Suman

Ganyen tsiro na shekara-shekara wanda aka fi sani da squash (Cucurbita pepo) shine wakilin asalin Suttukan cikin dangin Suman. Wannan tsiro yana ɗaukar amfanin gona na guna, asalinsa daga Meziko. Pumpkin ya yi girma a cikin kwarin Oaxaca aƙalla shekaru 8,000. Tuni kafin zuwan zamaninmu, irin wannan tsiron ta bazu a Arewacin Amurka a cikin kwaruruka na kogin Mississippi da Missouri. An kawo irin wannan al'ada ta Turai ta jiragen ruwa daga Spain a karni na 16; Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sami yaduwa sosai a Asiya da Tsohon Duniya. Indiya, China da Rasha sune manyan alkalai na bunkasa irin wannan amfanin gona.

Irin wannan kayan lambu mai daɗin daɗi yana da amfani sosai, ƙwayar jikinta tana ƙunshe da ɗumbin abinci mai mahimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam, haka kuma tana ƙunshe da sinadarin Vitamin T. Vega alsoan itaciya kuma suna ɗauke da ƙwayar kabewa, wanda ya haɗa da mai tare da anti-mai kumburi da tasirin sakamako, kazalika ba ya haifar da rashin lafiyan halayen.

Short bayanin girma

Saukowa. Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ana yin ta ne bayan ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 12-13, ya kamata a binne su a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 70-80 mm. Shuka kabewa na shuka ana yin sa ne a watan Afrilu ko kuma kwanakin farko na Mayu, kuma ana dasa shuka zuwa cikin ƙasa a buɗe a kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko kwanakin farkon watan Yuni.
Kasar. Kowane ɗayan ya dace, duk da haka, kabewa yana tsiro mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai gina jiki, wanda yakamata a haƙa shi gaba kuma duk takin da ya zama dole ma'adinan da kwayoyin halitta a ciki.
Watse. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki a ƙasa, ya kamata a shayar da shi sau 1 kowace rana kafin ya ɗauki tushe. Sa'an nan kuma, kada ruwa ya kasance mai yawa sosai har sai girman girman ƙwayoyin ya kasance daidai da dunkulallen hannu. Idan tayi ruwa bisa tsari a lokacin bazara, to bazaka iya shayar da kabewa kwata-kwata. Bayan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari fara nauyi, shi wajibi ne don hankali ƙara yawan ban ruwa zuwa lita 10 a kowace daji girma.
Taki. Kwana 7 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, suna ciyar da mafita na mullein ko droppings kaza. Bayan haka, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 4, ana ciyar da bushes tare da kwayoyin, yayin da yakamata ya kasance 3 ko 4 na irin wannan rigan.
Kiwo. Ta hanyar samar da iri (iri) ba hanyar iri bane ko kuma ta hanyar shuka.
Cututtuka masu cutarwa. Melon aphids, podura (ko farin ƙafa), wireworms, slugs.
Cututtuka. Farar fata, ƙwayar cuta, ascochitosis, mildew powdery da baƙin ƙarfe.

Siffofin Suman

Tushen tushe mai kunshe da kabewa shine yake rarrafewa da kwanciyar hankali. A farfajiya na faifan harbe-harbe akwai tsinkaye mara nauyi, tsayinsu ya bambanta da karfe 5 zuwa 8. Faranti masu launin ganye mai zuwa suna da zuciya mai kamanni biyar ko kuma wani bangare, tsawonsu yakai santimita 25, kuma a saman su akwai fitsarin, wanda gajere ne, gashi mai wakilci. A kowane sinus na ganye itace karkace take. Manyan furanni iri ɗaya masu jinsi ɗaya suna da launi mai ruwan lemo ko rawaya. Furanni na mata suna da gajerun furuci, furanni maza kuma suna da tsawo. Flow ya fara a watan Yuni ko Yuli, pollination na furanni giciye. Babban fruitan itacen fleshy karya ne na bishiyar kabewa, wanda ke da sifa ko na sihiri, a ciki akwai yawancin tsaba waɗanda suka girma a ƙarshen bazara ko makonnin farko na kaka. Tsawon zuriya whitish-cream shine 10-30 mm, tare da yin tsinkaya mai wucewa yana wucewa gefen gefen, harsashi na waje yana woody.

