Siffofin bishiyoyin apple apple columnar

Sashe na 1. applean itacen apple mai siffa-mai fasali da siffofi iri iri
Sashe na 2. Siffofin bishiyun bishiyoyi masu girma

A cikin Federationungiyar Rasha da ƙasashen CIS, itacen apple shine ainihin amfanin gona. Amma a cikin ƙananan gida yankuna ba shi yiwuwa a sanya fiye da bishiyoyi 1-2 saboda girman kambi mai fadi. Sabili da haka, bayyanar albarkatu masu launin coloni, samar da babban amfanin gona, mamaye karamin yanki, jawo hankalin masu lambu. A lokaci guda, akwai samfurori waɗanda bishiyar apple applear columnar ba su samar da amfanin gona da ake tsammanin ba, 'ya'yan itacen sunada ƙanana da rashin sa'a, kuma haɓakawar iska, suna haifar da gefen gefen, ba kamar layin da aka yada tare da apples ba. Wataƙila, an keta fasahar aikin gona, wanda a cikin farkon farkon buƙatar madaidaiciyar aiwatar da duk hanyoyin kulawa da aka bayar, musamman a ciyarwa, shayarwa, girbi da girbin amfanin gona.

Itacen apple mai siffa mai launi "Sonata".

Matsayi da ƙasa bukatun

Ganin rashin ci gaba mara kyau na tushen wannan nau'in bishiyoyin apple, suna buƙatar ƙarancin ƙasa mai ƙarfin danshi, ruwa-da numfashi. A kan yumɓu mai yumɓu masu nauyi, malalewa mai kyau a cikin ramin dasawa wajibi ne. A ƙarƙashin lambun iri daban-daban na columnar, ya fi kyau zaɓi wani yanki tare da babban abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa (aƙalla 2 m daga farfajiyar ƙasa). Itatuwan Apple ba sa son inuwa kuma ba za su iya tsayar da iska mai ƙarfi na iska ba, saboda haka, shafin ya kamata ya yi rana kuma a kiyaye shi daga manyan hanyoyin iska.

Wannan lokaci da dokokin dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyin columnar

Doka don siyan wiwi

Babban aikin dasa bishiyoyi na itatuwan apple masu launi ana kunna su ta hanyar dasa kayan. Sabili da haka, an fi sayo seedlings a cikin cibiyar lambu ko gandun daji. Lokacin sayen a kasuwa, kuma musamman akan babbar hanya, ana iya siyar da seedlings na nau'in bazara maimakon nau'in kaka, za a iya maye gurbin nau'ikan wata ta wata ko ma amfanin gona daban (alal misali, pear). Don kada a yaudare ku kuma sami kayan dasa kayan inganci, bi dokoki masu zuwa.

Samu seedlings tare da alamaa kan abin da sa shekaru da shekarun seedling aka rubuta. Tambayi mai siyarwa don rakiyar da aka rubuta, wanda ke nuna lokacin kariya, lokacin fruiting, hardwar hunturu, juriya daga cututtuka da kwari, sauran bayanai.
Seedlings sayar da tare da bude ko rufe tsarin tsarin. Idan ka sayi seedlings kai tsaye a cikin gandun daji, yana da kyau a saya tare da tsarin rufewar. Irin waɗannan seedlings suna da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye kafin dasa shuki da ƙari mai girma na rayuwa yayin dasa akai-akai. Kula da akwati. Ko seedling ya girma a ciki ko an dasa shi kafin sayarwa. An dasa seedling cikin akwati kafin siyarwa mai sauƙi don cirewa daga ƙarshen kuma maiyuwa bazai ɗauki tushe ba.
Kuna iya tambaya idan kun tono seedling na zaɓaɓɓen iri-iri kuma a hankali bincika shi. Bai kamata da lalacewar injin din da tushe ba. Na ƙarshen bai kamata ya yi sagging a tsakiya da kuma a kaikaice asalinsu ba.
Duba allurar. Ganin rashin ƙyamar scion da stock, maganin na iya lalacewa. Kula da hannun jari. Don bishiyoyin apple masu launi, ana amfani da nau'ikan hannun jari 2 na Paradizu Belorusskaya (PB-4) don yankuna na Kudancin da Malysh Budakovsky don yankin tsakiyar Tarayyar Rasha. Sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan hannun jari ta launi na haushi: a cikin PB-4 yawanci haske ne mai launin kore kusan fitila mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi, a cikin na biyu shi mai launin ja-ja. Sauran tushen ba za su tabbatar da dwarfism na apple apple columnar da sauran siffofin nazarin halittu na ginshikan.
Idan ka sayi tsire-tsire da aka shirya don sayarwa, duba tushen tsarin. Tushen ya zama na roba, ba tare da sagging da bumps. Lokacin da aka cire bakin haushi daga tushe, nama yakamata ya zama fari, m. Ba a bushe ɗan itacen haushi, an cire ganye.
Yana da kyau ka sayi seedlings shekara. Ba su da rassa. Kara shine yawanci 60-70 cm tsawo tare da kodan 5-6.
Lokacin hawa zuwa wurin saukowa kuma kafin dasa shuki, Tushen dole ya kasance m. Dole ne su kasance a nannade cikin m burlap da fim. Kafin disembarking, tsoma a cikin guga tare da tushe ko wata tushen karfafawa na dare.

