Ciwon zuciya (Ciwan kwaro), ko montbrecia (sunan wanda aka rabu dashi), ko tritonium shine tsire-tsire na bulbous mallakar dangin iris. Cutar ƙwarya ta ƙunshi kalmomin Helenanci 2: "kroros" - "crocus" da "osme" - "ƙanshi". Gaskiyar ita ce, furanni masu bushewa na crochemia suna da ƙanshi mai kama da ƙanshin saffron (crocus). Kuma wannan itaciya an sa masa suna Montbrecia saboda girmamawa ga Bafaransheen Antoine Francois Ernest Cauber de Montbre, wanda ɗan botar ne. An fassara Tritonia daga yaren Girka a matsayin "vane weather", ana shuka wannan tsiro saboda ƙarancinsa, wanda ke da fasalin shimfidawa. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, ana iya samun irin wannan fure a kudancin Afirka. A cikin kasashen Turai, an shuka wannan tsiron ne tun karni na 19.
Siffofin Cutar Kwaro
A yau, ƙwanƙwaran al'adu itace mai kama da shukar-ciyawa, wanda ake kira talakawa. Lemoine ya kirkiro wannan tsiron ne a cikin karni na 19, inda ya haye da lalatattun zinare da gwal da Potts. An rufe farfajiyar da kananan corms tare da retina. Tsawon wannan shuka zai iya bambanta daga mita 0.4 zuwa 1. Tana da karar itace a jikin wanne faranti na filayen xiphoid ko kuma layi na layi suke. Hakanan akwai ingantaccen ƙarfi, wanda ya ba shuka irin kamannin zuwa gladiolus. A wannan batun, ana kuma kiran cosmos "jojolus na Jafananci", yayin da dole ne a girma a cikin hanyar kamar yadda gladiolus kanta. Fentin-fure mai launin shuɗi an fentin su da fararen, lemo da rawaya, kuma a zahiri za su iya kaiwa santimita 5. Dense panicle inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni 3-5. 'Ya'yan itacen akwatina ne mai zagaye.
Wannan inji yana da alaƙa da irin wannan tsiron furannin furanni kamar: iris, gladiolus, Saffron (crocus), ferraria da freesia. Mafi yawanci ana amfani da ƙwanƙwasa don yin ado na gadaje na fure, buɗe tare da tsire-tsire irin su: canna, salvia, daylily, rudbeckia da echinacea. Wannan fure shima ya dace da yankan, don haka inflorescences dinsa na iya tsayawa cikin ruwa har zuwa wani yanki.
Da ke ƙasa za a yi bayanin dalla-dalla yadda za a shuka da girma tsiro. Kuma da yawa mai amfani kuma mai matukar ban sha'awa bayani game da wannan shuka za a ba.
Girma ƙwanƙwasa daga tsaba
Shuka
Don yada jita-jita, za ku iya amfani da tsaba ko corms. Idan ka yanke shawara don fara girma daga tsaba, to, zaɓin shine a tsaya a kan hanyar seedling. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin da shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude, ba za ku iya jira seedlings. Ya kamata a shuka shuka a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu ko na farko - a cikin Maris. Nan da nan kafin shuka, da tsaba dole ne a cika da ruwa na awanni 24, yayin da ya kamata a musanya shi kowane sa'o'i 6. Sa'an nan, an shuka iri a cikin cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da peat, yashi, turf ƙasar da humus. Bayan haka akwati ya kamata a rufe shi da fim kuma a sake shirya shi a wuri mai kyau.
'Yayan itace
Ana buƙatar kulawa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin kusan iri ɗaya kamar sauran amfanin gona na fure. Bayan 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana, ya kamata a cire mafaka. Watering ya kamata a yi kamar yadda saman Layer na substrate ta kafe, kuma za ka bukatar kuma ka tsare a hankali sassauta ta tabbata ga m zurfin. Yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar tsarin shayarwa don cewa substrate koyaushe yana dan kadan m, amma ruwan ba ya ɓoye a cikin ƙasa, saboda wannan na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cutar fungal.
Zaba
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka nuna ganye na biyu na uku ko na uku, za su buƙaci daɗaɗa su cikin tukwane daban. A cikinsu, zasu yi girma har sai lokacin dasawa zuwa gonar. Makonni biyu kafin a shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, zasu buƙatar fara taurara. Don yin wannan, dole ne a ɗan tura su zuwa ɗan gajeren iska, yayin da kowace rana aikin ya kamata ya fi tsayi.
