Levkoy

Itace kamar Levka (Matthiola) ana kuma kiranta matthiola. Ya danganta da yanayin halittar herbaceous annuals da perennials na gicciye ko kuma kabeji. A cikin yanayi na al'ada, ana iya samun levok a Kudancin Turai, Afirka da a wasu yankuna na Asiya. A matsayin ɓangare na wannan dabi'ar, akwai nau'ikan 20-50. Irin wannan shuka yana da ado tare da furanni masu ƙanshi. R. Brown ya ba da sunan Latin ga wannan fure don girmamawa ga Italiyanci P. Mattioli, masanin ilmin likitanci da ilimin dabbobi wanda ya rayu a ƙarni na 16. Sunan Levka ya fito ne daga Italiyanci, Jamusanci ko Latin. Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa a cikin waɗannan yarukan akwai kalmomin tushe iri ɗaya. Daga Girkanci "Levka" an fassara shi a matsayin "farar fata farar fata." A cikin karni na 20, ana iya samun irin wannan tsiron a kusan kowane lambun shakatawa da lambun, amma a ƙarni na 21 irin wannan fure ya fita daga yanayin saboda wasu dalilai. A waccan yanayin, idan kun kasance masu son salon shakatawa, to wannan fure shine abin da kuke buƙata.

Fasali levkoy

Levkoy tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire ko kuma ciyayi wanda zai iya zama perenni, biennial, ko shekara-shekara. Matsayin da aka dasa na kafa hujja na iya bambanta daga 0.2 zuwa 0.8 mita, an rufe su da jibin da aka ji ko bare. Lanceolate ko kwano na farantin kwano na iya samun yadudduka ko kafa mai kauri. A inflorescence na tsefewar ko nau'i-mai siffar mai siffar fure ya ƙunshi furanni biyu ko sauƙi wanda za'a iya fentin ruwan hoda, shunayya, fari da ruwan hoda. An lura da ruwa a cikin Yuni-Nuwamba. 'Ya'yan itace katako ne, a ciki akwai tsaba mai ƙyalli-firam. Baza a iya rikitar da ƙanshin da ke fitowa daga furanni na levkoy tare da wani ba. Yawancin furanni tare da furanni masu sauƙi ana ɗaukar kyakkyawan tsire-tsire na zuma, yayin da nau'in terry sune kayan ado na ban mamaki na kowane lambu. Kowane mutum na iya yin irin wannan fure, har ma waɗancan mutanen da suke nesa da aikin lambu.

Girma Leukkoy daga tsaba

Shuka

Kafin ka fara shuka, kana buƙatar shirya tsaba. Don yin wannan, suna narke na tsawon awanni 24 a ruwa, sannan a saka a cikin yayyafa a ciki a saka a kan shiryayye na firiji don kwanaki da yawa don ɓarkewar yanayin. Ana yin shuka iri don shuka a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris, ko na farko - a watan Afrilu - a cikin kwalaye ko kwantena, wanda dole ne da farko a cika da gaurayawar ƙasa, wadda ta haɗa ƙasa turf da yashi (3: 1). Shuka ya kamata a za'ayi sparsely, yayin da shuka da tsaba ya kamata kawai rabin santimita. Sa'an nan kuma dole ne a rufe kwantena da fim ko gilashi kuma a sake shirya shi a cikin dumi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 22) da wuri mai duhu. Za'a iya ganin 'ya'yan farko na seedlings a wasu lokuta bayan kwanaki 4-5 kawai, duk da haka, suna iya bayyana ko da bayan rabin wata.