Girma irin kabewa

Shuka tsaba

Kuna iya shuka kabewa daga tsaba ta hanyar shuka, kuma ana iya shuka su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Amma ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa irin wannan nau'ikan kamar kabewa nutmeg za a iya girma kawai ta hanyar seedlings. Shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe ne kawai bayan an ɗora shi a zurfin 70-80 mm zuwa zazzabi na 12 zuwa 13. Kafin ka fara shuka, da tsaba da kuma shafin dole ne a karkashin sosai pre-shuka shirin. Da farko, an sanya zuriyar mai zafi, don wannan an sanya shi cikin zafi na kimanin awanni 9-10 (kimanin digiri 40), bayan wannan an sanya shi a cikin maganin ash na tsawon awanni 12 (2 tbsp na itacen ash a 1 lita na ruwan da aka dafa sabo), saboda wannan, amfrayo yakan wuce sauri cikin tayal mai kauri da ƙarfi. Don haka yakamata a dumama a cikin tanda, bayan wannan an rufe shi da yawa na yadudduka, wanda dole ne ya kasance cikin danshi a cikin maganin itacen ash. Idan presowing magani ba da za'ayi, to, kabewa zai ripen daga baya. Idan rani a yankin ya gajarta da sanyi, sannan aka yi sakaci da shuka iri-iri, sannan kabewa kawai bashi da lokaci zuwa gaba daya ya huda kafin farkon sanyi.

Kafin dasa kabewa, ya kamata a zana layuka a wani wurin da aka shirya, wanda bayan haka ya kamata a yi ramuka dasa shuki, wanda ya zama 0.3 m a fadin .. Idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, ƙasa a kan shafin na iya kasancewa bushewa A wannan yanayin, 1.5-2 lita na ruwa mai ɗumi (kimanin digiri 50) ya kamata a zuba a cikin kowane rami. Bayan da ruwan ya zama cikakke a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a shuka tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowace rijiya, yayin da ake binne su a cikin ƙasa mai loamy ta 50 mm 60, kuma a cikin haske - by 80-100 mm. Daga sama, ana buƙatar cika tsaba da ƙasa mai gina jiki, sannan gado yana mulched, saboda wannan suna amfani da humus ko ɓawon peat. Layi jerawa yakamata yakai 200 cm, yayin da nisan dake tsakanin ramuka a jere yakamata ya zama cm 100. Ana bada shawarar cirewa ramin rami a shafin akan tsarin dubawa. Don seedlings ya kasance da wuri-wuri, yankin ya kamata a rufe shi da fim don gyara shi, an zuba ƙasa a gefuna.

Idan an yi komai daidai, to, 'ya'yan farkon seedlings za su bayyana bayan kwanaki 7, bayan wannan wajibi ne don cire tsari. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri fararen ganye biyu na itace akan tsirrai, zasu buƙaci a fitar da su, yayin da babu fiye da seedlings biyu kasance cikin rami ɗaya. Wuce haddi ba za a iya fitar da tsiran bishiyoyi ba, maimakon a yanke su a matakin ƙasa, wannan zai guje wa cutar da tushen tsarin sauran ƙwayoyin. Idan ba a bar lokacin dawowar bazara ba a baya, to a kan gado ya kamata a saka wani firam ɗin waya wanda aka jawo fim ɗin.

Shuka kabewa seedlings

Dole ne a aiwatar da shuka tsaba don 'yan makonni 2-3 kafin dasawa da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Bayan shirye-shiryen shuka iri, dole ne a shuka tsaba mai guda daya bayan daya a cikin peat ko tukwane na filastik, wanda a diamita ya isa daga 10 zuwa 15 santimita. Su must kashi dole ne a cika su, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa turɓaya, humus da peat (1: 2: 1). Dole ne a rufe zuriya daga sama tare da guda ɗaya, duk da haka, dole ne a haɗe shi da gram 10-15 na itacen ash kuma tare da maganin mullein (5%). Dole ne a ta da murfin, bayan haka dole a rufe kwalin da wani fim a saman.

Sau da yawa lokacin da girma seedlings a cikin dakin daki, an miƙa shi sosai. Yaya za a hana wannan? Dole ne a saka filayen a wuri mai kyau, an kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye, yayin da yawan zafin jiki na iya bambanta daga digiri 20 zuwa 25. Bayan bayyanar seedlings, kabewa za ta buƙaci tsarin zazzabi mai zuwa: a cikin rana - daga digiri 15 zuwa 20, kuma da dare - daga digiri 12 zuwa 13. Shootsanyen elongated bayan kwanaki 7-10 ana ƙarƙashinsu kamar haka: ɓangaren sub-cotyledonous na shuka dole ne a ninka shi da zobe, bayan wannan an rufe shi da ƙasa mai laushi a kan faranti na ganye na cotyledonous. Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici, yayin da ƙasa kada ta ɓoye. A lokacin narkar da seedlings, ana buƙatar ciyar da kabewa sau 2, ta yin amfani da takin ma'adinai mai rikitarwa don wannan. Abun da ya ƙunshi maganin gina jiki ya haɗa da guga na ruwa 1, gram 17 na ammonium sulfate, 20 grams na superphosphate, 1 lita na mullein da 15 grams na potassium sulfate. Don ciyar da tsirrai ɗaya, ana ɗaukar 500 ml na maganin. Kafin dasawa bushes a cikin ƙasa bude, zasu buƙaci ta taurare. Don yin wannan, an canza su zuwa baranda ko veranda, da farko kuna buƙatar buɗe taga don 1-2 hours, yayin da tsawon lokacin ya kamata a ƙara girma. Lokacin da kwana biyu ya rage kafin dasa shuki da seedlings, taga ba zai buƙatar rufe kowane lokaci ba.