Cutar daskararre a cikin ƙasa buɗe
Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa
Juyawa cikin tsiron ƙasa a cikin ƙasa ya kamata a yi a ƙarshen kwanakin Afrilu ko na farko - a watan Mayu, yayin da ƙasa ya kamata dumama har zuwa digiri 6-10. Don ganin yadda aka fitar da daskararren miya, yakamata a dasa shi a wani fili, fili mai kyau, in ba haka ba furanni bazai bayyana a kanta ba ko kaɗan. Soilasa dole ne ta zama mai yiwuwa ga ruwa, yayin da ruwan karkashin kasa a wurin da ake shuka wannan shuka kada ya yi matsanancin kusancin ƙasa. Gaskiyar ita ce, waɗannan furanni suna amsa mummunar mummunar tasirin ruwa a cikin tushen sa. Wurin saukowa yana buƙatar shirya shi a cikin kaka. Don yin wannan, tono ƙasa, yayin da kowane 1 m2 ƙara biyu buhu na humus, 40 grams na superphosphate, 100 grams na lemun tsami da kuma 20 grams na potassium chloride. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a gabatar da takaddun da ke ƙunshe da takaddun ƙwayar cuta tare da haɗawar wajibi (giram 30 na abu a kowace murabba'in mita 1).
Yadda ake shuka
Dole ne a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ramukan da aka riga aka shirya, yayin da ya kamata a lura da cewa nisan da ke tsakanin bushes ɗin ya kamata ya kasance daga santimita 10 zuwa 12, kuma jerawar layi ɗaya ya kasance daga santimita 25 zuwa 30. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki, ya kamata a yi ban ruwa. Ranar farko ta farko ko kwana uku zata nemi tsari daga zafin rana. Irin wannan shuka, wanda aka samo daga zuriya, zai fara yin fure ne kawai shekaru 3 bayan fitowar seedlings. Koyaya, idan an samar masa da ingantaccen yanayi, to zaku iya sha'awan kyawawan furanninsa cikin shekaru 2 kawai.
Kula da Crocosm a cikin lambu
Kuna buƙatar kulawa da ƙwanƙwasa a kusan kusan daidai da na gladioli. Watering ya zama yalwatacce da za'ayi sau ɗaya a kowace 7 kwana. Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙasa, ana bada shawara don kwance shi don karya ɓarnar da ta bayyana.
Don haɓaka al'ada da ci gaba, irin wannan fure dole ne a ciyar da shi ta hanyar tsari. A cikin abin da kuka shuka tsiron ƙasa a kan ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, to, zaku iya yi ba tare da takin ƙasa ba. Amma a cikin yanayin cewa ƙasa ba ta da kyau, to lallai ne don ciyar da tsire-tsire bayan an kafa ganye na gaskiya na biyu, kuma ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar tare da mita na 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 1.5. Don yin wannan, ana bada shawara don amfani da jiko na mullein (an ɗauki 1 ɓangaren mullein don sassan 10 na ruwa), kazalika da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai (2 grams na samfurin a kowace lita na ruwa). A lokacin budding, irin wannan shuka yana buƙatar taki wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin potassium.
Ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan a kula da ɓarna. Amma game da cututtuka da kwari, idan kun bi duk ka'idodin fasaha na aikin gona, ba za ku sami matsaloli tare da wannan shuka ba.
Yadda ake yaduwa
An riga an faɗi a sama cewa za a iya yada irin wannan fure ta hanyar tsaba, sannan kuma a yi amfani da hanyar ciyayi don wannan. Game da yadda ake shuka tsintsiya daga tsaba, zaku iya karanta a sama. Don yaduwar ciyayi ta 'yan lambu, ana amfani da rarraba gangar jikin. Kowace shekara, kimanin corms na girma ɗaya ke girma zuwa yara 5, waɗanda suka fara fure a shekara mai zuwa. A lokaci guda, mahaifin corm har yanzu yana ci gaba da haɓaka yara. A wannan batun, lokacin da aka girma irin wannan fure, ya kamata a lura cewa da tsari zai zama dole don aiwatar da rarrabuwa da dasa tsiran corms.
Raba, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana aiwatar da shi bayan saukowa ya zama mai yawa. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar tono sama da corms kuma a hankali cire yara daga kwan fitila na iyaye, wanda aka dasa a cikin wurin dindindin. A lokaci guda, ana ba da shawarar dasa yara a cikin lokaci guda kamar dasa shuki seedlings, wato, a ƙarshen kwanakin Afrilu ko na farko - a watan Mayu. Idan kuna so, to, don fara yaran da suka rabu, zaku iya dasa su a cikin tukwane na mutum, inda zasu yi girma har sai Mayu ko Yuni. Kuma a sa'an nan za su buƙaci a watsa su cikin ƙasa ta buɗe.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Cutar ƙarancin ƙwaro cuta tana tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. Amma idan kun lura da shi ba daidai ba ko kuma ba da izinin kwararawar ƙwayar cuta a cikin tushen tushe ba, to, cututtuka irin su:
Fusarium
A farantin ciyayi na fararen faranti sun fara jujjuya launin rawaya, sannu a hankali suka bushe suka fado. Hakanan akwai murdiya da shinge da lalata furanni, yayin da akwai canji a launinsu.
