƙasa lokacin dasawa ko ba tare da shi ba. Madadin haka, har yanzu zaka iya ruwa da jiko na mullein, amma a lokaci guda, ƙanshin na iya kasancewa a cikin gidan.

Haushi Yawaita kullun. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ganyen monstera suna wankewa, an goge su da soso kuma a goge su. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin hunturu kusa da tsarin dumama, tukwicin ganye zai bushe da aibobi na iya bayyana.

Sake bugun. Yankin iska da tsageran. Ya kamata yadudduka ya zama yana da ganye da tushe mai tushe. Lokacin da monstera tayi girma sosai, saman da yake da guda ɗaya ko fiye da na tushen an yanke shi kuma aka dasa shi a matsayin shuka mai zaman kanta, yayin da mahaifiyar shuka ke ci gaba da haɓaka.

Juyawa Juyawar karamin dodo yana gudana kowace shekara. Dodanni da suka wuce shekaru 4 ana dasa su a cikin shekaru 2-3, amma ana canza sashin saman duniya a shekara. Ilasa: 2-3 sassan sod, 1 yanki na ƙasar peat, 1 yanki humus, 1 yanki na yashi.

Ana iya girma da tsire-tsire matasa a cikin guga, amma tsire-tsire waɗanda suka girmi shekaru 2-3 zasu buƙaci babban akwati. Zai iya zama tukwane na fure na musamman (akwai waɗanda ke kan siyarwa - manyan masu girma dabam) ko kuma tubuna na katako. Rashin iya samar da dodo tare da ingantaccen shuka shine ya zama sanadiyyar matsalolin da ke tattare da samun ingantacciyar shuka.

Kula da dodo a gida

Dodanni suna zaune a wani wuri mai wuta, amma a lokacin rani suna buƙatar shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Dayawa suna daukar dodo wata shuka ce da zata iya jure inuwa, amma domin kawo yanayin dodo a cikin dakin kusa da wadanda suke dasu a cikin kasarsu, ya kyautu a basu isasshen haske, a sanya su kusa da windows (ban da na kudu, kodayake kusa da windows suna fuskantar arewa , ta iya samun isasshen haske).

Lokacin adana dodanni tare da haske mai yada launi, ganyen tsire-tsire suna faɗaɗa, sun zama sassaƙa. Idan tsire-tsire yana da sababbin ganye ya zama ƙarami kuma kada ya sassaka, kuma tushen iskar ya zama na bakin ciki da rauni, to wannan yana nuna rashin haske. Tsirrai masu girma suna da hankali ga canje-canje a cikin haske, don haka babu wani takamaiman dalili kar a canza wurin da aka saba don monstera.

Dodanni suna ƙasa a hankali don zafi (sama da yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin, mafi sauri cikin haɓaka). Haɓaka mai aiki yana farawa a zazzabi na 16 ° C, mafi yawan zafin jiki shine kimanin 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire zai iya jure yanayin sanyaya na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa 10-12 ° C, amma mafi yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu shine 16-18 ° C. Dodanni a cikin kaka-hunturu lokacin ba su yi haƙuri zayyana.

A cikin bazara da bazara, ana shayar da monstera sosai, tare da ruwa mai laushi, ruwan sanyi, kamar yadda saman keɓaɓɓen ya bushe. Watering an rage daga kaka, watering a matsakaici a cikin hunturu, biyu zuwa kwana uku bayan saman Layer na substrate ta kafe.

Ya kamata a guji danshi mai wuce gona da iri, in ba haka ba ganye monstera sun rasa ƙimar kayan ado (duhun duhu sun bayyana) kuma tushen lalacewar yakan faru. A cikin dukkan lokatai, bai kamata a bar mahaifa ta bushe ta bushe ba.

Ya kamata a falle ganyen tsire-tsire a kai a kai tare da taushi, ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakuna kuma a shafe lokaci-lokaci tare da zane mai laushi, tsabtace su daga ƙura.