Zaba

Ba za ku iya nutsar da ƙwayar kabewa ba, saboda yayin dasawa, tushen tsarin zai iya sauƙin rauni. A wannan batun, kowane kofuna waɗanda dole ne a yi amfani dashi don shuka tsaba.

Dasa kabewa a cikin ƙasa buɗe

Wani lokaci don shuka

Yana da Dole a dasa kabewa seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude bayan dumi yanayin sa a, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan lokacin da dama a kan kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko farkon zamanin Yuni. Kabewa shine amfanin gona na guna, dangane da wannan yana buƙatar hasken rana mai yawa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar zaɓar sashen kudu don dasa. Bushesaukan bushes ɗin sun fi kyau lokacin da iska ta kusan digiri 25, amma idan ya fi sanyi fiye da digiri 14 a waje, girman kabewa ya tsaya. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga wannan al'ada sun kasance gefen, albasa, kabeji, karas, beets, waken soya, gyada, wake, wake, lentil ko gyada. Kuma ba a ba da shawarar yin haɓaka shi ba a cikin waɗancan wuraren da dankali, fure-fure, cucumbers, zucchini, squash, kankana, kankana da kabewa suka girma kafin hakan.

Ƙasa mai dacewa

Kuna iya haɓaka wannan al'adar a kowane ƙasa, amma tana iya girma mai daɗi da girma sosai a kan ƙasa mai gina jiki. Ya kamata a yi wa wurin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, domin wannan ya kamata a haƙa shi, yayin da takin ko takin (daga kilo 3 zuwa 5 a kowace murabba'in 1 na wurin) ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa mai nauyi, kuma idan ƙasa ta kasance ta acidic ko mai nauyi, to lemun tsami ko ash na itace (a kowace murabba'in 1 na tudun daga 200 zuwa 300 grams), kuma a kowace ƙasa ya zama dole don ƙara daga 15 zuwa 20 grams na potash kuma daga 25 zuwa 30 grams na taki. A cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta tafi, wanda ya sa ƙasa ba ta bushe sosai, ya kamata a lalata shi, bayan wannan an datse shi kaɗan kuma an cire ciyawar ciyawa daga ciki. Kafin shuka tsaba ko dasa shuki, ya kamata a haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin 12 zuwa 18 santimita. Idan a lokacin kaka ne saboda wasu dalilai ba a shirya wurin ba, a lokacin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a saka takin a kowane rami.

Shuka pumpkins a cikin greenhouse

Sai kawai a lokuta masu rauni sosai, wannan al'ada ana girma a cikin greenhouse daga farkon zuwa ƙarshe. Mafi sau da yawa, kawai seedlings na irin wannan shuka ana girma a cikin greenhouse, sannan kuma ana watsa shi cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Don shuka kabewa a cikin gidan shinkafa, tukwanen peat na 10x10 santimita a cikin girma ya kamata a yi amfani da su, a sakamakon haka, za a guji daskarar da tsire-tsire, tun da suna yin mummunar mummunar wannan hanya.

Kafin bayyanar seedlings, ya kamata a adana amfanin gona a zazzabi na kimanin digiri 26, kuma bayan haka ya kamata a rage shi zuwa digiri 19 cikin kwanaki 7, sannan kuma ya sake komawa zuwa yanayin zafin da ya gabata. Lokacin da rabi na wata ya wuce tunda seedlings sun bayyana, ya kamata a ciyar dasu tare da maganin mullein. Watering ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya cancanta, amma yakamata ya kasance yalwatacce. A kasar gona ya kamata ko da yaushe sako-sako da tare da matsakaici danshi abun ciki. Dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa buɗe ana aiwatar da wata 1 bayan bayyanar seedlings.

Buɗe Dokokin Saukowa

Yadda ake sanya kabewa bushes lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa an baiyana a sama, duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, ramin dasa yakamata ya zama mai zurfi fiye da lokacin shuka iri. Ramin ya kamata ya zama irin wannan girman cewa zasu iya cikakken tushen tsarin tsirrai a zurfin 80 zuwa 100 mm. Idan a cikin kaka lokacin shirye-shiryen shafin ba a hadu da ƙasa ba, to, a lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara, 50 grams na superphosphate, ½ giyan takin ko humus da wasu gilashin itace ash ya kamata a zuba cikin kowane rami. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a haɗe takin tare da ƙasa. Lokacin da takin kasar gona, ramuka suna buƙatar yin ƙari sosai.

