Menene masu cin ganyayyaki kawai?

Wanda ya fara cin ganyayyaki na farko shine Alexander Vasilievich Ivanov ya samar da kayan cin ganyayyaki na farko a karni na karshe. An tabbatar da ingancin wannan ganyayyaki, har ma da aka buga wani littafi wanda yake bayani dalla-dalla yadda aka tsara da kuma duk fa'idodin amfaninsa. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasarmu, wannan, babu shakka nasara, aikin, alas, ba a karɓa ba.

To menene mai cin ganyayyaki kawai, menene nasa fa'ida, shin yana da aibu kuma yaya mai cin ganyayyaki ya bambanta da girmar kore - zamuyi kokarin gaya muku gwargwadon damar a wannan labarin.

Matsaloli a cikin gidajen kore waɗanda tsire-tsire ba su da shi

Bari mu fara da tattaunawa game da fursunoni da matsaloli na daidaitaccen gidan gona kuma muyi magana game da yadda ake warware waɗannan matsalolin a cikin veggie. Don haka menene ɗanyen kore? Gaskiya ne, wannan tsari ne mai kyau ko gable, an rufe shi da gilashi, fim ko polycarbonate tare da ƙasa a gindi. Wannan yawanci duk, kodayake akwai sanduna da dumama.

Menene raunin da ake samu a cikin gidajen matattara: babban rashi shine babbar asarar kuzarin rana, musamman a waɗancan lokutan na shekarar da rana tayi ƙasa - wannan bazara ce, kaka, damuna, haka kuma a safiya da yamma. A wannan lokacin, greenhouse na iya yin tunani har zuwa 70% (!) Na makamashin hasken rana kuma bari a cikin 20 ko 30% kawai.

Babbar matsala ta biyu, kuma a lokaci guda bambanci na biyu tsakanin veggie da gidan kore, shine kawai asarar wuta mai zafi ta hanyar murfin shi da kusan rashin kasancewar yiwuwar adana shi (zafi). Menene wannan yake kaiwa zuwa? Tabbas, don canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin zafin jiki yayin rana da dare, ko kuma lokacin da rana mai zafi take canzawa ba zato ba tsammani.

Matsala ta uku na greenhouse shine iska mai gudana kai tsaye, wanda kawai ya zama dole a lokacin bazara don "sake saita" zafin jiki da yalwa kuma ya wadatar da ginin a cikin iska mai kyau. Don haka, irin wannan iska, ban da zafi, shima yana fitar da carbon dioxide, wanda ya zama dole don abinci mai gina jiki, haka kuma yalwataccen ƙwayar nitrogen da danshi, wanda ruwan ganye ya ƙafe a wancan lokacin, dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar ƙwayar shinkafa akai-akai na tsire-tsire masu girma a ciki.

Ta yaya ake magance wannan duka?

Mai cin ganyayyaki yana kulawa da matsala ta farko saboda godiya ta musamman ga ƙirar ta. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya 'yan kayan lambu a kan gangara, tare da tsayi na 14-16 zuwa digiri 18-19, kuma gangara na iya zama ko dai daga asalin halitta ne ko kuma an yi shi da wucin gadi. Sakamakon ya kamata ya zama mai karkata zuwa karkarar kudu ko kudu maso gabas. Furtherarin gaba - rufin, an sanya shi ɗakin kwana, ba mai rarrafewa ko katako ba, kamar greenhouse, kuma an rufe shi da polycarbonate, tunda yana riƙe da zafi fiye da sauran kayan. A sakamakon haka, haskoki na rana kusan a koyaushe suna faɗuwa sosai kuma ƙanshinsu ba ƙarami bane.

Idan muka kwatanta kirkirar kayan lambu da kuma wani gidan gona mara kyau, ya zama cewa yawan cin ganyayyaki ya fi wanda yake a gidan kore, aƙalla sau uku a cikin lokutan hasken rana na lokacin bazara kuma aƙalla sau 15 mafi girma - safe da yamma a lokacin kaka, bazara da damuna.

Bugu da kari, a cikin ganyayyaki, dole ne a sanya katanga guda don kasancewa, kodayake zaka iya amfani, ka faɗi, bangon gida, sauran katanga dole ne a yi su da polycarbonate. Babban bango, wani sashi wanda yake acikin ariauran, yana da kyau fenti fenti ko fenti, ko mafi kyawu da glued tare da zane mai nuna haske. Wannan fim (fenti, fararen fata) zai yi aiki kamar mai tunani kuma zai iya yin tasiri musamman idan rana ta yi kasa a sama, watau da safe, yamma da kuma lokacin hunturu. Da alama mara nauyi, amma wannan karamar kusan tana iya ninka adadin hasken rana da yake yiwa ƙasa a wannan lokacin.

