Gloxinia fure ne mai kyawu wanda yawancin mutane ke girma. Yana da launi iri-iri daidai da furen. Gloxinia sanannen suna ne, a kimiyance yana jin kamar Sinningia. Itace daga dangin Gesneriev, wanda ke da nau'ikan 60. Yi la'akari da yadda ake shuka shi daga tsaba a gida.
Mafi yawan nau'ikan
Mafi yawan yaduwar jinsuna ɗaya kawai - Sinningia kyakkyawa. Dabbobin sune asalin halittar yawancin halittu irin na zamani, wanda ke da launuka fure iri-iri.
Kuna iya siyan irin wannan fure a kusan kowane kantin furanni ko cibiyar lambun. Koyaya, ba arha bane. Amma akwai wani madadin. Can girma wannan fure mai ban mamaki daga tsaba, musamman tunda hybrids gloxinia a cikin lambun sunfi girma fiye da tsire-tsire manya.
Yana da iri-iri Gloxinia cikakke ne wanda ya kirkiro tushen da yawa daga wannan fureHaka kuma, a cikin kunshin daya za'a sami tsaba da yawa daga 3 zuwa 5, gwargwadon mai samarwa. Sabili da haka, kowa na iya zaɓar gloxinia zuwa ga yadda suke so. Kuma idan kuna son ciyar da lokaci tare da furanni, to girma gloxinia kusan cikakke ne.
Kayan lambu na yaduwar Gloxinia
Sake yin furanni ta amfani da wannan hanyar ita ce mafi sauki, haka kuma dacewa don amfani da gida. A lokacin yaduwar ciyayi, ana ɗaukar wani sashi na shuka kuma, dangane da hanyar, ana iya yada shi ta hanyar ganye, tushe mai tushe, shinge da kuma rarrabuwa na tuber.
Wannan hanyar haifarwa tana da amfani, tunda a lokacin dawowa zaka iya ganin fure. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin ɓangaren shuka ci isasshen abubuwan gina jikikazalika da macro da micronutrients.
Lokacin da aka isa wani ɓangaren jin dadi na fure, kai tsaye zai fara ƙirƙirar ƙaramin tsarin tushen kuma yayi girma. Sabili da haka, hanyar ita ce ta dace da kusan kowa da kowa, har ma don fararen lambu da kuma yan koyo.
Leaf petiole
Don wannan hanyar, ya kamata a dauki ƙananan ganye, sun fi kama da saurayi kyau. A thicker da petiole, sauri da kuma mafi kyau zai ɗauki tushe. Tunda yana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Hakanan, samuwar girman ƙwayar zai dogara da kauri daga cikin petiole.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yaduwa ta amfani da ganye na ganye.
A ruwa
Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a nutsar da petiole cikin ruwa, amma ba fiye da santimita 1-2 ba, tun da rashin isasshen iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, zai yiwu a fara yin amfani da man petiole. Don haka petiole ya kamata ya tsaya har sai ya samar da karamin tushen tsarin, to akwai buƙatar a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 2-3 santimita ba.
Lura cewa yawan yin nutsewa cikin ruwa zai haifar da lalacewar cutukan.Yana da Dole a saka idanu a hankali danshi a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda tsire-tsire matasa masu zuwa nan gaba, har yanzu kafa tushen talauci, kuma za su iya bushewa. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a rufe tukunya tare da petiole tare da jakar bayyana ko gilashi.
Wannan zai sauƙaƙe kulawa a farkon lokacin kuma ƙirƙirar microclimate mafi kyau ga shuka.
A cikin ƙasa
A hanya ta biyu, za a iya tsintsiyar petiole a cikin wani nau'in tushe mai kara kuzari (tushe, heteroauxin, da dai sauransu) ko gawayi a cikin foda kuma an shuka shi a cikin ƙasa. Tun daga sama ma hakan zai yuwu rufe da jaka ko gilashi.
Domin tushen tushe da samuwar tuber don faruwa yadda yakamata, ya zama dole a lura da yanayin zafin jiki. Zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance daga digiri 22 Celsius. Karkashin wannan dokar, petiole na iya yin tushe a farkon makonni biyu zuwa uku na farko, to ana iya cire abin.
