Fuchsia wani yanki ne wanda yake wani ɓangare na dangin Cypriot kuma ya haɗa da kusan nau'ikan ɗari. Sunan ya fito ne daga sunan masanin kimiyyar Jamus Fuchs. A cikin daji, fure ya girma akan yankin na Amurka.
Babban bayani
Fuchsia sune bushes ko bishiyoyi. Ganyayyaki suna akasin haka kuma an sanya su a cikin whorls, siffar ganye tana da kyau, siffar gefuna na ganye na iya bambanta.
Furanni masu kama da tubules, yawanci fari ne ko ja, masu launuka ne da ba biyu ba. Zai yuwu a yi girma biyu mai kyau da kuma itaciyar itace. Abin farin ciki ne cewa wannan shuka ba mai guba ba ce, 'ya'yan itaciyar kuma ba su da matsala. Bari muyi magana game da wasu nau'ikan fuchsia:
Iri da nau'in fuchsia
Fuchsia trefoil ƙaramin daji kaɗan fiye da rabin mita. Rassan da kyau, yana da rassa. Ganyen tattara a cikin guda guda, zagaye, serrated. Furanni ƙananan ƙananan ja mai haske.
Fuchsia m daji tare da mai tushe na wani launin ruwan hoda. Yana girma zuwa mita. Inflorescences kamar karrarawa ne.
Haihuwar Fuchsia tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in sun sha bamban sosai, tunda ana ɗaukar su ta hanyar maye daga wasu nau'in halittu. Daga cikinsu akwai gida da lambuna, launuka iri-iri da girma.
Fuchsia tana da haske ya girma zuwa mita biyu. Rassan karfi, yana da manyan ganye, oval a form. Furanni na tabarau masu launin ja.
Fuchsia Bolivian yawanci baya wuce tsawon mita. Kyakkyawan babban ganye yana da sihiri mai kyau tare da iyakar ƙarshen.
Fuchsia Magellanic, wasu sunaye sune fuchsia masu launuka masu kyau da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma a cikin daji har zuwa mita biyar. Rassan suna da kadan an rufe shi da Fluff purple. Ganyayyaki yana girma cikin kungiyoyi, yana da sifa mai zagaye, gefuna suna ɗan ja kaɗan. Furannin suna furannin fure ne, na iya girma ɗaya a lokaci guda, kuma yana iya samar da inflorescences.
Fuchsia namowa da kulawa a gida
Kula da fuchsia ba mai wahala bane kuma yana da sauƙi mutum ya shuka wannan tsiro koda da mai lambu mai novice. Wannan fure yana buƙatar haske mai yalwataccen haske. Haske kai tsaye na iya faɗuwa kai tsaye a kan shuka kawai da safe da yamma. Don kada furanni ya ƙone, zaku iya rufe shi da takarda ko zane mai haske.
A lokacin bazara, yana da kyau a ɗauki fuchsia zuwa iska mai-kyau, amma ana yin wannan ba tare da sauri ba, saboda daji ya zama sabon yanayi. Lokacin da kuka sanya fuchsia a cikin yadi, tabbatar cewa ba ruwan sama ba kuma ba zana taɗa shi ba.
Domin fuchsia ta gina ɗakinta na kore sosai, zazzabi kada ta kasance ƙasa da 20 ° C, a cikin hunturu ana buƙatar ragewa zuwa 5 ° C, amma ba ƙarami ba. A cikin hunturu, fure shima yana buƙatar haske mai yawa.
Fuchsia ruwa
Fuchsia yana buƙatar shayar da ruwa mai taushi a zazzabi a ɗakin. Watering ne da za'ayi da zaran saman ball na ƙasa ta bushe. Daga farkon kaka, yawan ruwa yana fara raguwa kuma a ƙarshen sa ya daina tsayawa gabaɗaya. A cikin hunturu, yawan ruwa yayi matukar wuya, amma idan zazzabi ya wuce 10 ° C, to ya zama mafi yawan lokuta.
Wani aikin da ake buƙata shi ne fesawa. A gare ta, anyi amfani da ruwa mai laushi. A cikin bazara, spraying fara yin sau da yawa, kuma a cikin hunturu an tsaya.
Takin Fuchsia
Daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa kaka, wannan ciyawa tana buƙatar miya babba, wanda yakamata a yi kowace rana ta 15-20. Suna amfani da takin zamani na ma'adinai na waɗannan dalilai. A cikin hunturu, ba a buƙatar takin mai magani ba.
Idan kuna kulawa da kyau don fuchsia, to, zai iya yin fure da kyau har ma ya ba da 'ya'ya. Dole ne a cire furanni masu rauni don kada su dauki ƙarfi daga shuka.
Lokacin da fuchsia fure, kada ku murɗa tukunya kuma kada ku sa ta, saboda wannan yana haifar da furanni.
Fuchsia pruning
Don haɓaka fure da inganta bayyanar tsirar, kuna buƙatar datsa shi. Don haka, tsohuwar mai tushe tana buƙatar yanke, da matasa yanke da tsunkule. Aikata wadannan ayyuka yayin gina taro.
Don ƙirƙirar itace, kuna buƙatar yin goyan baya ga tushe na fuchsia, kuma yanke duk harbe-harbe na gefen. An kuma sare saman bishiyar. Bugu da ari, bayan cigaban rassa da dama, sai suka samar da kambi da ake so.