Saukowa rami shiri

Saukowa rami rami ne mafi kyau a fall bisa ga makirci a cikin shigarwar diary. Nisa tsakanin layuka shine aƙalla 1.0-1.2 m, a jere tsakanin bishiyoyi (dangane da matsakaicin yanayin amfanin gonar) 0.4-0.6 m. Matsakaicin girman ramin saiti shine 50x50x50, 60-70x60-70x50 cm, kuma ƙarshen musamman ga girman tushen tsarin sayan seedling.

Itatuwan apple masu kamanni "Rondo". Ev artevos

Dasa shuki na itacen apple columnar

Don dasa shuki, ya fi dacewa don amfani da seedlingsan shekara-shekara. Suna da tushe sosai da sauri, dukda cewa suna da ƙanƙanuwa da kankama a fuskoki idan aka kwatanta da biennials. Dasa mafi kyau an yi a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe buds. Ana yin magudin ruwa daga tsakuwar tsakuwa da yashi tare da ƙarancin aƙalla cm 20-25. Theasar da aka cire daga ramin girbi dole ne a haɗe shi da humus ko takin girma da takin ma'adinin-potassium. Don bishiya ɗaya, cakuda yakamata ya ƙunshi kilogiram 4-5 na kwayoyin halitta da 80-90 g kowane ɗayan superphosphate da potassium sulfate. An ƙara gilashin itace ash a cakuda kuma an cakuda shi sosai.

Mun shigar da akwati na cikin seedling a cikin rami tsantsa, daidaita madaidaiciya Tushen, tuƙa a cikin tallafi. Tsarin tushen yakamata ya kasance a cikin rami cikin yardar rai ba tare da an lalata tushen sa ba. Mun fara biyan bukatun daga wuraren da babu komai, muna matsa kusa da seedling. Bayar da rauni na maganin, yi hankali da hankali. Bayan cika rami zuwa tsakiya, ɗauka da sauƙi a cikin ƙasa kuma cika bulo na ruwa 0.5 ba sanyi daga titi ba, amma ya fi ƙarfin zazzabi. Bayan ya bushe, bincika wurin da maganin yake kusa da gefen ramin dasawa. Alurar rigakafin ya kamata ya tashi daga santimita 2-3 a sama da ƙasa.Idan aka haƙa maganin, Tushen scion na iya fara ci gaba a cikin yanayi mai wahala. A ƙarshe mun cika ramin, mu haɗa ƙasa kusa da tushe kuma mu ɗaure zirin a cikin tallafi tare da babban kintinkiri ta hanyar adon takwas. Muna yin rami kusa da gangar jikin seedling tare da bangarorin ba su fi 2-3 cm ba kuma ƙara ruwa. Ga kowane seedling, yawan ruwa shine bulo 1-2, gwargwadon shekarun seedling. Bayan dasa, an ciyawar da ƙasa. Don hunturu, an cire ciyawa.