Grey rot
A farfajiyar corms wani farin rufi mai launin toka ya bayyana.
Herbalism (jaundice)
Da farko, sanya launin ganye na fararen ganye na faruwa, sannan inuwa ciyayi ta bayyana akan ganye. Sakamakon haka, daji ya mutu. Irin wannan cutar ita ce hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, kuma tsire-tsire ke kewaye da shi.
Idan daji yana kamuwa da Fusarium, to ya kamata a kula dashi tare da wakili na fungicidal. An ba da shawarar kada kuyi yaƙi tare da rot launin toka, amma don hana bayyanar ta. Idan aka harbi daji da jaundice, to bazai yiwu a warke shi ba, saboda har yanzu basu sami magani mai inganci ga irin wadannan cututtukan ba. Don dalilai na rigakafin, don hana kamuwa da cuta da cututtukan zuciya, an bada shawarar yin ƙasa da shi musamman bisa ga ka'idodin fasahar fasahar noma. Hakanan wajibi ne kafin yin shuka ko dasa shuki don yin aikin tilas na kayan shuka da kayan iri tare da maganin potassiumgangan (1%). Hakanan wajibi ne don canza yanayin dasa irin wannan shuka.
Cutar ƙarancin cuta na iya shawo kansu musamman daga irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa kamar su thrips, bears, da kuma ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo.
Da Bears
Irin waɗannan kwari suna cin corms, kuma suna sa zuriyar cikin ƙasa a zurfin santimita goma. Don lalata su, ana ba da shawarar yin tarko na musamman. A farkon lokacin kaka, kana buƙatar tono rami rabin mitsi mai zurfi kuma shimfida sabon abincin doki a ciki. Domin kada ku manta inda wannan wuri yake, sanya ɗan sanda. Bayan wani lokaci, dung ɗin da za'a samo a cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya shirya don hunturu a cikin taki. Dole ne kawai ku haƙa rami kuma ku hallaka su.
Thrips
Suna tsotse ruwan lemon tsami daga tsutsa. A cikin samfurin da abin ya shafa, aibobi na diski, ratsi ko raunin fuka a faranti na ganye. Harbe ya zama karkatacciya, ganyayyaki sun faɗi ƙasa, furanni kuma ba su da kyau. Don kawar da irin waɗannan kwari, ya kamata a kula da daji tare da hanyoyi kamar: Fitoverm, Karbofos, Agravertin, Actellik ko Confidor, yayin bin shawarwarin da aka bayar a cikin umarnin.
Spider mites
Sun zauna a kan tsire-tsire ne kawai tsawon lokacin fari. Wadannan kwari kuma suna tsotse ruwan dusar shukarsa daga fure. Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa irin waɗannan kwari sune ke ɗaukar cututtukan cututtukan hoto da ba za'a iya warkewa ba. Don hallaka irin waɗannan kwari, ya kamata kuyi amfani da magungunan guda ɗaya waɗanda aka ba da shawarar don magance thrips.
Ciki bayan fure
Tarin iri
A cikin taron cewa kun riga kun sami cakulan, to tattara tsaba ba ya da ma'ana, tunda ya fi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci don yaduwar irin wannan shuka ta hanyar rarraba corms. Kuma don haɓaka irin wannan fure ta hanyar shuka, ana bada shawara don amfani da tsaba da aka saya a cikin shago.
Yadda ake shirya domin hunturu
Idan kun yi girma crocomia a cikin yanki mai sanyi a lokacin sanyi, to ana bada shawara don cire albasa a cikin kaka daga ƙasa. Ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa suna buƙatar a bincika su a farkon rabin na biyu na Oktoba, in ba haka ba yaran ba za su sami lokacin yin al'ada. Yakamata corms ya bushe sosai, yayin sanya su cikin ɗaki mai sanyi (kimanin digiri 10) tare da samun iska mai kyau. Ya kamata a adana su a daidai wannan hanyar kamar yadda kwararan fitila na gladiolus.
A cikin abin da ya ɓarke ɓarke da ƙasa a cikin yanki mai sanyi mai sanyi, to ba zai yuwu a tona ta ba lokacin hunturu. Koyaya, a cikin kaka, shafin zai buƙaci yayyafa shi da wani yanki na ciyawa, yayin da aka girka kwakwalwan itace, rassan spruce ko ganyayen ganye akan sa.