Fuchsia dasawa
Ya kamata a juye fuchsia kowace shekara a farkon bazara. Kafin a fara aiki, tsoffin rassan suna taqaitaccen kuma an rage girman rhizome kaɗan. Idan kuna da kallon kwalliya, to ba kwa buƙatar yanke harbe.
Don dasawa, ana ɗaukar ƙasa mai ƙarancin acid, wanda za'a iya yi ta hanyar haɗa sassan 3 na ƙasa mai yankewa, sassan 2 yashi da peat ɗaya. Hakanan kuna buƙatar yin magudanar ruwa.
Fuchsia daga tsaba a gida
Fuchsia za a iya yaduwa ta amfani da tsaba ko cuttings.
Don hanyar farko, ana buƙatar fara shuka tsaba da farko. Idan kun dauki fure daga wasu nau'ikan, zaku iya ƙirƙirar matasan.
Wajibi ne a shuka iri a cikin Fabrairu, ta amfani da ƙasa mai amfani da haske da abinci mai gina jiki don wannan. Kafin shuka, dole ne a kula da ƙasa tare da mafitar manganese. Tsaba suna sauƙaƙawa a saman ƙasa, danna dan kadan gare su.
Na gaba, akwati ya kamata a rufe shi da fim kuma a kiyaye shi da wuta kuma a cikin haske. Ana buƙatar zafin jiki a kusa da 22 ° C, amma idan kuna da yanayin jure sanyi, to 18 ° C ya ishe shi. Kula da cewa rana ba ta yin haske kai tsaye a kan tsaba kuma sai kawai hasken iska ya shiga.
Kawo zuriyar daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma ta fesa ƙasa.
Tare da isowar seedlings, za a buƙatar a tayar da fim don samun iska sau da yawa, sannan a cire gaba ɗaya.
Tare da zuwan zanen gado biyu ko uku, kuna buƙatar nutsar da matasa fuchsias cikin kwantena daban. Ya kamata a yayyafa tsire-tsire matasa tare da hadi tare da takin ma'adinan hadaddun kowane kwana 15.
Fuchsia yaduwa ta hanyar yanke
Lokacin da ake yada fuchsia ta hanyar yanke, yana da muhimmanci don shirya tsintsiyawan kimanin santimita bakwai. An sanya su cikin ruwa ko ƙura mai yashi don samo asalinsu. Wannan tsari zai ɗauki kwanaki 20-30. Bugu da ari, kayan ana dasa su da dama a tukunya daban a cikin kasar daga humus, yashi, ganye da garin sod - duk iri daya ne.
Hakanan, fuchsia za a iya yaduwa har ma da jigon lignified. Don yin wannan, sanya incion a cikin da'irar kewaye da reshe kuma kunsa shi tare da fim na crushed rigar peat, wanda aka moistened lokaci zuwa lokaci. Lokacin da tushen ya fito daga ƙarƙashin fim, zai yuwu a yanke reshe a ƙasa da zobe kuma dasa shi a cikin ƙasa don ƙarin ci gaba.
Fuchsia ganye yaduwa
Don wannan hanyar, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar babban ganye tare da petiole da wani ɓangare na tushe tare da toho na axillary. Don tushen shi, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa daga sassan biyu na sphagnum, vermiculite uku da peat ɗaya.
An sanya takardar a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata ya zama a hankali, ba lallai ba ne don amfani da abin da ke cikin. Rufe kayan tare da gilashi don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse. Wani lokacin bar iska da ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Bayan sati biyu zuwa uku, sai rooting zai ƙare kuma bankin zai buƙaci a bar shi da daddare. Bayan wani kwanaki na 15, za a iya dasa shuki a cikin kwantena daban don ci gaba.
Cutar da kwari
- Fuchsia ba ta da lafiya da wahala, amma matsaloli na iya tashi tare da ita. Misali, inji zai ji dadi idan dakin yana da iska mai tsauri. Fuchsia tana matukar son daskararru, amma kuma mai da hankali ga kantunan.
- Lokacin da fure na fuchsia ta ƙare da sauri, kula da shayarwa da yawan zafin jiki wanda shuka tayi gurnani, saboda ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar yawan ruwa sosai ko zazzabi mai sanyin sanyi. Hakanan, wannan yana faruwa saboda rashin haske da ruwa a cikin bazara da bazara.
- Idan a cikin hunturu wannan shuka yana tsaye a cikin haske, to, wataƙila zai sauke ganye. A wannan lokacin, ana iya sake shirya shi a wani wuri mai inuwa. Idan buds sun bayyana a cikin hunturu, to suna buƙatar a cire shi.
- A wasu lokuta, lalacewar ganye tana da alaƙa da ƙarancin zafi da rashin wadataccen danshi, da kuma yawan zafin jiki na sultry.
- Faduwa tazo ne daga karamin haske da tsananin zafi, haka kuma daga shayarwa mara iyaka.
- Tare da yawan wuce haddi, musamman a cikin hunturu, fuchsia fara fama da tabo wanda ya shafi ganye.
- Sanadin faduwar budurwa shine mafi yuwuwar kasancewar motsin fuchsia yayin fure ko magudanar ruwa.
- Hakanan kwari zasu iya shafar wannan tsiron. Mafi na kowa daga cikin waɗannan sune fararen fata da kuma ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.