'Yayan itace

Bayan 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana, ana buƙatar cire mafaka, kuma ya kamata a sake shirya ganga a cikin wani wuri mai cike da hasken da aka watsa, wannan ba zai ba da izinin tsire-tsire su shimfiɗa ba. Da yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata don tsiro na shekaru daga 10 zuwa 12, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar cewa a koma da kwantena a cikin veranda mara ruɓi ko baranda mara shinge. Bayan kwana biyu bayan 'ya'yan fari sun bayyana, za su bukaci a shayar da su a karon farko. Bayan kwanaki 10 zuwa 10, yakamata a dasa shuki a cikin tukwane na mutum tare da buɗa buɗa ido. Ya kamata su cika da gaurayawan ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi turf da ƙasa mai ganye da yashi, wanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1. Ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa a wannan lokacin tsire-tsire ba za su sami farantin ganye na gaske ba. Lokacin da aka haƙa seedlings a cikin substrate, ana bada shawara a zuba ɗan ƙaramin hydrogel, wanda zai ƙarfafa tushen tsarin tsirrai. Late, har da na matsakaici-fure iri, idan ake so, za a iya rayuwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa bude. Ya kamata a fara ciyarwa lokacin da tsire-tsire suka fara farantar ganye na gaske na biyu. Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani a cikin ciyarwa; don wannan, 0.3 grams na boric acid da sulfate jan karfe da 0.1 grams na manganese sulfate da zinc sulfate ana ɗauka a kowace lita 1 na ruwa. Seedlings irin wannan shuka dole ne a taurare. Don yin wannan, da farko buɗe taga a kan baranda na ɗan gajeren lokaci, yayin da ake aiki da sannu sannu sannu a hankali. A ƙarshe, ya kamata a kiyaye furanni tare da taga a buɗe. Fara ɓarnatar da tsire-tsire ya kamata ya zama makonni 1-1.5 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗe.

Dasa levkoy a buɗe ƙasa

Wani lokaci zuwa ƙasa

Ya kamata a dasa Levkoy seedlings a cikin kwanakin Mayu na ƙarshe. Don yin wannan, dole ne a zabi rana mai girgije ko shuka da yamma, saboda zafin rana zai iya lalata seedlingsan da aka shuka. Don dasa shuki matthiola, yankin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda aka girka a baya ba su dace ba, in ba haka ba kifin na gwatse na iya lalata furanni. Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa ƙasa daga irin wannan rukunin yanar gizo kuma bai dace da cika kwantena ba don tsirowar hagu na hagu na hagu, saboda akwai babban yuwuwar cewa shuka za ta sami ƙafa baƙar fata ko ƙwal.

Lokacin zabar wani wuri don dasawa, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa irin wannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hasken rana mai yawa da ƙasa mai kyau, tunda idan ƙasa ta ɓoye, wannan na iya cutar da hagun hagun. Soilasa ta zama tsaka tsaki ko alkaline ɗan kadan, cike da sinadarai da mafi kyawu idan sod-loamy ne ko sod-loamy. Takin kasar gona kafin dasa shuki kawai lokacin da ta cika lalacewa.

Yadda ake shuka

Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya ramuka, sannan kuma cika su da ruwa. Shuka yana buƙatar yin shi kai tsaye a cikin tataccen earthen slurry, wannan zai ba da damar tsire-tsire don daidaita da sauri zuwa sabon yanayi. Lokacin da ramuka suka cika da ƙasa, dole ne a haɗa shi da kyau. Nisa tsakanin nau'ikan da bai kai na daya ba ya kamata ya zama santimita 15-20, kuma tsakanin sabuwa da tsayi - daga 25 zuwa 30 santimita.

Levko kulawa a cikin lambun

Abinda ya fi mahimmanci yayin girma matthiola ya kamata a tuna cewa yana da mummunar mummunar matsala ga duka tsawan fari da yawan ruwa. A wannan batun, yin shayarwa ya zama matsakaici kuma dole ne mai tsari. Hakanan, yayin kula da irin wannan shuka, ya zama dole ga sako a cikin lokaci kuma da sassauta yanayin ƙasa a yankin, kuma ya kamata a yi hakan duk lokacin da aka shayar da shuka. Daga kwayoyin, kawai itace ash ya kamata a yi amfani dashi don ciyarwa, amma ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da takin ma'adinan hadaddun. Don haka, a cikin lokacin bazara, ya kamata a ƙara cikakken ma'adinin ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa a yankin da matthiola yake girma, kuma a lokacin furanni, ana amfani da takin-foda-potassium don ciyar. Idan kun shuka matthiola perennial, to ku tuna cewa a shekarar da aka dasa ta, bai kamata a mulkar ta ba.