Rufe fure tare da kunshin yana haifar da ingantaccen yanayin zafin jikiIdan kana son samun daga petiole ba ɗaya ba, amma tsire biyu, to lallai ya zama dole raba tsaka-tsaki zuwa biyu. Amma a lokaci guda, sakamakon nodules zai zama ƙarami, kodayake bayan wani lokaci za su sami ƙarar da dole, babban haƙuri.
Yadda ake girma daga tushe mai kara
Tubers na Gloxinia sun iya samar da harbe a kaikaice. Lokacin da irin waɗannan harbe suka bayyana, mafi ƙarfi an bar su kuma su fita. Irin wannan daskararren itace shine ainihin tsire daban, amma ba tare da tushen tushe ba.
Roocing ne da za'ayi su a cikin hanyar kamar ganye petioles. Tare da tushen tushen da ya dace da kulawa, ana iya cimma fure a wannan shekara.
Ganyen Leaf
Zai iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- An yanke ɗayan manyan ganye a canjin zuwa petiole. Juya ganye a ganye, kana buƙatar sanya juji akan manyan jijiyoyi. Irin wannan ganye ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi kuma ƙirƙirar zazzabi mafi kyau (+ 25) da kuma zafi mai zafi (ba ƙasa da 70% ba).
A wuraren yankan, ƙananan Tushen, sannan nodules, samar da lokaci.
- Yanke mafi girma takardar kuma raba shi kashi biyu ko uku. Yana da sauƙi a rarrabe ruwan ganye tare da jijiyoyin. Sannan ana samun sassan ganyen da aka samo a cikin ƙasa ko cakuda ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da kwantena don kula da yanayin kwanciyar hankali da zazzabi.
Don rooting na iya zama a cikin ƙasa ƙara peat, kwakwa, vermiculite ko perlite. An ƙara su don ƙasa ta numfasa, ƙirƙirar pores na girman da ake so. Soasa ce mai tauri, kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zasu iya zama a cikin ƙasa, wanda hakan na haifar da lalata ganye da yake bushewa a cikin ƙasa.
Itaciyar fure
Tare da wannan hanyar yaduwa, ana amfani da hanyar farfajiya, wanda ya riga ya lalace. Wajibi ne a yanka farfajiyar a gindi kuma a sanya shi cikin akwati da ruwa. Zurfin ciki kada ya wuce santimita 1-1.5. Itaciyar fure bazai taɓa bangon ganga ba.
Bayan an daidaita shi cikin ruwa, an kuma dasa farjin a cikin ƙasa don dacewa da duk halayeA karkashin waɗannan yanayin, furen zai iya samar da tushen, sannan kuma kuna buƙatar yi tare da shi kamar yadda yake da na ganye petiole. Sanya cikin ƙasa kuma ƙirƙirar duk yanayin zama dole.
Ya kamata a lura cewa mafi nisa daga dukkan nau'ikan halittu da nau'ikan sunadaran gloxinia sun sami haihuwa ta wannan hanyar. Saboda haka, yaduwa ta hanyar sakin layi na bukatar kwarewa da lura.
Tuber
Idan tarin furen yana da girma sosai, to ana iya rarrabu zuwa sassa da yawa, amma kuma galibi ya kasu biyu. Da ake bukata za a zama gaban m harbe a kan tuber. Aƙalla 1 irin wannan tsere dole ne ya kasance a kan rabe raben.
Tuber shiri | |
| Wurin rabuwa | Wajibi ne a yayyafa shi da foda gawayi a jira har sai ta bushe. Zuwa wannan hanyar zai dauki kwanaki 3-5 |
| Adana | A cikin wuri mai duhu a ɗakin zazzabi |
| Takaitawa da kulawa | Bayan haka, ana shuka tarin ƙwaro tare da harbi a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki. An cigaba da kulawa kamar yadda shuka ya girma. |
Yaduwar halittar - yaduwar iri
Wannan hanyar yaduwa ta shafi haɓaka daga tsaba. Ana aiwatar dashi a cikin jerin masu zuwa:
Tsarin iri
Don mafi kyawun germination, ana iya saɗa tsaba a cikin ruwa, a cikin abin da za ku iya ƙara ɗayan sanannu dasa kayan karfafa gwiwa.
