Tarihin wasu tsire-tsire da mutum ya shuka yana da ƙarni da yawa. Amincewa da rashin fahimta, a matsayin ɗayan tushen dangin Aroid, ya fara ne ƙarni ɗaya da rabi da suka wuce, amma har ma a wannan lokacin camfi da yawa da kuma wasu lokuta rashin daidaito game da tsire-tsire.
Daya sau da yawa ji ra'ayi ya shafi asalin Anthurium kuma shi ne cewa lushly fure nau'in su ne 'Yan asalin nahiyar mazaunan tsibirin Pacific, ciki har da Hawaii. Tabbas, samun shiga cikin wannan aljanna ta duniya mutum ba zai iya zama da mamakin bambancin duniyar shuka ba, wanda Anthuriums ya mamaye ɗayan manyan wuraren.
A yau, wannan al'ada ce da ake la'akari da "zuciyar Hawaii," alama ce da kuma talisman na gida. Da yawa daga cikin mafi yawan abubuwan da ba kasafai suke bayyana a tsibirin ba, amma, sabanin almara da Hawaiians da kansu suka yarda da su, wurin haifuwar Anthurium ba a nan bane.
Ina wurin haihuwar anthurium?
Bude daya daga cikin manyan tsiran duniyar shuka ya faru ne a shekarar 1876, lokacin da masu sha'awar boran daga Faransa Eduard Andre, suka zagaya Kudancin Amurka, basu sami daya daga cikin samfurin anthurium ba a taga. An kwashe jigilar tsiron da ba a taɓa gani ba zuwa Turai, inda aka bayyana wurin da ke cike da dazuzzukan kurmi na Columbia kuma aka karɓi sunan Anthurium andreanum.
An sami yaduwar tsiro tare da ganye ko kuma kafaffun furanni waɗanda aka yiwa kamfen da cobrescences da jan bracts da ake samu a ko'ina cikin Columbia da arewacin Ekwado. Wadannan wurare ne da za a iya la’akari da wurin haihuwar Anthurium da kuma wata cibiyar don yaduwar al'adu a duniya.
Ofayan ɗayan farko inda Anthuriums ya faɗi da izinin Turawa, kuma ya zama Hawaii. A cikin 1889, Samuel Damon, wanda ke aiki a cikin aikin mishan, ya kawo yanki mai yawa har ma ya zama Ministan Kudi na Jamhuriyar.Ya kawo tsire-tsire na fure ba sabon abu zuwa tsibiran.
Wani rashin fahimta yana da alaƙa da abin da tsire-tsire za a iya kira anthurium. Abin takaici, yawancin masu girbe furanni sune kawai Anthurium andreanum da Anthurium scherzerianum tare da inflorescences na ado. Wannan ba haka bane.
Bambancin Anthuriums
Sai dai itace cewa a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka babu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu haske tare da sigogi masu haske, amma sauran nau'ikan dabbobin.
An haɗa su a cikin halittar Anthuriums kuma suna da ban sha'awa ga duk masoyan shuka, gami da waɗanda ke cikin amfanin gona na cikin gida. Dogayen Anthuriums duka a gida da a duniya sun zama tsararre na gida da na lambun, ana yaba su da kyawun yanayin waje da kuma dorewa ko da yanke inflorescences, tsare sabo daga 2 zuwa 8 makonni.
A yau, bisa ga yawan adadin mazan jiya na masana kimiyya, dabi'ar Anthurium, wacce kewayon nata ya kai har zuwa yankuna masu zurfi da wurare masu zafi na nahiyar ta Amurka daga Mexico zuwa Paraguay, sun hada da nau'ikan 800. Kuma a shekara ta 2010, masana kimiyyar botan sun sanar da nau'ikan halittun dabbobi guda dubu daya (1,000) da kuma bukatar ci gaba da nazarin fannonin fure na Amurka.
Anthuriums suna yaɗu cikin gandun daji Andes da Cordillera. A nan, tsire-tsire sun fi so su sauka a tsaunin sama har zuwa kilomita 3.5 a saman matakin teku. Haka kuma, a tsakanin mazaunan tsibirin rairayi mai zafi ana iya samun tsire-tsire biyu na ƙasa da kuma mayukan ruwa, kazalika da nau'ikan da ke da tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Irin waɗannan anthuriums, farawa da shekaru akan ƙananan bene na gandun daji, sannu a hankali, tare da taimakon Tushen da harbe, tashi sama zuwa rana. A ƙasa, a cikin savannas tare da yanayin bushewa, zaku iya samun anthuriums, wanda ya dace da irin wannan rayuwar.