Ana buƙatar suturar miya mafi girma don tsire-tsire na manya (daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2 tare da ma'adinai da takin gargajiya), tsire-tsire matasa zasu iya yin ba tare da miya ba. Haɓaka girman tsirrai ba tare da hadi ba takanyi jinkiri.

Monstera yana buƙatar tallafi - kwalin kwali, sandunansu da aka makale a cikin tukunya, igiyar tagutu, da dai sauransu.

Trimming saman tsoffin tsirrai suna ƙarfafa samuwar harbe a kaikaice.

Tushen iska da ke tsiro a cikin dodo a kowane ganye ba za a yanke shi ba, dole ne a saukar da shi cikin tukunya ko akwati ko, a tattara su a cikin wani ƙara, a dasa a cikin tukunya mai ƙara tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Wadannan Tushen suna haifar da tushen fibrous da yawa kuma suna inganta tushen abinci mai gina jiki.

Idan iskar ba ta da isasshen wuri ga dodo, kuma zazzabi ya yi yawa, ƙarshen tushen iska wanda ba ya isa ƙasa a cikin bahon an ɗaure shi da daskararren rigar ko kuma a tsoma shi cikin kwalban ruwa. A tsawon lokaci, waɗannan Tushen kuma zasu sami damar shiga cikin abubuwan gina jiki. Wani lokaci ana iya haɗa tushen jijiyar da bango.

Ana sayarwa da wasu na musamman da aka kera a jikin fiber na dabino. Ana iya cika su da ƙasa da ƙananan ramuka waɗanda aka yi don asalinsu. A cikin iska mai laushi kafin lokacin hadari ko ruwan sama, da kuma lokacin hunturu, kafin narkewa a ƙarshen ganyen monstera, ana tattara manyan dropsawan ruwa, suna sauka daga shuka.

Monstera blooms kowace shekara a cikin mahaifiyar, kuma yana da wuya a cikin al'adun dakin. Tare da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, bayan shekaru 2, shuka zai iya ba da babban inflorescences. Furanni suna bisexual, an tattara akan cob tare da murfin kirim. Yayinda 'ya'yan itacen suka girma, sai mayafin yayi tauri ya fadi.

Monstera.

Violet monstera fruit, reminiscent of kunne of masara, kafa ta kananan m, guga man da juna 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, da m zaki da dandano da ƙanshi na tunawa da hade ƙanshi na abarba da strawberries. Haɗa - har zuwa 20 cm tsayi.

Yarinya tsire-tsire suna buƙatar sake haɗe su kowace shekara, yara masu shekaru 3-4 - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2, girmi shekaru 5 - kowace shekara 3-4, duk da haka, ƙarin ƙasa na kowace shekara wajibi ne. Abun da ke ciki na ƙasar don tsire-tsire matasa: Turf - 1 hour, humus - 2 hours, peat - awa 1, yashi - awa 1, canza pH 5.5-6.0.

A cikin cakuda don tsire-tsire na manya, zaku iya ɗaukar 3 sassa na turf da kuma 1 ɓangare na yankewa, peat, ƙasa humus da yashi (pH 6.5-7.0). A kasan tukunya yana samar da kyakkyawan malalewa. Tsire-tsire suna ci gaba mafi kyau a cikin manyan tukwane.

Tsarin dodo

Monstera yana yaduwa ta hanyar matakai, itace, tsaba (ƙasa da sau da yawa).

A lokacin yaduwar iri, ana shuka iri na monstera a cikin ɗakin mai haske. Tsaba yana girma a cikin makonni 2-4. A seedling farko ya bayyana na yara undissolved ganye, da kuma riga a cikin na biyar ko takwas watan - adult real ganye. Bayan shekaru biyu, tsire-tsire da aka shuka daga tsaba suna da ingantaccen tsarin tushen, ƙaramin 3-5 da ganyayyaki na manya. Lingsalingsan itace galibi ana kulawa da: ɗauka, dasa a cikin tukwane, dasawa a shekara.