Kuna iya jiƙa cikin ruwa mai ɗumi tare da zazzabi zuwa 40 digiri Celsius. Irin wannan aiki zai tausasa harsashi da zuriyar kuma zai taimaka wajan inganta ayyukan rayuwa. Tsaba bai kamata a nutsar da shi gabaɗaya cikin ruwa ba. Idan babu isashshen sunadarin oxygen, zasu iya rub da ciki da bushewa. Sabili da haka, zaku iya amfani da katako na auduga ko tilas.
Shuka
Idan kuna da phytolamp, wanda aka tsara musamman don hasken tsire-tsire, to za a iya yin shuka a cikin ƙarshen Janairu ko farkon Fabrairu. A wani lamarin kuma ana yin wannan aikin ne a cikin Maris.
Ana shuka tsaba da hannu. Tun da suna ƙanana kaɗan, suna buƙatar a shuka su a farfajiya na ƙasa. Tsaba suna girma a cikin haske. Madadin shuka shine ya kasance cikin rigar ƙasa, kuma domin inganta lambar tsaba tare da ƙasa, suna buƙatar a matse shi kaɗan. Sannan rufe tare da m jakar ko fim.
A wannan yanayin, tukunyar kuma za'a iya rufe shi da cellophane don kula da yawan zafin jiki da ake so.Ana sanya tsaba a cikin wuri mai haske da dumi. Zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin digiri 24 zuwa 25. A karkashin irin wannan yanayin, shuka iri yana farawa a cikin makonni 1.5 zuwa 2. Idan zazzabi ya zama ƙasa da tilas, to germination na iya zuwa wata daya bayan haka kuma mafi.
Zaba
Ana yin farkon gloxinia ɗin ana ɗaukar kusan wata guda bayan bayyanar ganye mai laushi (cotyledons). Mafi kyawun makirci don ɗaukar tsirrai shine 2 by 2 santimita. A kasar gona domin wannan ya zama haske da porous.
Ana ɗaukar na biyu wata daya bayan na farkolokacin da ainihin ganye ya bayyana. Idan seedlings suna da kauri, to ya kamata a dasa shi nan da nan cikin kananan tukwane daban. Tukwane masu dacewa da cacti.
Babban zaɓi don nutse na biyu - smallan tukwanen mZazzabi kada ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 20. Bayan bayyanar nau'i-nau'i da yawa na takaddara na ainihi, zaku iya dasa riga a wuri mai ɗorewa.
Domin kada ya yi tara a cikin lokaci na ganye cotyledon, tsaba suna buƙata shuka a nesa na 4 santimita ban da juna. Lokacin da nau'i-nau'i nau'i na ganye na gaskiya sun bayyana, nan da nan za'a iya dasa gloxinia a cikin babban tukunya a cikin dindindin.
Yanayi bayan shuka
Bayani mai zuwa don gloxinia ya ƙunshi lura da tsarin zafin jiki, yayin da ya zama dole don saka idanu akan yanayin ƙasa, koyaushe yana da danshi. Kada a ƙyale ƙasa ta bushe a lokacin wannan ci gaban shuka, in ba haka ba seedlings na iya mutuwa. Suna da hankali sosai.
Domin kada ya tsiro seedlings, amfanin gona ya kamata ya kasance a cikin wurin mai haske mai kyau. Partarancin iska na gloxinia a farkon farkon girma na iya nuna rashin ƙarfi, tunda tuber tsiro tare da shi, Wannan kuma dole ne a yi la'akari lokacin girma.
Moaƙƙarfan overmoistening zai haifar da fure cikin rashin lafiya tare da rot ko fusariumGanyen bai kamata ya shiga hulɗa da ƙasa ba, kuma yakamata ƙwayar ta duba kaɗan daga ciki. Watering karkashin tushen, guje wa faduwa akan ganyayyaki. Kada a cika yayyafa ƙasa kuma a guji hasken rana kai tsaye akan ganyayyakin gloxinia.
Lokacin hutawa na Gloxinia
Daya daga cikin mahimman wuraren girma na gloxinia shine lokacin hutawa na fure. Idan ba a cika babban yanayin ba, to, inji zai ba da amsa (kawai bazai yi fure ba).
Gasar cin abinci a gloxinia yana farawa ne a kusa da faduwa, bayan faduwarta. A wannan lokacin, fure yakan rage jinkirin ci gaba, ganyayyaki ya juya ya bushe. Ba a ɗaure buds ba.