Apple mai siffa mai kankara. Rika Erika Stardig

Kulawa da Itace Apple Tumbin-Girma Mai Shuka Bayan Shuka

Kulawar dasa shuki don bishiyoyin apple mai kamanni sun hada da:

saman miya
ban ruwa
pruning
tsari na nauyin itaciyar lokacin fure,
kariya daga cututtuka da kwari,
Girbi
kariya ta hunturu.

Ciyar da abinci

Ganin yadda ake daga tushen tushen bishiyoyin apple mai kama da mulkin mallaka, yana da kyau a sanya kayan miya a saman tsari a farfajiyar ƙasa tare da ƙaramin digo a cikin saman cm cm da ruwa mai biyo baya ba tare da matsi na jirgin ba. A lokacin girma, ana yin manyan riguna uku.

A kan kasa mai narkewa a lokacin ciyarwa na farko, zaku iya iyakance kanku ga gabatarwar nitroammophoska mai watsawa a farkon ganyen ganye a farashi na kashi 50-60 g / itace. A cikin shekarar farko, ana yin miya mafi girma wata guda bayan dasa shuki. An sake yin sutura ta biyu bayan sati 3-4 da na uku bayan wani sati 3-4. Madadin nitroammophoski, ana iya amfani da maganin urea don ciyarwa. Rage cokali 2-3 na taki a cikin 10 l na ruwa kuma ƙara 2-3 l / itace a ƙarƙashin tushe, bishi da mulching. A karshen watan Yuli, an kammala kayan miya.

A kasa mai lalacewa, ana fara yin miya ta farko da humus. Suna ƙara buckets 2-3 na balagagge humus ko takin tare da kewaye kambi, ruwa da ciyawa. Ana yin riguna na biyu a cikin lokacin fure tare da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium, ta amfani da 80 g na superphosphate da 50 g na sulfate ko potassium chloride a ƙarƙashin itace 1. Ana iya maye gurbinsu da 250-300 g na urea ko guga na 0.5 na slurry. An rarraba riguna na uku a cikin aikace-aikacen 2. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, urea ko nitonium nitrate (30 g / itace a cikin hanyar mafita) an ƙara sake kuma bayan makonni 2 an haɗa ƙwayar phosphorus-potassium (25 g na potassium da 40-50 g na superphosphate) ko takaddun hadaddun bisa ga shawarwarin.

Itacen apple mai siffar-launi "Maloni-Sally". Ube lubera

Tuna! Bayan kowane aikace-aikacen takin, shayarwa da mulching wajibi ne.

Baya ga allurai da aka bada shawarar takin, za a iya watsa gilashin 1-2 na ash a kusa da kewaye kambi. Samun ƙananan tsarin tushen, bishiyoyin apple suna ba da amsa sosai ga ciyar da foliar tare da maganin microelement, kayan ado na ganyayyaki, sodium humate, da kayayyakin nazarin halittu. A karshen watan Yuli, an ciyar da dukkan abinci.

Tsarin ciyarwa na sama baya nuna duk hanyoyi, amma shawarwari ne na fara yan lambu. A kowane yanayi, kashi, lokacin da nau'in takin zai bambanta. Amma lokacin ciyarwa, kuna buƙatar bin dokar:

a cikin bazara, kasar gona cike take da takin mai magani na nitrogen don ingantacciyar ci gaba na kayan ganye,
a lokacin budding samar da abubuwan da ke da alhakin haifar da amfanin gona (phosphorus, potassium, abubuwan gano),
a farkon 'ya'yan itace wuri - abun da ke ciki wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban taro da kuma ɗanɗano dandano. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don gabatar da takin nitrogen kadan, babban takin shine takin phosphorus-potassium, ana amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na foliar.