Ayyukan gefen da ke fitowa a cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin mai tushe suna yaduwa a cikin Maris-Yuni a cikin monstera, sannan ta apical ko tushe mai tushe (wani tushe tare da ganyayyaki 1-2). Yantawa da aka yayyafa da gawayi da keɓaɓɓu, ba da damar bushewa. Dasa a cikin tukwane daban-daban, an rufe shi da gilashin ko gilashin kwalba. Ana sanya babban matakin magudanar ruwa daga cikin shards mai fashewa a kasan jita-jita, sannan sai a zuba saman santimita biyu na peat ko humus a ƙasa, kuma an zubar da yashi mai-nauyi 2-3 a saman. Zazzabi a cikin dakin kyawawa ne 20-25 ° C. Shayar da safe da maraice.

Bayan tushen, ƙananan tsire-tsire ana shuka su ta hanyar dodanni a cikin jita-jita na tsaka-tsakin, kuma ana dasa samfurin mafi girma a cikin tukunya ko tukunyar wuta tare da kwanon rufi bayan shekaru 3-4.

Kyakkyawan tushen kafe na monstera yana da ƙananan ƙananan asalin sa.

Tsofaffin tsire-tsire yawanci suna rasa ƙananan ganye kuma suna zama mummuna. Sabili da haka, mutum zai iya bayar da shawarar wannan hanyar yaduwa: ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin ƙananan tushe na matattarar ƙasa suna nannade cikin daskararru mai danshi, an ɗaure shi da gasa ko igiya kuma a haɗe zuwa akwati. Tushen daskararre na monstera a cikin rigar moss suna da tushe mai yawa, bayan haka an yanke saman da ganye ɗaya ko biyu kuma an dasa shi a cikin tukunya don a rufe tushen da yanki a ƙasa (yanki shine a yayyafa shi da gawayi.) Don haka sami kyawawan tsire-tsire matasa, da tsohuwar mai tushe kwanan nan samar da sabon gefen harbe. Tsohon tsohuwar shuka ya zama sabon iri kuma ya sabunta.

Monstera da sauran tsirrai a ciki.

Kariya Monstera ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu haɓaka fata da ƙwayoyin mucous. Ruwan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na' ya'yan itace mara kyau na iya haifar da kumburi daga cikin bakin mucosa, na ciki da na jini.

Iri Monstera

Monstera Adanson (Monstera adansonii schott) Synonym: Dracontium pertusum L., Monstera pertusa (L.) de Vriese, Philodendron pertusum (L.) Kunth & C. D. Bouche.

Gida na gida - daga Costa Rica zuwa Brazil, wanda aka samo a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Liana, ya kai tsayin 8 m. Ganyayyaki masu kauri ne, tare da wasu kananan ramuka da yawa a cikin faɗin, faɗin 22-55 cm, faɗin 15-40 cm.Kirar ganye tana da sigar da ba ta tsinkaye. Blooms da wuya a al'ada. Kunnen kan gajeren zango 8-13 cm tsayi, 1.5-2 cm fadi, haske rawaya.

Monstera yana da dadi, ko kyawawa (Montera deliciosa Lieb.) Synonym: Philodendron ya lalace (Philodendron pertusum Kunth et Bouehe). Yana girma cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, a cikin gandun daji, yana haɓaka zuwa 1000 m sama da matakin teku, a Tsakiyar Amurka. Hawan Creeper. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, har zuwa 60 cm a diamita, stringate, disseped mai zurfi, pinnate-lobed kuma a cikin ramuka, fata. Leavesan ganye matasa suna da kamannin zuciya, baki ɗaya. Kunnen 25 cm tsayi da kauri 10-20 cm. Tabarbar gado fari. 'Ya'yan itace - Berry tare da ƙanshin abarba; naman da ake cinyewa (wani lokacin akwai abin ban sha'awa da zafin kona ciki a bakin saboda kasancewar lu'ulu'u oxalate), yana dandana kamar abarba.