Levkoy haihuwa

Kuna iya shuka matthiola daga tsaba, idan kuna son irin waɗannan tsire-tsire don fure a cikin yankinku a duk tsawon lokacin, kuna buƙatar shuka su kowane mako 1.5-2. Terry matthiola bakararre ne, amma, an lura cewa furanni masu ban sha'awa suna girma daga irin wadancan tsaba da aka tattara daga tsiran da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da furanni masu sauƙi, yayin da yakamata a sami ɗan gajeren wando da aka matse harbin tare da ƙarewar ƙarshe. Daga tsaba da aka tara daga irin wannan bushes, tsire-tsire na iya girma tare da furanni masu sauƙi da biyu a cikin rabo 1: 1. A lokacin narkar da seedlings, zaka iya ƙoƙarin zaɓar shuka tare da furanni biyu, idan ya cancanta. A saboda wannan, ya kamata a kiyaye seedlings a zazzabi na iska zuwa digiri 12 zuwa 15. Bayan wannan, an tura su zuwa ɗaki don kwanaki da yawa, inda zafin jiki na iska shine digiri 6-8, a wannan matakin zaka iya ganin bambance-bambance. A cikin tsire-tsire tare da furanni biyu, ganye mai Cotyledonous zai zama mafi girma kuma ba mai haske sosai ba. Idan ya cancanta, zai yuwu a zaɓi bushes tare da furanni biyu, yayin da ake cire ragowar harbe.

Cutar da kwari

Jirgin da ke giftawa shine iya haifar da babbar illa ga irin wannan tsiron. Don kawar da ƙarancin kwari, yakamata a yi amfani da maganin ash. Kulawa da busheshen da aka shafa tare da irin wannan kayan aiki ya kamata a aiwatar dashi sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 4-5, yayin da yakamata a maimaita shi sau 3. Yayin aiwatarwa, yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa mafita tana faɗuwa duka a kan gaba da kuma gefen ba daidai ba na ganye. A cikin abin da ya faru akwai tarin yawa, za a buƙaci amfani da kwari don lalata su, misali: Decis, Aktara, Actellik, Bankol da Intavir.

Mattiola galibi yana rashin lafiya da kafaɗa baƙar fata. A cikin daji da aka kamu, ƙananan sashin harbe har da farko sun zama launin ruwan kasa, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci ya zama baƙar fata. Ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da irin waɗannan samfuran, amma ana iya hana kamuwa da cuta, don wannan, kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata a yi aikin ƙasa tare da Gida. A wannan yanayin, ko da ƙasa ta kamu da kamfani da ƙafa baƙar fata, har yanzu tsire-tsire ba za su sami wannan cutar ba.

Levkoy bayan fure

Tarin iri

Tsaba suna cikakke a watan Satumba ko Oktoba. Jira har sai kwanson ya canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa, sannan kuma cire daji gaba ɗaya tare da tushe, kuma sanya shi cikin ɗakuna mai kyau. Jira har sai ya bushe sarai. Ana buƙatar tsage kofofin bushewa kuma an zana tsaba daga gare su.