Kuma ta yaya ake magance matsaloli na biyu da na uku? An warware su godiya ga tsarin rufe iska da musayar zafi. Don yin wannan, a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin ganyayyaki a zurfin santimita talatin, kusan rabin mita daga juna, kuna buƙatar shimfida filastik tare da veggie (daga arewa zuwa gefen kudu na ciyayi). Endsarshen ƙarshen waɗannan bututu dole ne a kawo su saman kuma an rufe shi da filastik ko raga don kada tarkace da ya shiga bututun. A ƙarshen ƙarshen shambura (gefen arewa) dole ne a haɗa shi zuwa mai tara kaya wanda ke cikin juyawa. Ya kamata bututun da ke tsaye ya tashi daga mai tattara, wato, ragunan da za a iya sawa a babban bangon ganyayyaki. Wannan bututun, wato, riser, dole ne ya hau rufin, duk da haka, ba kai tsaye ba, amma bayan wucewa ta ɗakunan gyara. Wannan kyamarar ya kamata ya buɗe a cikin gidan kore a tsayin murabba'in mita ɗaya da rabi. Wannan kyamarar tana iyakance ga masu rufewa waɗanda ke a sama da ƙasa, kuma mafita zuwa kore tana ƙare da mai fan.

A lokacin bazara, ta amfani da alli na yau da kullun, wanda ana iya amfani da shi don ƙawata rufin, kuma ana biyan fanfilin gida na al'ada da ƙarfin dozin guda biyu, bututu biyu tare da diamita na kusan santimita goma. A cikin yanayin yayin da akwai ƙarin bututu a cikin veggie, ya zama dole a sanya ƙarin masu tayar da hankali kuma a kawo su tare da magoya ko kuma a yi ɗakin babban ɗakin gyare-gyare a cikin abin da zai shigar da waɗannan bututu, amma kawo ɗaya a saman.

Irin wannan kayan aikin 'ya'yan itace na ganye ya kamata ya samar da babban zazzabi a gida, koda kuwa daskarewa ne a waje. Misali, a zazzabi na -10 digiri a cikin veggie ya kamata ya kasance mai dumin yanayi kuma zazzabi ya isa digiri 17-19 sama da sifilin. A lokaci guda, babban murfin ɗakin dole ne a rufe, mai ƙwanƙwasa zai ɗauki iska cikin bututun kuma ya tura shi sama da ƙasa, kuma iska za ta canza zafi zuwa ƙasa, yana ratsa ta. A iska, wanda a lokaci guda cools saukar, fara da za a ja da baya a cikin greenhouse da kuma mai tsanani sake. A lokacin rana, saboda irin wannan yaduwar iska, yakamata ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 25 ko sama da haka, kuma a zahiri, ƙasa ce zata taka rawar tara mai zafi, wanda (kamar yadda aka tsara) yakamata ya isa tsawon daren duka. A dare, mai fan zai juya da hura zafi daga ƙasa zuwa sararin sama na veggie ta hanyar dumama iska a cikin gidan kore.

A wata ma'ana, komai na iya zama kamar rikitarwa da rikitarwa, amma a zahiri komai komai yakasance, bari muyi kokarin tsara abubuwa kuma muyi magana game da tsarin veggie domin tsari.

Don haka, bari mu fara da duba. A zahiri, ya yi kama da matsakaicin shinge na bango na yau da kullun, wanda akwai su da yawa, kuma ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin shirye-shiryen lambun. Bambanci tsakanin gidan kore da veggie yana farawa a ciki. Godiya ga ƙirar musamman na ganyayyaki, a haɗe tare da yaduwar iska ta musamman da muka yi magana game da shi, baya buƙatar ƙarin dumama lokacin da zafin jiki a bayan taga ya sauka zuwa digiri goma a ƙasa da sifiri, i.e. kusa da bazara. A wannan zafin jiki, a wajen veggie, zazzabi, kamar yadda aka tsara, yakamata yakai kimanin dozin dozin sama da sifiri. Dangane da haka, lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka a waje, a cikin veggie, zazzabi zai kuma raguwa.

Na gaba shine tsarin motsa iska na musamman, wanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar iska a cikin yanayin da muka saba. Don haka, kamar yadda muka nuna, mai cin ganyayyaki ba zai rasa danshi, nitrogen da carbon dioxide da suka dace don ci gaban tsiro ba, kuma da wuya ya shayar da tsirrai a cikin mai cin ganyayyaki kawai.

Da wannan ya bayyana a sarari, muna matsawa zuwa gadajen cin ganyayyaki kawai. Su a cikin wannan ginin, ba kamar kore ba, suna kan matakan, a hankali suna tashi daga kudu zuwa arewa. Ana iya gina gadaje na tubalin, allon katako ko zanen ƙarfe. Wannan tsari ne na gadaje da ba zai bada izinin tsirrai su rikitar da junan su ba. A waje, wannan ya yi kama da tsarin wuraren zama a cikin sinima, inda kowane layi mai zuwa ya fi na baya, saboda haka, masu kallo ba sa tsoma baki da juna, kuma a cikin ciyayi - tsire-tsire (sami hasken rana da haske). Bugu da kari, irin wannan tsari na gadaje a cikin mai cin ganyayyaki yana ba ku damar rage kwalliyar rana, saboda haka, asara za ta zama kadan. Gadaje kansu sun fi kyau kunkuntar, amma hanyoyin tsakanin su an barsu sosai. Idan kun yi tsayi tsirrai, ku ce, tumatir, cucumbers da makamantan su, to kar ku manta da tsara ƙwanƙwasawa. A wannan yanayin, zai zama dole don samar da mafi nisa tsakanin gadaje don kada trellis ya haifar da inuwa, to tsawon tsirin ciyawar da kanta ya kamata ya fi girma ko gangara sama da gangara.