Sanannen sananniyar hawan tsire-tsire na cikin gida; a cikin gidajen katako ya kai mita 10-12 a tsayi, a cikin dakuna har zuwa 3. Mummunan tsirrai tare da kulawa mai kyau na iya yin fure a shekara, 'ya'yan itacen sun girma cikin watanni 10-12. Akwai wani farin-motley form (Variegata), wanda ke haɓakawa da sannu a hankali kuma mafi buƙatu akan yanayin tsarewa.

Monstera Borzig (Montera deliciosa borsigiana (S. Koch ex Engl. Kngt. Et Krause). Wurin haifuwar shuka shine Meziko. Ganyayyaki suna ƙasa da M. deliciosa, har zuwa 30 cm a diamita; mai tushe ne thinner. Subsungiyoyin sun samo asali ne daga al'adun sakamakon ɗaukar hoto yayin yaduwar iri da zaɓi na gaba. Ya dace da girma a cikin dakuna da sauran dakuna.

Monstera oblique (Monstera obliqua Miq.). Synonym: M. jinkirta (M. falcifolia Engl.), M. expilata (M. expilata Schott.) Yana tsiro cikin gandun daji na Brazil (Parana da Amazon) da Guiana. Hawan Creeper. Ganyayyaki suna fitowa daga elliptical ko oblong-lanceolate, 18-20 cm tsayi kuma 5-6 cm fadi, ba a daidaita a gindi, duka. Petiole gajere ne, tsawon 12-13 cm. Inflorescence a takaice, 7-8 cm tsawo, peduncle. Kunnuwa karami ne, 4cm tsayi, mara nauyi.

Monstera tayi doka, ko cike da ramuka (Montera pertusa (L.) de Vriese). Synonym: M. Adason (M. adansonii Schott), M. punctured, da yawa na jaeqminii (M. pertusa var. Jaeqminii (Scholt) Engl.). Ya girma a cikin saurukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi a Amurka. Hawan Creeper. Ganyayyaki suna ovate ko tsawon tsawon 60-90 cm kuma tsawon 20-25 cm, ba a daidaita ba, ya faɗaɗa a cikin ƙananan sashin, ba tare da an daidaita ba. Ambar shimfidar gado fari ne, tsawon 20 cm. Spadix har zuwa 10 cm tsayi.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa a girma monstera

• A cikin inuwa, an dakatar da ci gaban dodo, an fallasa akwati.
• Abubuwan launin shuɗi a kan ƙananan ƙasa na ganye na monstera ana haifar da su ta hanyar ja gizo-gizo gizo.
• Saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki, ganyen monstera ya zama rawaya.
• Saboda waterlogging, kasar gona na iya juya launin rawaya har ma da juya ganye.
• Saboda bushewar tukunya ko tukunya mai ɗaci sosai, yatsun lobes da gefunan ganyen monstera sun zama ruwan kasa da shuɗi.
• Tare da wuce haddi hasken rana, kodadde ganye tare da rawaya spots siffan.
• Tare da rashin haske, smallanana da ƙananan rawaya suna girma, harbe suna tsawaita, tsintsaye na monstera yana fara juyawa.
• Idan kasar gona ta yi yawa sosai, ganyen monstera “kuka” (daskararren daskararren ruwa ya bayyana a kansu) - bar kasar ta bushe ta kuma kara tsani tsakanin ruwa. Saukad da kan ganyayyaki na iya faruwa kafin ruwan sama.
• Lokacin da aka adana tsire-tsire a wuri mai duhu kuma tare da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ganyen ganyen monstera suna da farantin guda.
• Tare da shekaru, ƙananan ganyen monstera koyaushe suna fadi. Amma idan ganyayyaki sun bushe da launin ruwan kasa kafin su fado, to, dalilin hakan yana da zafi sosai.
• Tsoffin tsirrai suna kafa tushen iska mai yawa. Bai kamata a cire su ba, yana da kyau a tura su a madadin, zuwa tukunya ko baho. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, suna bayar da tasu gudummawa ga ingantaccen tsarin shuka.
• Monstera na iya lalacewa ta hanyar aphids, gizo-gizo gizo, scabies.

Jiran nasihunka game da girma da kyawawan tsirran nan!