Idan namo ya faru a yankin kudu, to, za a iya rufe shafin a cikin kaka kawai tare da ganyayyaki masu bushe, yayin da kauri ya kamata ya zama kusan santimita 20. Ana sanya fim a saman ganye. Lokacin da aka bar ices a baya, ana buƙatar cire mafaka, yayin da ake yanka tsoffin faranti.
Nau'in iri daban-daban tare da hoto
Akwai kusan nau'ikan dabi'a 55 na cututtukan zuciya. Willasan da ke ƙasa zai zama bayanin yawancin jinsunan da aka fi sani da yan lambu.
Golden katocin danshi (Crocosmia aurea)
Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu. Fusoshin ganye suna da siffar xiphoid ko kuma layi na layi, kuma furanni suna da launin ruwan hoda mai-launin shuɗi. Ana samun ruwa a cikin wannan nau'in a farkon lokacin kaka. An noma ta tun daga 1846. Akwai nau'i da yawa waɗanda suke da furanni masu launin ja, ruwan lemo da rawaya.
Ciwon ruwan masari (Crocomia masoniorum)
Karamin daji mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa daga mita 0.6 zuwa 0.8. Takaddun faranti na tagar siffar siffar xiphoid a fadin na iya kai santimita 5. Flowersanan furanni suna da launi mai launi mai haske, kuma suna ɓangare na tsalle-tsalle mai tsalle-tsalle. Ana lura da yawo a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan zafin-sanyi idan aka kwatanta da sauran.
Ciwon silsila
Namijin yana da tsayi, don haka daji a tsayi zai iya kaiwa mita ɗaya da rabi. Takaddun faranti. Wannan nau'in shine farkon farkon furanni, tare da an lura da fure a farkon rabin Yuni. Flowersan ƙananan furanni na launuka masu launi mai ɗorewa ana tattara su cikin fasalin-dimbin yawa na panicle.
Salamatuwa Fatakwal (Fatakwal pottsii)
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, zaku iya haɗuwa a cikin Afirka, yayin da yake fifita wannan nau'in don yayi girma a cikin marshy. A wannan batun, an bada shawarar dasa shi a cikin wurin da aka rufe inda ƙasa ba zai bushe da sauri ba. Ganyen wannan nau'in kunkuntar ne mai laushi, furanni ƙanƙane a ciki.
Cutar kwaro mara nauyi (Cika a cikin mara), ko montbrecia na lambun
Wannan tsire-tsire nasa ne da gonar gidan gona ta crocomia na farko. Lemoine ya ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1880, yayin da gicciye ya yi amfani da kayan kwalliyar gwal da tukwane. Tsawon daji zai iya kaiwa zuwa santimita ɗari. Akwai harbe mai bakin ciki, faranti madaidaiciya kafaffen faranti mai fadi-layi ko siffar xiphoid da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Redananan ja-orange ko furanni rawaya suna da siffar mazugi, kuma suna ɓangare na inflorescences tsoro. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin Yuli ko Agusta.
Yawon kiwo ne ke gudana. Don haka, an riga an kirkiro kayan gona sama da 400. Mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu sune:
- Emily Mackenzie. Tsawon karamin daji ya kai mita 0.6. A kan kibiya madaidaiciya akwai kyawawan furanni masu ruwan kwalliya-ruwan kwalliya, a cikinsu akwai wasu launuka masu haske a tsakiyar.
- Lukaifa. A tsayi, daji zai iya kaiwa santimita 150. A kan madaidaiciyar farfajin furanninsa akwai furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsayayyar sanyi kuma idan bazara tayi yawa ba a yankin da tayi girma, corms na irin wannan shuka za'a iya bari a cikin ƙasa domin yin hunturu.
- George Davidson. Dajin ya kai tsawon mita 0.7. Itatuwan furanni masu launin shuɗi-yellow masu ban sha'awa suna banbanta da banbancin ganye kore mai duhu. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da girma don yankan. Ana lura da yawo a cikin Yuli da Agusta.
- Sarki sarki. Wasu jerin furanni masu launin shuɗi masu launin launuka masu launin shuɗi.
- Yawait. Tsawon daji zai iya kaiwa zuwa 0.6. Ana lura da kwarara daga watan Agusta zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba. Furanni ana fentin lemu mai zaki.
- Sarauniyar Tangerine. A tsayi, daji zai iya kaiwa mita 1.2. Launi na furanni ruwan lemo mai zurfi ne.
Daban-daban kamar: Babila, Fleece na Zinare, Star na Gabas, Norwich Canary, Mistral, Vesuvius, Bouquet of Parfait, Lady Oxford, Reingold, Heath Magesty, Lady Wilson, Aurora, Faransa Gals, Jays Coy, Lady Hamilton suma suna da matukar kyau don yin ado da gadaje na fure. da sauransu
