A kallon farko, wata itaciya wacce take da manyan ciyayi da tsinke, fure mai kamshi mai kamshi mai kauri a cikin soyayya kuma tana mamakin hasashe. Wannan shine Brugmansia, saukowa da kulawa a cikin ƙasa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da lokaci, amma duk aikin dole ne ya biya.
Al'adar gargajiya ta zamani mai tsawo, wacce ake kira da "mala'ikan mala'ikan" don siffar furanni, a yanayi tana da bayyanar babban bishiyun bishiya ko itace. A Rasha, saboda yanayin sanyi, wanda ke da mutuƙar tsiro, tsiro a ƙasa mai buɗe ido zai yiwu ne kawai a cikin lokacin dumi. Tuni a 5-7 ° C ganyen ya fara faɗi. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kusanci sifili ko ƙasa, ɓangaren ƙasa yana da mummunar cutar kuma yawanci yakan mutu. Sabili da haka, daga kaka zuwa bazara, ana tilasta shuka na kayan ado ya kasance a ɗaka.
Yadda za a shuka itace na Brugmansia da kulawa da wannan kyakkyawan mazaunin gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka?
Shuka da kulawa da Brugmansia
Ko ya kasance seedling ko ya girma Brugmansia, shuka da dole ne ya sami fure a cikin bazara, kafin hakan, ya kasance cikin yanayin dangi.
Tare da isowar zafi, ana aiwatar da tsarin ciyayi na kayan ado. Wannan yana nufin cewa itacen Brugmansia za'a iya shirya shi ta dasa shuki a gonar:
- Idan inji ya kasance a cikin daki mai tsanani a cikin hunturu, yana buƙatar hardening. A saboda wannan, sannu a hankali kasar Brugmansia ta saba da sabon iska, kowace rana tana fadada "tsarin".
- Lokacin da ake shirya hunturu na Brugmansia a cikin wani bene mai sanyi ko wani ɗaki a zazzabi na kimanin +8 ° C, dole ne a kawo tsire a cikin duniya, inda ci gabanta zai fara ci gaba da sauri.
Brugmansia na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ke haɓakawa da sauri, saboda haka, fara daga Afrilu, yayin da itaciyar ke cikin baho, ana fara ciyar da shi tare da cakuda shi da nitrogen. Wannan yana ƙarfafa girma da sababbin harbe da kuma ganye.
Kuma a lõkacin da shuka Brugmansia a bude ƙasa? Zai iya yiwuwa kawai idan haɗarin dawo da yanayin sanyi ya ƙare. A tsakiyar Rasha, wannan lokacin bai isa ba har tsakiyar Mayu ko Yuni.
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don dasa Brugmansia don zaɓar mazaunin bazara:
- a cikin ƙasa buɗe, don sake fitar da shuka a cikin kaka kuma a sa alama tare da ƙwal mai yumbu a cikin baho;
- a cikin babban akwati domin itacen ya girma a matsayin al'adun tub.
Duk hanyoyin guda biyun suna da fa'ida da rashin ƙarfi. Babban tsire-tsire yana da wahalar cirewa daga ƙasa ba tare da lalata tsarin tushe ba tare da yin fure da furanni. Kuma a cikin baho, Brugmansia yana buƙatar ƙarin yawan shayarwa da ƙarin takin. Bugu da kari, Tushen bishiyar fure yana girma, kuma da sannu zai buqatar dasa shi a cikin akwati har ma fiye da haka.
Don adana ƙarfin da ya fi tsayi don kula da ado na Brugmansia zai taimaka zaɓin nau'in nau'ikan da ba a taɓa gani ba. Suna da kyau kamar kyawawan bishiyoyi har tsawon mita 3, amma sun fi ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma suna buƙatar ƙaramin girki.
Don kula da Brugmansia bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba mai wahala ba ne kuma mai tasiri, tsire-tsire suna neman yankin rana tare da kariya mai kyau daga iska. Wannan zai taimaka ƙirƙirar microclimate mafi dacewa ga baƙi na wurare masu zafi kuma ya samar mata da yanayi na fure mai ɗorewa.
Daidai da mahimmanci shine zaɓi na ƙasa mai dacewa. Don girma da samuwar yawancin manyan furanni, shuka yana buƙatar substrate na gina jiki tare da haɗawar:
- 1 bangare loam;
- 2 sassan peat mai low;
- 1 part da kyau rotted kuma tsabtace na m incusions na humus.
Cakuda kasar gona kafin dasa shuki a cikin tukunya yakamata a lalata shi ta hanyar maganin kullewar a cikin tanda ko zub da babban ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. Ya kamata a lura cewa don brrugmansia ana buƙatar tukunya mai nauyin wuta na lita 10-30, gwargwadon girman tsarin tushen.
Idan dole ne ku kula da Brugmansia a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, kafin dasawa, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, ƙasa da aka zaɓa daga ramin kuma ana wadatar da humus kuma an ƙara peat a matsayin foda mai yin burodi, kuma idan ya cancanta, an ƙara yashi.
Kula da Brugmansia bayan dasa shuki a cikin filin bude
Babban yanayin kyawawan yanayi da furanni na Brugmansia sune:
- da rashin abinci mai gina jiki don shuka mai saurin girma;
- yawan ruwa;
- yanayin zafi, wanda yanayin zafi sama da +23 ° C ya mamaye;
- karancin iska mai tsananin sanyi;
- kariya daga cututtuka da kwari.
Idan babu abin da ke cutar da tsarin narkar da Brugmansia, kula da shi ya ƙunshi yawan ruwa da kuma kayan miya.
Plantungiyar daji mai zafi tana mayar da martani sosai ga bushewar ƙasa da iska, don haka a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana iya shayar da Brugmaniya sau da yawa a rana. Amma ya kamata a fesa itacen a hankali, in ba haka ba ruwan zai lalata bayyanar furanni masu girma.