Kowane rijiya ya kamata a zubar da 1-2 l na ruwan da aka tafasa, bayan an kwashe shi gabaɗaya, yakamata a sake dasa tsiron tare da dunƙule, yayin da voids ɗin ya zama ya cika da ƙasa, ƙasa kuma ta cika daji. Lokacin da aka dasa kabewa, farfajiyar gado ya kamata a rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (busassun ciyawa ko peat), don kada ɓawon burodi zai bayyana a kan ƙasa.

Kula da Suman

Lokacin da aka dasa shukar kabewa a ƙasa, zai buƙaci a shayar dashi, sako, ƙanƙantar da shi, ciyar da shi a kan kari. Kuma bushes na iya buƙatar taurin wucin gadi, saboda wannan kuna buƙatar ɗaukar furanni 2 na maza ba daga ƙarfe 11 na safe ba. Cire kwalliya a jikinsu, yayin da mahaifiyar biyun za a zana furannin a hankali tare da lamuran mace, kuma ƙarshen furannin namiji dole ne a bar ta cikin ƙiyayya na mace. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar pollination idan har akwai barazanar rashin cikakkiyar hadi da ƙwayoyin kwayoyi, saboda abin da ake lura da samuwar 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka saba.

Yadda ake ruwa

'Ya'yan Seedlings, waɗanda aka dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe kwanan nan, suna buƙatar ingantaccen shayarwa, wanda ke gudana kowace rana har sai ya kafe sosai. Sannan yin shayarwa ya zama ya zama mai saukin magana har zuwa lokacin da girman ƙwayoyin ya kasance daidai da dunƙulen hannu. Idan tayi ruwa a kai a kai a lokacin bazara, to bazaka iya shayar da kabewa ba.

Bayan da kabewa fara samun taro, bushes fara zama a kai a kai shayar sake, yayin da ƙara yawan ruwan dole ne a hankali kawo har zuwa 10 lita a karkashin daya girma daji.

Kasa kwance

Lokacin da aka shayar da kabewa ko ruwan sama yake, kuna buƙatar sassauta farfajiyar ƙasa kusa da bushes, yayin ɓoye ciyawa duka. A karo na farko, sassauta kasar gona zuwa zurfin 60 zuwa 80 mm bayan seedlings sun bayyana. Soilasar ƙasa tsakanin layuka dole ne a kwance ta zuwa zurfin 12 zuwa 18 santimita nan da nan kafin ban ruwa, godiya ga wannan, ruwa ya shiga tushen tsarin da sauri. Duk da yake kwance farfaɗar ƙasa, ɗan ƙarami a cikin bushes, saboda wannan za su zama mafi karko.

Thinning

Idan an shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, to, bayan seedlings sun samar da farantin ganye na 2 na ainihi, dole ne a fitar da su, yayin da suke cikin rami 1 lokacin da ake girma da kabewa mai yalwar itace, yakamata plantlet ɗin ya kasance, kuma nutmeg ko haushi mai wuya - 2. Thinning ya kamata a maimaita yayin samar da farantin ganye na uku ko na huxu a cikin tsirrai. Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa ba shi yiwuwa a cire karin tsire-tsire a kowane yanayi, in ba haka ba zaka iya cutar da tushen sauran 'yan seedlings. A wannan batun, wuce haddi plantlets dole ne a yanka a matakin saman farfajiya na shafin.

Suman miya

A karo na farko ana ciyar da kabewa tare da bayani na taki ko dusar ƙurar kaza (1: 4), ana amfani da takin ƙasa zuwa ƙasa 7 bayan dasawa seedlings a cikin ƙasa a buɗe ko kuma kwanaki 20 bayan shuka iri a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata a ciyar da suman a Organic sau 3 ko sau 4 a cikin makonni hudu.

Irin wannan al'ada tana amsawa da kyau ga miya tare da mafita cakudawar lambu (na guga 1 na ruwa daga gra 40 zuwa 50), yayin da ake ɗaukar lita 1 na abinci mai gina jiki a kowane daji 1. Haka kuma an ba da shawarar don ciyar da bushes tare da bayani na itace ash (gilashin 1 da guga na ruwa). Kafin ciyar da kabewa a karo na farko, ya kamata a yi furrow a kusa da daji daga zurfin 60 zuwa 80 mm a nesa na santimita 10 zuwa 12. Sannan an zuba wani sinadari mai gina jiki a cikin wannan tsron.Tare da ciyarwa na gaba, zurfin tsaran yakamata ya zama daga santimita 10 zuwa 12, yayin da kusan santimita 40 ya kamata a dawo da shi daga daji. Bayan an gabatar da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki a cikin furrows, ya kamata a rufe su da ƙasa. Idan an kafa yanayin girgije a cikin dogon lokaci, dole ne a bi da bushes tare da mafitar urea (10 grams da 1 guga na ruwa).