Watering Apple siffar-dimbin yawa

Watering yana ƙayyade ruwan juji na ɓangaren litattafan almara, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa itacen ya sami isasshen danshi a duk lokacin girma. Don ɗaukar ruwa guda ɗaya, kafa kananan tarnaƙi (ba fiye da 2 cm ba) don riƙe danshi. Yi amfani da buhun ruwa akalla 1-2 ga kowane itacen apple, bayan ya sha, mulmuka ƙasa. Ana buƙatar gwargwadon ban ruwa na yau da kullun ta hanyar bushewar ƙasa. Tare da bushe bushe 4-5 cm daga ƙasa ƙasa, yin wanka na yau da kullun wajibi ne. Idan akwai tsarin ban ruwa, ana shayar da lambun tare da furrows tsakanin layuka. A cikin yanayin bushewa, al'adar ta amsa da kyau ga yayyafawa, wanda aka yi da safe ko da yamma bayan faɗuwar rana. A kan kasa mai haske, ana yin shayarwa sau 2-3 a mako.

Loadaukar nauyin itacen apple mai siffar kansa

Domin ɗan itacen girma ya samar da isasshen amfanin gona, yana buƙatar lokaci don shirya don fruiting na yau da kullun. Da wuri babban nauyi (shekaru 1-2) zai sa bishiyar ta yi rauni. Sabili da haka, ƙwararrun 'yan lambu a farkon farkon fure ya cire dukkanin ƙwayoyin, suna barin 1-2 don ganin abin da' ya'yan itatuwa na gaba zasu kasance (a siffar, launi, dandano, ƙanshi). A shekara mai zuwa, ana cire rabin bouquets, kuma a cikin kowace bouquet ɗin an bar su, bayan sun kai 1-2 cm a diamita, ovaries 1-2. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana aiwatar da 2 thinning a cikin haɗin 'ya'yan itace: lokacin fure da kuma lokacin ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin ovaries. A farkon bakin ciki, akwai karin sau 2 sau da yawa fiye da adadin amfanin gona na gaba. Lokacin da bouquets ƙulla 'ya'yan itacen, thinning ne da za'ayi sake, barin ba fãce 2 ovaries. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, kuma itacen kanta ba ya fama da wahala. Saitin amfanin gona da wannan samuwar shine shekara shekara. Idan nauyin ya yi nauyi, apples ɗin suna ƙarami, sau da yawa ba ya ɗanɗano, kuma yana ɗan lokaci lokaci (bayan shekara ɗaya).

Ganyen itacen apple

Gaskiya itacen apple na columnar gaskiya yana girma a cikin akwati ɗaya, kusan ba ya yin harbe-harbe a kaikaice, kuma irin wannan itaciyar ba ta buƙatar pruning. Amma, wani lokacin cutar rashin jini ta faru, kuma itacen ɓawon itacen yana buɗe rassan gefensa. A wannan yanayin, don kula da siffar mallaka, ana amfani da pruning a cikin ɗayan hanyoyi 2:

Ana cire rasunan 2 ta hanyar fure 2, farawa daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar itacen apple,
samar da kambi a cikin rassan 2-3 (candelabrum).

Apple mai siffa mai kankara. Rin Erin

Hanyar 1 cropping

Itatuwan apple masu kamannin mulkin mallaka, saboda ƙarancin adadin rassa masu rassa, sa amfanin gona akan gindin tsakiyar. Rassa na Lateral ya karyata daidaitaccen siffar itacen topoliform kuma ya ɗauki ɓangarorin abubuwan gina jiki don ci gaban su. Sabili da haka, fara daga farkon bazara, dole ne a yanke rassan a kaikaice (idan akwai) a cikin buds 2. Da kaka, suna kafa rassa 2 zuwa 20-30 cm.Guga mai zuwa, harbin tsakiya da babba ba sa taɓawa. Zai zama ci gaba da gangar jikin a gaba. Abubuwan da ke fitowa daga gefen ƙananan ƙananan, waɗanda ke ci gaba, an cire curves, kuma waɗanda aka haɓaka na yau da kullun ana jagoranta zuwa sama, a yanke - ɗaya ta 2 buds, na biyu kuma hagu don fruiting, rage zuwa 30-35 cm. Bayan cire amfanin gona, an yanke wannan reshen gaba gaba. A shekara ta uku a cikin bazara, an yanke babba (ba tsakiya) daga 25 cm daga akwati na tsakiya. Inanann alluna na ƙarshen shekara da suka shuɗe ana fitar da su, ana cire manyan abubuwa, kuma masu ƙarfi suna gajarta 2 buds. Angare na harbe har zuwa 40 cm tsayi an bar su don fruiting. Iyakance ci gaban shafin har tsawon shekaru 5-6. Duk shekaru masu zuwa, cire harbe marasa amfani, harbe mai rauni, fitar da bakin ciki, barin waɗancan a tsaye, bishara ta hanyar 2 buds. A lokacin bazara, tsunkule harbe tare da ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi, amma ragewa ta ƙarshe ana aiwatar da ita kawai a cikin bazara har sai furannin sun buɗe.