A cikin yanayin hadari da ruwa, an daidaita jigon ban ruwa don kada ya haifar da ganyayyaki da fure na furanni. Brugmansia a cikin tukunya da aka ɗauka zuwa gonar na iya fama da ƙarancin yanayi. Don hana wannan faruwa, zai fi kyau a jefa kwandon ko a yi amfani da baho na yumɓu mara duhu.
Lokacin da shuka ya girma kambi, ya kamata a karfafa shi don fure. Ciyar da babban abun ciki na phosphorus da potassium zai taimaka yin hakan. Koyaya, kar ka manta game da abubuwan nitrogen da abubuwan ganowa. Zasu goyi bayan haɓaka da kuma samar da haske na fure da furanni kararrawa. Ana yin riguna na yau da kullun, daga lokacin dasa a cikin ƙasa har zuwa Satumba, ana haɗa abubuwan haɗin ma'adinai da kwayoyin.
Alamar da manomi zai iya yanke hukunci game da bukatar itacen Brugmansia domin takin zamani zai kasance:
- rage girman faranti na takarda;
- yellowness ko pallor na ganye;
- karami fiye da da, yawan buds.
Kamar yadda yake tare da dukkan tsirrai a cikin gidan da suke zaune, ana kafa formeda fruitsan itaciya a maimakon furannin bushewa na Brugmansia. Idan ba'a cire su ba, ƙwayoyin za su dauki makamashi da yawa, itaciyar za ta rage saurin ofan ewa.
Brugmansia hunturu
Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi yana da haɗari ga brugmansia na thermophilic, sabili da haka, ba tare da jiran sanyi ba, an cire shi daga ƙasa kuma an canza shi zuwa ɗakin. Samun hunturu a kasar Borkmania:
- a cikin zafin jiki na 5-8 ° C a cikin duhu, har ma da tushe;
- a cikin daki mai iska mai zafi har zuwa 10 ° C, amma a ƙarƙashin haske da shayarwa.
A cikin yanayin farko, dole ne a shirya shuka don canji a yanayin rayuwa, a hankali rage zafin ban ruwa.
Har zuwa shekaru goma na biyu na Maris, wato, kafin dasa shuki da kula da Brugmaniya a cikin filin budewa, an yanke shuka. Irin wannan aiki zai sa kambin ya zama ƙaramin ƙarfi, kuma fure akan furanni matasa zai tabbatar da dawwama da tsawon lokaci.
'Yan Brugaraniya sun gaji "halayen" lambun Noman sanannu ga mazauna rani: barkono da kuma eggplant. Ba ya yin fure har sai an nuna alama a kan kara.
Sabili da haka, a lokacin pruning, irin waɗannan "cokali mai yatsa", da ƙananan harbe a gefen ɓangaren kambi dole ne a bari. Branchesatattun rassan rassan da suka lalace ko wuce gona da iri suna fuskantar cirewa ko gajarta. Idan Brugmansia a kan yanar gizon ya girma daga tushe mai tushe ba tare da ma'anar haɓaka ta sama ba, zaku iya yanke irin wannan shuka shekara guda bayan fure na farko, wato, yana da shekaru 2-4.
Kiwo brugmansia da kula da tsire-tsire matasa
Brugmansia yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsirrai da hanyoyin ciyayi, galibi ana amfani da itace. Productionaukar kai na tsaba baya bada garantin kiyaye halayen mahaifin.
Amma wannan zuriya ana sauƙaƙe kuma ya fito a cikin kwanaki 7-10 bayan dasa. Da mazan da tsaba, da ya fi tsayi suna jira seedlings.
Shuka a cikin haske na gina jiki ƙasa ne da za'ayi tun Janairu. Har sai tsiro ya bayyana sama da ƙasa, ana ajiye akwati a cikin greenhouse a zazzabi na 20-25 ° C. A lokacin taro, yawan tsire-tsire suna ba da haske da kuma ƙara zafi. Tsabtace ƙasa a kai a kai, yana hana ta bushewa.
Za'a iya yin amfani da tsire-tsire na Brugmansia a mataki na 4 ainihin ganye. Tsire-tsire ba sa tsoron zurfafa kuma suna kafa tushen tushen ƙasa, da sauri suna tawakkali da girman ƙasa "amintattu" a gare su. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, an canja seedling zuwa tukunya mafi girma. Nitrogen, sannan kuma ciyarwar mai rikitarwa, yana taimakawa wajen haɓakawa da kuma haɓaka haɓaka.
Yankan itace hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi yawancin hanyoyin da ake bi don ƙirƙirar brugmansia lokacin da ake kula da ita a cikin gida da ƙasa. Don tushen tushe, cikakke ko rabin-lignified harbe tare da 2-3 internodes tare da tsawon 15 zuwa 20 cm sun dace .. Kuna iya samun kayan dasa kayan da suka dace daga lokacin bazara lokacin da ake yin huda, kuma har zuwa kaka.
Don saurin bayyanar Tushen mafi sauri, ana yanke pert tare da faranti na ganye tare da abun da ke motsawa, sannan a ƙara sauke su cikin ruwan yashi mai peat-peat ko kuma nutsar cikin ruwa. A cikin gidan kore, ana iya yin rooting har zuwa watanni uku, to sai a dasa ganyen a cikin tukwane daban. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace za a iya canjawa wuri zuwa wani wuri na dindindin yayin da aka fara kwanciya a cikin sinuses, farka da girma. Lokacin da kake kula da Brugmansia bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a la'akari da cewa samfurori matasa sun fi muni fiye da manya don amsa canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da zafi, kuma kwari ne suka fi yawaita.