Ana shirin hunturu

Idan Levka ya girma a yankin da ke da tsananin sanyi, to, ana shuka su azaman tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara. A wannan batun, a cikin kaka, yakamata a fitar da tsire-tsire daga ƙasa kafin a lalata su gaba ɗaya. Za a buƙatar zubar da tarkacen tsire-tsire, kuma yankin da hagu ke haɓaka, dole ne a haƙa. Idan masu yin sahu a yankin suna da laushi, sannan bayan an fara yin sanyi, bushes ɗin zai buƙaci a yanke shi a matakin ƙasa. Idan kuna so, zaku iya amfani da hannun hagu don yin ado gidanku a cikin hunturu, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar tono daji kuma ku watsa shi cikin tukunyar filawa.

Nau'in da nau'ikan levkoy tare da hoto

Levkoy launin toka-mai launin fata (Matthiola incana) - wannan nau'in shine mafi mashahuri a cikin al'ada. Kasar haihuwa ita ce tsibirin Canary da Rum. Tsawon wannan tsire-tsire mai tsaftataccen sanyi na shekara-shekara na iya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 0.7 m. Ana saka daji a mafi yawan lokuta tare da harbe-harben huda, furanni suna da kamshi sosai. Manyan faranti masu jerinnuwa na iya zama sifar lu'u-lu'u ko kuma kunkuntar. Launin su duhu ne ko launin rawaya kore, yayin da ganyen zai iya zama a cikin farin ciki ko danda. Loose or lush racemose inflorescences kunshi furanni 10-60. Furen yana daɗaɗawa kuma an lura da shi a watan Yuni-Nuwamba, yayin da yake a cikin yankuna na kudu, matthiolou, wanda aka cika da furanni, ana iya haɗuwa da hunturu. Tsaba ta wannan nau'in levkoy zai iya zama mai yiwuwa tsawon shekaru 4-6. An horar da su tun daga 1570. A wannan lokacin, an san nau'ikan nau'ikan 600 na wannan nau'in. An rarraba nau'o'i ta hanyar fure a lokacin bazara, kaka da damuna. Mafi na kowa irin rani fure. Hakanan an rarraba nau'ikan daban-daban ta tsayi: babba (0.5-0.7 m), matsakaici (0.3-0.5 m) da ƙananan (0.15-0.3 m).

Haka kuma Mattiols ya kasu kashi biyu cikin 8:

1. Bouquet (Victoria). Dogayen ƙananan bishiyoyi masu tsayi a cikin tsawo na iya isa daga santimita 25 zuwa 35. Babban da na ƙarshe inflorescences ana kan su ɗaya matakin. D fure furanni wani bangare ne na matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaici, matsakaici wanda zai iya kaiwa daga 3 zuwa 3.5 santimita. Tsawon lokacin fure yana daga kwanaki 50 zuwa 75. Bambancin da aka haɗa cikin wannan rukunin suna da matsakaici da wuri. Yawancin lokaci ana girma cikin rabatka, gadaje na fure, tukwane da amfani da yankan.
2. Gigantic-mai siffa. Bushes ɗin yana da fure mai kauri da siffar dala mai faɗi. Tsayin su na iya bambanta daga 45 zuwa 60 santimita. Babban inflorescence yana da girma (diamita daga 15 zuwa 25 santimita) da sako-sako da, yana blooms sauri fiye da na gefe wadanda, kuma ya hada da densely ninki biyu na fure. Tsawon lokacin fure yana daga kwanaki 45 zuwa 50. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan suna daɗewar fure kuma galibi suna girma don yankan.
3. Harshen Quedlinburg. A kan irin wannan tsiron terry, furanni masu sauƙi ma suna nan. Hanyoyin da aka haɗa cikin wannan rukuni sun kasu kashi biyu:

a) Late mai tsayi. Shirokopyramidalnye bushes na tsayi na iya isa daga 0,5 zuwa 0.6 m. Fararen filayen kore suna da elongated, m ko lanceolate, suna da kauri ko mara kyau. Girman daskararre na fure-fure-fure na iya isa daga 4 zuwa 5 santimita, sashi ne na inflorescences, tsawonsa ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 50 santimita. Yana fara Bloom a Yuli.