Karin kwari ko cututtuka na kabewa tare da hotuna da sunaye

Cutar

Suman na iya shafar cututtukan fungal, alal misali: ƙasan baƙar fata, mildew powdery, rot, ascochitosis da anthracnose.

Baƙin fata

Idan daji ya shafi murhun baƙi, to, a tsakanin jijiyoyin ganye farantin launin ruwan ƙasa mai launin shuɗi-rawaya akan akan sa, yayin da cutar ta haɓaka, murfin duhu mai duhu yana bayyana a farfajiyar su, wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayar naman gwari. Lokacin da aibobi suka bushe, ramuka suka fara zama a maimakon su. Fruitsa fruitsan Youngan'ara za su narke, kuma ci gaban su ya daina.

Ascochitosis

Idan bushes ba shi da lafiya tare da ascochitosis, to, a kan harbe, foliage kuma a cikin nodes na mai tushe, a farko manyan brownish-rawaya aibobi an kafa, sa'an nan kuma haske aibobi ana kafa tare da chlorotic iyaka, kuma baki pycnids bayyana a kan su farfajiya, wanda dauke da jikin pathogenic naman gwari. Daji ya bushe ya mutu.

Powdery mildew

Cutar sananniyar cuta ce mildew powdery. A kan tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, wani lokacin farin ciki mai laushi na siffofin launi, wanda yayi kama da gari mai yafa masa, yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin naman gwari. Ruwan ganye da aka shafa ya bushe, kuma lalacewa da dakatar da ci gaban kabewa an kuma lura. Cutar na tasowa cikin hanzari cikin yanayi na canjin yanayi mai zafi da iska.

Anthracnose

Idan kabewa ya shafa da anthracnose, to manyan wuraren ruwa na launin rawaya launin shuɗi akan faranti. A cikin yanayin ruwa sosai, yanayin murfin ruwan hoda kan farfajiya na hanjin ganye. Yayinda cutar ta bunkasa, aibobi masu launin ruwan hoda suna bayyana a kan petioles, ganye, pumpkins da harbe, yayin da kaka ya shafi wuraren da abin ya shafa ya zama baƙar fata. Tare da ƙara zafi, haɓakar anthracnose yana faruwa da sauri.

Farar ƙasa

Ci gaban farin rot aka lura a duk sassa na bushes, yayin da tushen tsarin ke shafi, fruiting harbe bushewa kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa rage. A farfajiyar kabewa mai launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa, farar ƙasa ta bayyana. Gamsai na iya kafawa a saman harbe.

Lokacin da aka lalace bushes ɗin ta hanyar launin toka, launin toka mai launin shuɗi ana kafa shi a farfajiyarsa, wanda ke haɗuwa da sauri tare da juna kuma yana shafan daji baki ɗaya.

Haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta galibi yakan faru saboda lalacewa ta hanyar ovaries ko slugs ga ovaries ko matasa pumpkins a cikin matsanancin yawa m plantings.

Karin kwari

Gourds, aphids, ko farin ƙusoshin, wireworms, slugs zasu iya rayuwa akan kabewa.

Matsawa

Slugs gnaw a ganye, yayin da daga can ya rage kawai cibiyar sadarwa na veins. Tare da tsawan lokacin ruwa, akwai da yawa irin wannan kwari. Bugu da kari, zasu iya rayuwa da lalata wasu tsire-tsire da aka noma shekaru da yawa.

Aphids masu ban sha'awa

Melon aphids na iya cutar da furanni, mai tushe, da ƙusoshin ganye da ganyayyaki. Ganyayyaki ya zama ya bushe kuma ya bushe.

Wawaye

Podurs insectsan ƙananan kwari ne na farin launi, yayin da tsawon jikin silinda kusan 0.2 cm, suna ciyar da sassan ƙasa na daji, har ma a kan tsaba. Irin wannan kwaro ya fi aiki a yanayin sanyi tare da zafi mai-zafi.

Wireworms

Wireworms sune larvae na irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro, wanda ke lalata tushen wuyan matasa bushes, wannan yana haifar da mutuwarsu. Irin waɗannan kwari sun fi so su tara a cikin ƙananan layin ƙasa.