Tabbas, idan tsinkar sanyi ko dusar sanyi ta fara kan titi, ciyawar ba zata iya samun isasshen zafi ba, kawai ba zata sami inda za ta fito ba, don haka ana bukatar gina mashin na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin iska na veggie, ko kuma ya yuwu a yi amfani da shi ta yadda za'a iya amfani da veggie duk shekara.

Mun ambaci tsarin ban ruwa: mai cin ganyayyaki yana buƙatar ruwa kaɗan. Don tsirrai su sami isasshen yawan danshi a cikin masu cin ganyayyaki, ya zama dole don samar da yiwuwar amfani da danshi na ƙasa da danshi na iska. Tarin danshi zai taimaka wa tsarin da aka tsara musamman, wanda yake don wannan dalili. Tsari ne na bututun iska, wanda muka yi magana a sama. An sanya su a tushe kuma za a aza ƙasa a kansu nan gaba. An samar da bututu tare da ramuka a cikin ƙananan su (ƙananan sashin) da aka yi a nesa da kusan 18-22 cm daga juna. Iskar da ke gudana cikin waɗannan bututu, da farko tana ɗumi, tana haifar da samar da iskar shaka a jikin bangon waɗannan bututun. Kwayar ta shiga cikin kasar ta ramuka sannan kuma saiwojin tsirrai suke sha. Domin danshi za'a rarraba danshi yadda yakamata a kasa a karkashin bututun, ya zama dole a shimfiɗa shimfidar yumbu da farko.

Don haka, idan yaduwar iska mai zafi kullun take, to, a cewar mai kirkirar, ana bukatar karin shayarwa ga tsirrai a cikin mai cin ganyayyaki har zuwa wani kankanin yanayi, kuma zai zama tsarin dusar kankara. Baya ga tanadin ingantaccen tanadi kan danshi da kan lokacin da yawanci akan ciyar dashi akan sha, danshi wanda aka kirkira ta wannan hanyar shima ya kasance mai matukar inganci. Ruwa daga kwaroron roba bashi da gishiri, bashi da lemun tsami, wato, yana da laushi kuma, ƙari, an cika shi da ammoniya, wanda aka kirkira daga lalatawar ƙwayoyin halitta.

Kasance da cewa ban ruwa daskarewa da ake amfani da bugu da moistari da kasar gona da kuma bayar da danshi ga tsire-tsire, ya zama dole a hada da droppers kawai a lokaci lokacin da samun iska aiki. Wannan abin zamba ba zai bada izinin ƙasƙantar da iska ba. Irin wannan tsarin ban ruwa yana da babban tasiri mai amfani ga kwayoyin halittu.

Don haka, alal misali, lokacin yin ruwa a hanyar gargajiya, ita ce, ta hanyar yayyafa ko shayarwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, lokacin da ruwa ya faɗi a kan ƙasa, wani ɓangare na shi, yawanci babba ne, ya ƙafe sosai, wanda wani lokacin yakan haifar da hauhawar yawan zafi a cikin matsananciyar ruwa da kuma yawan ruwa a lokaci guda na yunwar tsarin tsirrai. . A cikin masu cin ganyayyaki, danshi yana zuwa Tushen galibi daga zurfin ƙasa, wannan yana ƙarfafa haɓaka tsarin tushen (kuma, sakamakon haka, taro mai sama, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari), baya ƙyale shi ya ƙafe, kuma ban ruwa na ruwa wani nau'in kari ne, yana samar da danshi ga ƙasa a karamin adadin kuma ba tare da haifar da karuwa ba a yanayin zafi a cikin 'yan' yan ganyayyaki.

Takaitawa, zamu iya cewa, a zahiri, mai cin ganyayyaki shine kore iri daya, amma na rufaffiyar nau'in, wani tsari ne, wanda zai baka damar tattara adadin kuzarin hasken rana, tare da tsarin iska wanda baya bada izinin fitar da ruwa da abubuwan da suke bukata don fitar da tsire-tsire daga kore zuwa waje. , kuma tare da tsarin ciyawar ƙasa, wanda, a zahiri, an gina shi ne a cikin tsarin iska, wanda kuma yake adana ruwa kuma baya bayar da gudummawa ga shigar ruwa.

Tabbas, ba kowa bane zai iya gina wannan akan rukunin yanar gizon su, kuma har ma a yanar gizo babu wata muhawara game da yuwuwar irin wannan ƙira, amma yana da kyau a bincika don tabbatarwa daga ƙwarewar ku a duk fa'idodin veggie, kuma wataƙila ku sami maɓallin. Zan so sosai in ji a cikin maganganun ku game da abin da lambu ke tunani game da wannan.