Bidiyo game da Anthurium zai gabatar da ku ga halaye na tsirrai, mazauninsu da magana game da nau'ikan da suka dace don haɓaka gida.
Daidaitawa iri iri na anthuriums yana da girma sosai. Suna da tabbaci sun zaunar da kasar gona, nau'in jinsunan mutum suna da sifofi. Kamar dai ƙanana da girma a kan kututturen rassan bishiyoyi da rassan bishiyoyi suna kallon than fari na anthuriums. Koyaya, tsire-tsire ba kwari bane. Basu dauke ruwan lemo da abinci mai gina jiki ba daga nau'in halittar da akayisu, amma suna ciyar da karamin adadi na kwayoyin halitta da danshi na iska da iskar oxygen.
Kawai matsakaici wanda bai ƙaddamar da shuka ba shine ruwa.
Duk da yawancin ra'ayoyin da Anthurium yake da ita game da danshi har ma da yiwuwar yin girma a cikin akwatin kifaye, babu ɗayan jinsin da aka yi nazarin da zai iya daidaita da rayuwa cikin ruwa.
Misali, Anthurium amnicola yana tsirowa akan duwatsun gaɓar teku, yana manne musu da tushen sa. Wannan yana bawa mai shuka damar samun oxygen daga iska mai laushi da ke fitowa daga rafi, amma duk sassan kore sun bushe.
Duk Anthuriums suna da ƙasa guda ɗaya - wannan shine Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. Amma saboda yanayin girma daban-daban, girman anthuriums da bayyanar su daga jinsuna zuwa jinsuna sun bambanta sosai.
Menene ma'anar anthurium?
Anthuriums suna da bambanci sosai, yayin da yawancin nau'ikan basu da irin wannan shimfidar gado mai launin shuɗi, kuma girman tsire-tsire na iya zama mai ɗimbin girman gaske da gaske.
Ana samun Anthuriums a yankuna da yawa na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka. Amma kamar yadda masana kimiyyar botan suka faɗi, wurin haifuwar Anthuriums mai fure mai haske shine yankin yammacin Andes a Ecuador da Columbia. Sauran nau'in suna da ban sha'awa ba saboda haske na inflorescences ba, amma saboda fallewa, wanda yake da mafi girman siffofi da girma. Koyaya, ga duk anthuriums abubuwa na yau da kullun suna da asali.
Mafi yawan anthuriums suna da kauri, sau da yawa gajeru mai tushe, densely an rufe shi da Sikeli daga matattun ganye da suka mutu, Tushen iska da ganyaye da kanta. Abin sha'awa, ganyayyaki a tsakanin halittar iri ɗaya na iya samun nau'i, girma da kayan rubutu daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari ga nau'ikan zuciya-mai kama ko siket, kamar yadda a cikin mafi yawan lokutan furanni na yau da kullun, ganye, zaku iya samun iri-iri tare da faranti masu zagaye, lanceolate, ƙaƙƙarfan faranti na ganye. Ganyen suna a haɗe da mai tushe tare da taimakon dogayen ko ƙanana.
Yayinda karar take girma, sai anthurium ya bayyana kansa a hankali, ban da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan yanayin ƙasa.
Girman anthurium da farko ya dogara da faranti na takarda, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon 15 cm zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi. Kamar yadda nau'ikan nau'ikan launuka suke da girma, haka nau'ikan samanta suke. Baya ga kyawawan ganye da ganye mai yawa, kamar anthurium na Andre, zaku iya samun ganye na roba mai laushi, har da ganye tare da daskararru, kamar Khrifalny's anthurium.
A cikin dazuzzukan daji masu yawa, inda yanayin zafi yake da girma, kuma yana da mahimmanci kada a rasa wata hasken rana, Anthuriums sun koya juya faranti na ganye domin a koyaushe ana fuskantar rana. Epiphytes da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin bushewa suna karɓar abinci da danshi saboda yanayin conical na ganyen ganye. Ragowar tsire-tsire, barbashi humus, da danshi wajibi ne ga shuka sannu a hankali shiga ciki.