Kada ku yi ƙoƙarin doke tsoro idan ganyen furanni ya faɗi - watakila tsire yana hutawaDon ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau duka, ya zama dole a datsa ganyayyaki, don haka duk rundunan fure za a kai shi ga tara yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin tukunyar, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan hunturu.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don yin wannan aikin shine tsakiyar Oktoba da farkon Nuwamba.
Wasu gloxinia waɗanda suka kai shekaru sama da shekara ba koyaushe suna son zuwa hutawa. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar taimaka wa shuka. Wajibi ne don rage adadin ruwa, sanya shuka a cikin mai sanyaya kuma dan ƙaramin wuri.
Lokacin da shuka tayi jinkirin ci gabanta, za'a iya barin ta domin ajiya. Adana tarin tsiron a ma'aunin digiri 12-16.
Tushewar Tuber
Gloxinia na iya kasancewa a hutawa daga wata 1 zuwa 5. Bayan wucewa wannan lokacin, tubersa'idodin sun fara farkawa kuma harbe suna fitowa daga gare ta. Lokacin da aka saba don farkawa gloxinia shine Fabrairu-Maris.
A kan farkawa, furanni fara sabon fureA cikin abin da ƙwayar gloxinia ba ta farka ba (alal misali, har sai Mayu), to lallai ya zama dole a yi hakan ta hanyar wucin gadi. Ya kamata a saka tarin ƙwayar fure a cikin jakar m, ta zuba ƙasa mai abinci mai gina jiki a can cikin yanayin da yake cike da ruɓa.
Ya kamata a saka jakar a inda ya isa, Bai kamata a yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.. A cikin makonni 1-2 masu zuwa, harbe-harbe matasa zasu bayyana a kan tarin fuka.
Bayan da fitsari ya farka, ana iya wanke shi a cikin mafita na potassiumgangan na kamuwa da cuta, cire tsohuwar Tushen, amma kuna buƙatar barin mahimmin cikinsu. To dasa riga a cikin ƙasa a cikin wani wurin dindindin.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ba za a iya yayyafa ƙwayar ƙasa gaba ɗaya tare da ƙasa ba, cm 1 kawai. A farko, yakamata ya zama mai matsakaici, don haka tarin ƙwayoyin ba ya juyawa.
Idan harbe da yawa suka bayyana, ana bada shawara don zaɓar mafi ƙarfi, sauran - cire don tushenIdan tuber ta kafa ba ɗaya ba amma da yawa harbe, to, zai fi kyau ka bar ƙarfi. Itatuwan zai zama ƙarami, furanni kuma sun fi girma. Yanke sprouts za a iya kafe tare da kara tushe kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
Versaunatattun galihu suna haɓaka gloxinia don samun tsire-tsire tare da kyawawan furanni kuma don ƙarin yaduwa ta amfani da hanyar ciyayi. Masu sana'a yayin girma fure na iya samun irin shukadon haka shine jagorancin zabin sa na gloxinia.
A lokaci guda, kwararru sun riga sun san dukkan sifofi da ƙananan hanyoyin girma da haifuwa kuma suna iya magance matsaloli a sauƙaƙe. Ga tsire-tsire, irin waɗannan ƙananan lokuta na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa, a gare su komai yana buƙatar yin shi ta hanyar da ta dace, kuma wani lokacin ɗan ƙara faruwa.
Girma iri ba don sabon shiga bane, saboda yana buƙatar ƙarin ilimi da ƙwarewa a cikin kulawar fureGirma daga tsaba shine ingantaccen tsari da ɗaukar lokaci fiye da lokacin da aka girma ta amfani da yaduwar ciyayi. Idan akwai tarin fitsari a wasu lokuta rage lokaci don ci gaban sababbin harbe-harbekazalika da rage yawan kulawa da shuka.
Idan fure na kusa da ku, koya game da wasu furanni. Misali, munyi magana kan yadda ake kiwon Dracaena a gida. Shuka tsaba na gloxinia yana buƙatar wasu ilimin da gwaninta. Amma idan kai mai lambun zuciya ce, to a wurinta kawai zai zama lokacin nishaɗi ne mai daɗi.