Aiwatarwa

Ya kamata a kula da suman idan akwai alamun rashin lafiya ko kuma lokacin da kwari suka bayyana. An kuma bada shawarar yin rigakafin kai a kai a kai, tunda yafi sauki don hana lalacewar da wata cuta ta magance warkar da cututtukan bushes.

Don hana shan kashi na kabewa fungal cututtuka, shi wajibi ne don bi da dokokin amfanin gona juyawa da agrotechnical, da presowing aiki iri ba za a bari. Idan an lura da alamun farko na cutar, to, bushes da gonar suna buƙatar magani tare da maganin maganin cakuda Bordeaux (1%) ko wani shiri na fungicidal. Hakanan, a cikin bazara da kaka, shafin dole ne a fesa tare da Fitosporin, wanda zai iya kare bushes daga cututtuka masu yawa.

Don kawar da tarkace, za su buƙaci a tattara su da hannu ko kuma tarkuna na musamman suna buƙatar yin hakan. A wurare da yawa akan rukunin yanar gizon, kuna buƙatar sanya jita-jita, wanda ya kamata ya cika da giya, to, ana duba su da tsari kuma an tattara tarin kwari.

Don share yankin na wireworms, zaku kuma buƙaci ku sa tarkuna da yawa. Don yin wannan, tono ramuka rabin mitir mai zurfi a cikin abin da suke sanya kayan lambu na tushen (beets ko karas) a gunduwa-gunduwa, kuma a rufe ramin tare da garkuwan katako, allon, ko rufin ji. Wajibi ne a gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na tarkuna, yayin da kwari da ke can suke lalata.

Don rabu da sublevels, ƙasa ƙasa kusa da bushes an ƙura da itace ash. Kuma don lalata aphids, zaka iya amfani da Karbofos ko Phosphamide, kuma zaka iya amfani da maganin sabulu (0.3 kilogiram na sabulu a guga 1 na ruwa). Har ila yau, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa bushes da aka raunana kuma suna da rauni sosai ga kwaro da cuta.

Suman daukana da adanawa

Ana aiwatar da girkin pumpkins bayan pumpkins sun isa balaga na ilimin halittu, duk da haka, kafin girbi 'ya'yan itãcen, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa cikakke cikakke ne sosai. Yana yiwuwa a fahimci cewa kabewa ya farfado bisa ga alamu da yawa: ganyayen da ke tattare da nau'in daskararrun-itace suna bushewa ana kuma lura da samfuran su, yayin da ake nuna alama mai kyau akan muscat da manyan kabewa.

Ya kamata a aiwatar da tarin kabewa a yanayin bushewa bayan sanyi na farko, bayan haka ganye na kabewa zai mutu. Ana dafa naman alade da sabulun itace, sannan zasu buƙaci rarrabewa da girman su da ingancin su. Dole ne a yi wannan a hankali don kada a cutar da 'ya'yan itacen. Dole ne a sarrafa injuna da suka lalace ko mara nauyi, kuma waɗanda ke da niyyar ajiya na dogon lokaci dole ne a bushe su sosai a cikin rana ko a cikin ɗaki mai bushe da bushewa na kwanaki 15, yayin da dole ne a dasa dabbobin kuma dole ne a yi haushi sosai. Sannan ana ajiye kabewa.

Kafin sanyi na farko, ana iya adanar kabewa akan loggia, baranda ko cikin busasshiyar ciyawa, yayin da ake rufe su da sutturar ƙuraje ko bambaro daga sama. Bayan da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya sauka zuwa digiri 5, ya kamata a tura kabewa zuwa wurin zama inda yakamata ya bushe da dumi, yayin da zazzabi kada ya kasance ƙasa da digiri 14, a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin ya kamata a adana shi tsawon rabin wata. Bayan wannan, ana buƙatar cire kabewa zuwa ɗakin mai sanyaya (kimanin digiri 3-8), kuma iska mai iska ya kamata ya kasance daga kashi 60 zuwa 70 bisa ɗari, idan an yi komai daidai, za su iya kwanciya a wurin har sai lokacin bazara da kuma kafin sabon girbin. Don adana kabewa, zaku iya zaɓar kayan ɗaki, busar bushe ko cellar. Idan kun adana kabewa a cikin wani wuri mai dumama (daga digiri 15 zuwa 20), to asarar nauyin 20 na nauyin, kuma wataƙila za su lalace. Idan akwai yawancin kabewa, to, ana iya adana shi akan mayaf don adanawa, yayin da dole ne a rufe farfajiyar da ciyawa. A kansu, kabewa ya kamata a shimfiɗa a jere 1, alhali bai kamata su taɓa juna ba. Hakanan za'a iya ajiye su a cikin kwalaye, yayin yayyafa da bushe gansakuka. Dole ne a sami iska mai kyau a cikin ajiya. Hakanan za'a iya adana buhunan abinci a cikin lambu a cikin ramuka mai hatsi, ƙasa da ganuwar waɗanda ya kamata a yi liyi tare da bambaro, kauri ya kamata ya zama daidai da santimita 25. Tare da sanyi na farko, dole ne a jefa maɓuɓɓugar a cikin ƙasa, yayin yin ramuka da yawa don samun iska, a cikin tsananin sanyi dole ne a rufe su, kuma yayin narkewa ana buɗe su. Idan babu 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa, ana iya ajiye su don ajiya a cikin ɗaki ko a cikin gida, yayin zabar wurin duhu, tsaba ba zai yi tsiro a wurin ba, naman ba zai sami ɗanɗano mai ɗaci ba. An adana kabewa da aka sare akan shiryayyen firiji.