Hanyar 2 cropping

Hanyar ƙirƙirar shafi mai siffar candelabrum ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin yankuna tare da lokacin sanyi lokacin da ƙwayar tsakiyar ta mutu. A wannan yanayin, an samar da hannayen riga 'ya'yan itace 1-2 daga harbe a kaikaice mai ƙarfi. Halittar yana farawa lokacin da harbe yakai cm 20 a tsayi. Kowane, a gaskiya, a nan gaba wani yanki daban. A cikin tsayi, su kusan ba su wuce tsakiyar akwati ba. Hakanan suna kama da akwati na tsakiya, suna yankan gefunan gefe zuwa 2 buds. Madadin ɗaya, ana samun gangar jikin mutum 2-3 a kan kara guda (candelabrum).

Kariya daga cututtuka da kwari

Itatuwan apple mai siffa mai kwarjini suna da matukar kariya daga lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtuka musamman. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru na Epiphytotic, mamayewa mai yawa na aphids, kwari na buds da gwoza na fure na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewar amfanin gona. Matakan kariya iri daya ne kamar yadda ake yayatawa a cikin apple. Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanan rigakafin da hanyoyin kariya a cikin labarin “Maganar bazara ta gona daga kwari”

Wasu tsire-tsire masu kashe kwari suna kare bishiyun apple da kyau daga kwari. Za su yi ado da lambun kuma su kawar da wasu kwari na marigold, dill, lemun tsami, da calendula.

Kariya daga itatuwan apple masu launi a cikin hunturu

A cikin itatuwan apple masu siffa masu mulkin mallaka, toho mai sanyi a kan tsakiyar ƙila zai iya wahala a lokacin hunturu daskarewa. Don hana wannan faruwa, an rufe itacen bishiyar da yadudduka da dama na kayan yaji, burlap, da sauran kayan dumama.

Daga kunar rana a jiki, tushe daga itacen apple na columnar an yaɗa shi da farin ciki alli tare da ƙari da yumɓu, jan karfe ko wasu ƙwayoyi. Kuna iya yin farawa tare da bayani na musamman na ruɓaɓɓen ruwa don amfanin gona na kayan lambu. Wannan shine cakuda da aka gama. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin ƙari. Daga ƙwayoyin hunturu (mice, hares), tushe yana ware tare da sarkar netting ta hanyar tono shi 2-3 cm a cikin ƙasa (yi hankali kar a lalata tushen). A cikin hunturu, bayan kowace dusar ƙanƙara, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa daskararren dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da akwati (daga ƙwaƙwalwar motsi kamar-itace). Tushen tsarin bishiyoyin apple columnar ya kasance mai rauni ne, sabili da haka, dusar ƙanƙara mai damewa, kada ku jingina kan daukacin taro, zaku iya lalata asalin sa.

Itatuwan apple masu dimbin yawa. Ade spadeandtrowel

Girbi

Girbi ba shi da wahala, tunda tsayin bishiyun apple columnar baya buƙatar na'urori na musamman. Ana tsabtacewa bisa ga aji. Girbin kai tsaye bayan an sanya bulkhead a cikin ajiya (ginshiki, cellar) a cikin kananan kwantena, akwatuna da sauran kwantena. Don ajiyar lokacin sanyi, mafi yawan zafin jiki shine + 2 ... + 3 ° C. Ana amfani da ire-iren rayuwa tare da gajeriyar rayuwar shiryayye don sarrafawa (juices, compotes, jams, da sauransu).