b) Da farko tsayi bushes. Yada bushes a tsayi zai iya isa daga santimita 45 zuwa 60. Fusoshin ganye mai launin shuɗi-na iya zama mai faɗi, kunkuntar, koɗa ko lanceolate, gefensu mai laushi ne ko damshi. Tsawon inflorescences yana daga 13 zuwa 20 santimita, abun da ke ciki ya hada da manyan launuka masu launuka masu launuka masu yawa, diamita wanda ya kasance daga 4 zuwa 5 santimita. Fulawa yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma yana daga kwanaki 55 zuwa 60.

c) Yankunan tsire-tsire masu rashin ƙarfi a farkon. Tsawonsu na iya bambanta daga 25 zuwa 40 santimita. Lyaƙƙarfan takalmin da aka kafa ko ƙananan shimfidawa mai shinge tare da sifa mai siffar zobe. Takaddun ganye na launin kore-launin toka na iya zama lanceolate ko m. Girman daddaɗin fure furanni ya kai daga 4 zuwa 4.5 santimita, sashi ne na inflorescences, tsawonsa yana daga 12 zuwa 20 santimita. Fulawa yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma zai wuce kwanaki 40 zuwa 65.

d) Shida. Siffar pyramidal na single-stemmed ko rauni mai rauni a cikin bushes tsayi zai iya isa daga 0.5 zuwa 0.8 m. Tsawon sako-sako da inflorescences ya bambanta daga 0.2 zuwa 0.6 m, sun ƙunshi furanni, diamita wanda shine santimita 4-6. Yana farawa a cikin Yuni kuma zai ɗauki tsawon watanni 1-2.

4. Short-branched (Erfurt). Karamin rauni mai ɗaukar ƙananan bishiyoyi masu tsayi-tsayi mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa daga mita 0.3 zuwa 0.4. Babbar faranti mai launin haske-launin toka suna da kaifi mai ƙarfi da sifar sikeli. Halin da ya banbanta na irin wannan rukunin shine cewa kwancen harbe-harbe a kaikaice yana faruwa mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire na wasu gungun. A wannan yanayin, inflorescence na tsakiya yana sama da na baya. Diamita na fure convex daga 3 zuwa 4 santimita ne. Fulawa yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma yana ɗaukar makonni 4 zuwa 8. Suna girma irin furanni a cikin tukwane, haka kuma don yankan.
5. Manyan itace-kamar ruwa. Rassan daji a saman kuma yana da girman santimita ɗari. Manyan farantin farantin karfe mai kwalliya suna da gefen fuska. Girman dutsen daga furanni mai kauri tsawon santimita 4-6, su bangare ne na babban adadin inflorescences. Fulawa ya fara a watan Yuni kuma zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 8. Irin waɗannan furanni ana shuka su ne a cikin ragi, a gonar kungiya da kuma yankan.
6. Single kara. Bushasashen daji zai iya kaiwa tsayin 0,5 zuwa 0.8. Girman dutsen, fure mai yaduwa yakai santimita 5-6, sune ɓangare na ƙaƙƙarfan inflorescences. Babban faranti mai siffa-lu'u-lu'u masu dimbin yawa suna da karkatarwa ko wavy gefen. Fulawa ya fara a cikin Yuni kuma zai ɗauki tsawon makonni 4. Mafi yawa ana girma don yankan.
7. Pyramidal. Areungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin wannan rukunin sun kasu kashi biyu:

a) Gigantic manyan-flowered. Varietiesungiyoyi na farko-farkon waɗanda zasu iya zama babba (har zuwa 0.8 m tsayi da sama) da rabin-girma (har zuwa 0.5 m). The diamita na manyan-yada-fure yada daga 4 to 5 santimita. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin watan Yuni-Satumba.