Haka kuma fure na anthurium yana da alaƙa da rashin fahimta gama gari a duniya. Abinda mutane da yawa sunyi la'akari da babban fure, a gaskiya, shine inflorescence da ganye mai haske, sassauya. Akwai guda inflorescence na m spathiphyllum.
Wani inflorescence a cikin nau'i na cob, wanda ya ƙunshi fure mai ban sha'awa na biyu, na iya zama kai tsaye ko karkace, a cikin hanyar mazugi ko zagaye a ƙarshen Silinda. Launi na inflorescence ya bambanta da fari, cream ko launin shuɗi zuwa shudi, shunayya ko violet. Yayinda yake tononwa, a wasu nau'ikan kunne kunne yakan zama kore.
Kunnen kunne na anthurium bashi da kewayen babban ɗan fure ɗaya, amma ta wani ƙarfe, wanda ainihin ganye ne, kodayake fitowar sabon launi da launi ne. A cikin nau'ikan anthurium don gida, wannan murfin yana da girma da kuma ado. Sabili da haka ana kiran shuka yau "fure" ko "bakan gizo". Sunan ya dace sosai da kayan girke-girken zamani tare da shimfidar gado ba kawai launi ɗaya mai haske ba, amma haɗuwa biyu ko uku waɗanda ba a samo su a yanayi ba.
Amma a cikin nau'ikan kayan ado-deciduous, saƙar wani lokaci yana da wuya a rarrabe kwata-kwata, wanda baya hana tsire-tsire jawo hankalin kwari.
Lokacin da aka gama aiwatar da pollination, ƙananan ƙananan keɓaɓɓu ko m 'ya'yan itace ana yin su akan cob. A cikin berries mai laushi suna daga tsaba 1 zuwa 4, waɗanda a cikin yanayi, a cikin mahaifar anthuriums, tsuntsaye da beraye ke ɗaukar su.
Iri da iri na Anthurium don gidan
Shahararrun nau'ikan furanni na Anthurium ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an fara aiki a duk faɗin duniya don samun sabbin nau'ikann iri daban-daban da kuma alaƙar gargajiya. Masu shayarwa suna gabatar da nasarorin su ba kawai a shelf na kantin sayar da kayayyaki ba, har ma a wasan kwaikwayo na fure, kamar, alal misali, bikin festivalanyen tsire-tsire na vanyen masarufi na shekara-shekara a ƙarƙashin ikon Princess of Wales.
Sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki a bayyanar, waɗanda masu girki na zamani ke ɗaukar su, sun bambanta sosai da nau'ikan da aka taɓa samu a mahaifar Anthurium, a kan nahiyar ta Amurka.
Abun hadewar haila yana da alaƙa da pollination na shuka guda ɗaya tare da pollen da aka ɗauka daga wani samfurin. Irin wannan aikin an yi shi ne don samun nau'ikan launuka tare da ingantattun bayanai, manyan ganyayyaki ko wasu sigogi da mai shayar ke so. Don haɓaka sakamakon, yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa da ɗimbin tsirrai da yawa.
Fasaha na zamani, wanda ya shafi girma ba daga tsaba ba, amma daga al'adun nama wanda ke ɗaukar dukkan bayanai game da shuka na uwa, zai iya rage ci gaba da lokacin zaɓi. Godiya ga irin wannan hadadden tsarin samar da magunguna na yau, yawancin tsire-tsire na anthurium da ciniki yayi don gida, lambun da yankan ana samun su.
Godiya ga irin wannan aiki mai zurfi, anthuriums ya bayyana, masu girma dabam waɗanda suke da matukar dacewa don girma a gida, da tsirrai masu launuka masu haske. Amma nasarorin kimiyya da ƙwararrun fasahar ba koyaushe ake amfani da su ba don amfanin marowaci.
Abin takaici, yawancin masu siyar da kasuwanci suna yawan amfani da gibberellic acid ko GA3 don bunkasa anthuriums. Wannan fili shine kwaroron tsire-tsire wanda ke shafar adadin da ingancin fure, tare da bayar da tasu gudummawa ga saurin samuwar inflorescences.
Sakamakon aiki tare da irin wannan sinadari, anthurium da aka yi niyya don gida, ba tare da haɓaka ba, yana kan teburin mai haske sosai. Da zaran cikin gidan, irin waɗannan samfuran suna da wahalar yin haƙuri da ɗaukar nauyi, sannan kuma suna iya yin baƙin ciki, saboda sun fi girma da yar lokaci fiye da kafin siyan.