Iri da nau'ikan kabewa

Akwai nau'ikan kabewa da yawa waɗanda aka yi niyya don narkar a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, tunda yana da matukar wahala a shuka irin wannan babban kayan lambu a cikin greenhouse. Koyaya, a cikin yanki mai sanyi da gajeren lokacin bazara, irin wannan shuka za'a iya girma a cikin greenhouse. 'Yan lambu sun girma nau'ikan kabewa uku.

Kabewa na gama gari (Cucurbita pepo), ko haushi mai wuya

A cikin wannan tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara na ganye, kabewa masu santsi da girma, suna da siffar zagaye. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna da launi mai launin rawaya, amma akwai wasu nau'ikan waɗanda waɗanda aka zana 'ya'yan itacen a launuka daban-daban. Ana lura da yin hawan a cikin watan Satumba. Tsawon kodadde rawaya ko fari tsaba daga 30 zuwa 40 mm, fatar su tayi kauri. Idan an adana kabewa daidai, za su iya kwanciya har sabon amfanin gona. Wadannan nau'ikan da suka shahara sune:

Spaghetti. Wannan iri-iri na da tsinkaye, tare da pumpkins din a cikin makonni 8. Boiled ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace ya fashe har zuwa maɗaurin muryoyin, waɗanda suke da ɗan kama a bayyanar taliya. Dukansu sanyi da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara zafi suna da daɗi.
Naman kaza 189. Wannan farkon nau'in ya shahara sosai. Kabewa yana girma a cikin daji, a kansa, a matsayin mai mulkin, wasu 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka danne kadan sun girma a tushe daga' ya'yan itacen, wanda suke da sifar kamanninsu, suna da nauyin kilo 6-7. Kwakunan 'ya' ya 'yan itacen suna da launi mai ƙanƙara mai launi tare da gutsutsuren kore. An fentin daskararre da m ɓangaren fure a cikin ruwan launi mai zurfi.
Almond. Matsakaici-ripening hawa iri-iri. Pumpkins mai kamanni zagaye-nau'i mai nauyin kilo 5. Kirim mai tsami mai laushi da nama mai laushi yana da launi mai ruwan-zaki.
Acorn. Wannan nau'ikan da suka dace suna iya zama hawa ko daji. Pumpkins ba su da girma launin rawaya, kore ko kusan baki, a bayyanar sun yi kama da na ciki. Jiki mara ƙwaya mai launin shuɗi ko kusan fari. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta Acorn.
Freckle. Bush pumpkins na farkon iri-iri ba su da girman raga kore, suna yin kimanin kilo 3. Launin pan rawaya mai launin shuɗi ne ko lemo, ba ya daɗaɗi, ƙwayoyin ƙanana ne.
Bush lemu. Kinsanyen fure masu ɗorewa masu nauyi sun cika kilo 5, kuma ainihin shine mai laushi da taushi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na da ingancin kiyayewa.
Altai 47. Irin wannan farkon farkon cikakke iri-iri na duniya ana amfani da shi ta hanyar yawan aiki, 'ya'yan itãcen sun girma cikin makonni 8. An yi zane-zane na daskararre a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi-rawaya, sun auna kilogiram 2-5. A farfajiyar su akwai wasu launuka masu launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi-mai haske. A ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace ne fibrous. A iri ne sanyi resistant da kyau kwarai kiyaye ingancin.