b) Dwarf. Itatuwan furanni na farko suna da tsiran pyramidal, suna kaiwa tsayin santimita 20-25 kuma suna yin harbe. Inflorescences ne m. Yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma yana gamawa bayan kwanaki 40-50.

c) Rabin tsayi. Bushes ɗin da ke da siffar dala irin na tsakiyar farkon shuka a tsayinsa ya kai daga santimita 30 zuwa 45. Ya sosai ci gaba gefen harbe. Tsawon m inflorescences daga 13 zuwa 18 santimita, kuma abun da ke ciki ya haɗa da furanni tare da diamita na 3 zuwa 4.5 santimita. Flow ya fara a cikin Yuni kuma yana daga watanni 1.5 zuwa 2.

8. Yaxa. Hanyoyin da aka haɗa cikin wannan rukuni sun kasu kashi biyu:

a) Yin gyaran (Dresden). Bushesaƙƙarfan shinge na bushes a cikin tsayi mai tsayi daga 0,5 zuwa 0.6 m. An lura da ruwa a cikin Yuni-Nuwamba.

b) Late manyan-flowered (Bismarck). Tsawon daji ya tashi daga 0.45 zuwa 0.7 m, ya yi manyan harbe. Leaky inflorescences ya ƙunshi furanni masu ɗimbin yawa tare da diamita na 4.5 zuwa 5.5 santimita. Flow ya fara a Yuli kuma ya ƙare bayan sanyi.

Bambancin da aka haɗa cikin waɗannan rukuni sun sha bamban da juna a cikin girman furanni da inflorescences, da launinsu:

1. Victoria tana da shunayya. Dajin ya kai girman 0.3 m. Furanni Terry suna da launin shuɗi mai duhu.
2. Rosetta. Inauren daji mai tsayi ya kai daga 0.55 zuwa 0.6 m. Furen furanni ana fentin ruwan hoda.
3. Rainweis. Dajin ya kai kusan 0.7 m. Akwai fararen furanni masu launin shuɗi.
4. Carthrosis. Tsawon daji kusan 0.7 m ne furanni masu launin ruwan hoda mai haske tare da ruwan hoda mai duhu.
5. Rubinrot. Bushesashiryen furanni masu ƙarfi a cikin tsawo na iya isa daga 0,5 zuwa 0.6 m. Launi na fure-fure ne ja-rumman.
6. Diana Tsawon daji kusan 0.7 m ne. Manyan manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda mai launi biyu tare da taɓawa.
7. Abun hankali. Dajin ya kai tsayi 0.7 m. Launi na fure mai launin shuɗi mai duhu.
8. Erfurt Isajin yana daɗaɗawa sosai kuma yana da tsayi 0.3 zuwa 0.4 m launi thean furanni yana da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai haske.
9. Tafarnuwa. Tsawon daji ya kai kimanin 0.35 m. Launin furanni masu launin fari mai launin ja ne.
10. Tsarin farin fata Wannan nau'in Bouquet iri-iri tare da fararen furanni, wanda ya kai tsayi 0.3 m.

Levkoy bicorn (Matthiola bicornis) wani nau'in matthiola ne wanda ba a taɓa jin shi ba har kwanan nan. Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Girka da Asiya orarami. Aan itace mai daɗaɗɗe da kafaɗa ko madaidaicin daji na irin wannan shuka na shekara-shekara na iya isa zuwa 0.4 zuwa 0.5 m. Fararen ganye na layin suna da babban yatsan kafa. Wannan matthiola abu ne mai sauki - kananan furanninta marasa fahimta sune wani bangare na inflorescences. Furen furannin da ke motsa jiki na iya rufewa da rana. Ana lura da ruwa a cikin watan Yuni-Agusta. Fruitan itacen kwali ne, a cikin ɓangaren abin da yake da kaho 2. Seedsananan tsaba masu launin ruwan kasa-launin toka-gari suna iya kasancewa mai yiwuwa na tsawon shekaru 3. Nuna tun karni na 16.