Muscat Suman (Cucurbita moschata)

Wurin haihuwa irin wannan kabewa shine Amurka ta Tsakiya (Mexico, Peru da Columbia). A kan harbe-harben akwai farare-ganye na ganye a kai-a kai, a saman su akwai barna. Pumpkins ne ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi ko rawaya, a farfajiya akwai tabo na fari mai launi. Daƙƙarfan laushi mai ƙanshi na ɗanɗano mai laushi yana da laushi da taushi. Seedsananan tsaba na launin launin shuɗi-launin toka tare da gefen yana gudana rim mai launi mai duhu. Wannan nau'in yana da nau'ikan da ake kira chalmoid, tunda pumpkins suna da siffar sabon abu. Mafi mashahuri iri:

Nutmeg. Dogayen layuka da yawa tare da kabewa masu nauyin kilogram.5.5. A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne mai yawa mai yawa da kuma mai dadi, ana canza launin ruwan 'ya'yan lemo.
Fadar Kadu. A cikin irin wannan hawan jigilar-iri-iri, manyan kabewa masu zagaye suna zagaye cikin ruwan lemu, yawansu yakai kilo 10. Orange m da zaki da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai dadi sosai.
Lu'ulu'u. Irin wannan marigayi iri-iri yana da adadin duhu 'ya'yan itãcen duhu of 7 kilo. Jiki mai haske mai haske yana da laushi sosai.
Butcleut. Aan itace iri-iri tare da smallan kananan kabewa da ke da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, suna nauyin kilo 1.5. Ciki mai daskarewa Orange mai nama yana da daɗi kuma yana da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
Prikubanskaya. Matsakaici m iri-iri. Pumpkins-orange mai laushi mai laushi suna da siffar pear, suna da nauyin kilo 5. A saman su akwai tabewar lemo ko launin ruwan kasa. Jiki ja-ja mai laushi mai daɗi.
Vitamin. Wannan nau'in marigayi ne wanda yake narkarda a cikin kasa da kwanaki 130. A saman korayen korayen kore akwai launuka masu launin rawaya, sunkai kimanin kilo 7, naman jikinsu mai wadataccen orange ne.

Babban kabewa mai ɗanɗano (Cucurbita maxima)

A cikin wannan nau'in, nau'in suna da mafi girma kuma mafi yawancin kabewa masu ban sha'awa. Akwai nau'ikan da sukari ya ƙunshi kusan 15 bisa dari, wannan alamar ta fi ta kankana. An yi shinge mai shinge, shinge mai gemu kuma yana da zagaye. Itatattun Matte suna da launin ruwan kasa ko launin fari mai launin fari. A cikin wannan nau'in, idan aka kwatanta da sauran, kabewa suna yin haƙuri da ƙarancin zafi kuma suna da mafi kyawun ɗaka a ɗaka.

Dare. Bala'in wannan tsakiyar farkon yana da tsawo da ƙarfi. A farfajiyar ruwan lemuka masu launin toka akwai tufatar launin ruwan lemo, sunkai kimanin kilo 6. Kyakkyawan zaki, orange mai haske da daskararren daskararren ya ƙunshi carotene a cikin babban taro.
Marmara. A dogon-stringed marigayi iri-iri ne halin high yawan aiki. Ganyen kabewa masu launin shuɗi masu duhu suna zagaye, suna da nauyin kilogram 4.5. Kyakkyawan, kintsattse, mai yawa na ruwan lemo mai haske yana ɗauke da adadin kuzari mai yawa.
Mai dadi. Hawan farkon iri-iri. Orange-ja manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zagaye-launi sunyi nauyi kusan kilo biyu. Ana fentin mai daɗin daskararre da daskararru mai yawa a cikin ruwan launi mai duhu, yana ƙunshe da adadin Vitamin C da sugars. Wannan nau'ikan yana da sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Volga launin toka. Matsakaici mai-matsakaici yana da zagaye, dan kadan flattened, kabewa mai launin launin shuɗi, mai nauyin kilogram 9-9. A launi da ɓangaren litattafan almara bambanta daga m orange zuwa yellowish, yana da na matsakaici zaki. Iri-iri na da tsayayya ga fari kuma ana samun ingancin ingancinsa.
Murmushi. Na farko ripening iri-iri yana da ingancin kiyaye ingancin. A farfajiya na zagaye m pumpkin orange akwai dunƙulen shuɗi. Jiki mai laushi mai zaki da mai daɗuwa tare da kamshi guna mai ɗaci. Wannan kabewa yana da tsayayya da ƙarancin zafi, kuma za'a iya adana shi a gida na dogon lokaci.
Cibiyar. Bambancin daɗaɗɗar manufa ta duniya. Manya-manyan, 'ya'yan itaciya masu rawaya suna iya nauyin kilo 60 da 100. Jiki mai laushi na farin launi. Wannan kabewa an yi niyya don namo ne a cikin buyayyar wuri, ana yin girma sau da yawa saboda amfanin.
Arina. A farkon cikakke iri-iri ne unpretentious da resistant ga cuta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mai launin toka mai ƙarfi suna ragargajewa, sun auna kilo 5. Jiki mai rawaya yana da daɗi kuma mai yawa. Abubuwan suna dauke da mai mai yawa.