Wadannan kwari kuma ana kiranta wutsiyoyi ta thymus ko tarinmbolans. Wasu nau'in a cikin ƙananan ciki suna da tsalle-tsalle na musamman (saboda haka sunan don cokali mai yatsa). Wutsiyoyi ƙusa suna ciyar da manyan tsire-tsire masu lalacewa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Koyaya, wasu lokuta suma kan kewaye sassan tsirrai.
Bayanin Taan Tashin
Collembolans, ko ƙafafu suna da matukar yaduwa, musamman a cikin yanayin latitude, akwai yawancin su a cikin tropics, ana samun su a cikin Arctic da Antarctic - duk inda akwai akalla mosses da lichens.
Collembolas, ko kusoshi (Collembola) shine babban gilasan arthropods, a cikin tsarin zamani ana rarrabe shi azaman sirri. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya sun bayyana nau'ikan tarin komputa na sama da 8,000.
Collembola Tomocerus vulgaris.
Wadannan kwari suna rayuwa galibi tsakanin tarkacewar tsirrai da kuma saman farfajiya na kasar gona, amma da yawa suna rayuwa mai zurfi a cikin kasar, sau da yawa suna shiga zurfi fiye da sauran dabbobi. Daga cikin tarin kwarokwale akwai wadanda suke rayuwa a doron kasa, kuma akwai fina-finai na ruwa wadanda suka rayu a farfajiya.
Yawan bazara kuma yayi yawa sosai. Misali, a cikin tsiran gandun daji da makiyaya, yawanci dubun dubatar masu aiki kowace mitir. Collembolans suna da bambanci sosai a duka jikin mutum da launi: a matsayinka na mai mulki, jinsin da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa kuma ba barin shi, fararen fata, ƙafafun da ke zaune a farfajiya na tsire-tsire masu launin kore, masu launin kore ne, amma cikin waɗanda ke zaune a cikin zuriyar dabbobi ko a cikin ji akwai ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa. , tare da launin toka da launin ruwan kasa, yawancin launuka masu haske ko ƙarfe mai haske.
Nailtail Orchesella villosa.
Wadancan kusoshin da suke rayuwa a farfajiyar ƙasa zasu iya motsawa sosai. Kamar yadda aka riga aka fada, a kasan farfajiyar karshen kwayar ciki akwai wani sashe na musamman da ba'a same shi ba a cikin sauran arthropods - abin da ake kira "cokali mai yatsa". A cikin yanayin kwantar da hankula, an lanƙwashe a ƙarƙashin ciki. Da sauri yana shirya wannan "filogi", kommbol ɗin ya kori abin da yake zaune kuma yayi tsalle mai tsayi.
Theusoshin da aka sa a saman ruwa (akwai wasu) na iya birgewa, suna turawa ko da daga fim ɗin ruwa - jikinsu ba ya da ruwa.
Farin kusoshi wanda a koyaushe suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasa kuma ba sa bayyana a farfajiya, ba su da “cokali mai yatsa”; za su iya rarrafe kawai tare da taimakon gajeren ƙananan ƙafafunsu, sau da yawa har ma wanda ba zai yiwu ba idan an kalle shi daga sama. Jerin bazara na cutar da tsire-tsire kamar kore smintour, ko kuma wani lokacin a cikin yawan cin glandar tushen asalin tushen m akan iblis. Wataƙila wasu nau'in za su cutar da kai tsaye ta hanyar yada spores na fungi waɗanda ke haifar da cututtukan tsire-tsire.
Sai na yi yaƙi da wutsiyoyi?
Gabaɗaya, bazara ba wai kawai cutarwa ba ce, har ma da amfani: suna ba da gudummawa ga bazuwar, canzawa cikin humus da ma'adinan ƙwayar sharan gona kuma, bisa ga bayanan zamani, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar ƙasa. Don haka kar a yi gaggawa don fitar da wutsiyoyi da zafin fushin, kamar wani sinadaran na iya zama cutarwa ga dabbobi fiye da kusoshi.
Green sintur, ƙwayar alfalfa (Sminthurus viridis).
Collembola genus Paratullbergia kiraipygos na subfamily Onychiurida (Onychiuridae).
Yadda za a koyi koyon koleji?
Girman bazara na fari ya bambanta daga 0.2 mm zuwa mm 10 (nau'in kalilan ne). Collembolans sun fi son yanayin rayuwar sirri a cikin wurare masu yawan zafi. Suna zaune a cikin ƙasa, a gindin itaciyar bishiyoyi da suka mutu, a cikin zuriyar ganye, a cikin duwatsu masu fashe. An ciyar da kusoshi tare da mycelium na fungi, plaque na ƙwayar cuta, algae, mosses, lichens. Fewan ƙabilar ne kaɗai za su iya cin tsire-tsire mafi girma. Abin takaici, yana tare da su cewa masu noman fure suna wucewa.
Ma'anar waɗannan wakilan duniyar dabba tana da wuya. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa akan tsarin tarin tarin komputa, sakamakon wanda aka ambaci misalai da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen.
Sizearancin girma da kuma sirrin rayuwar wutsiyoyi yana sa wahalar nazarin su. Rashin ingantaccen kuma ingantaccen wallafe-wallafen wadannan kungiyoyi na kwari yasa ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu a bayyana ma'anar cinikin ta hanyar mutane ba.
Abin farin, nazarin halittar ƙusa nailstail ya yi kama sosai kuma ba a buƙatar ainihin ƙarfin su. Ya isa a sani cewa waɗannan kusoshi ne kuma kar a rikita su da sauran kwari (thrips, root mealybug) da kuma ticks. Don haɓaka cikakkiyar matakan sarrafawa, idan ya cancanta.
Nailtail na cikin ruwa, ko kuma Aquatic Forktail (Podura aquatica).
Tsarin Nailtail
Wutsiyoyi ƙusa sun sami sunayensu godiya ga ƙungiyar hopi ta musamman (ƙyallen yatsar hannu) wacce take a ƙasan ciki. Ana amfani da cokali mai yatsa ta ƙugiya ta musamman a cikin sandunan da aka rufa. Idan ya cancanta, an saki cokali mai yatsa kuma, buga ƙasa, ya jefa kommbole ɗin gaba da gaba. Wasu nau'ikan kolin suna da nau'in jiki wanda ke daɗaɗɗiyar ruɗani. Ana kiransu da al'ada wawaye. Sauran bangarorin an bambanta su ta hanyar zagaye jiki da jikin mara lafiyan, ana kiran su da yawa smintura. A cikin hankali, wannan ba daidai bane. Sintures kawai wani bangare ne na kusoshi wanda ke da kyawun siffar jiki.
Collembole larvae gaba daya maimaita jikin mutum na manya mutane, bambanta daga gare su kawai a cikin girma da balaga.
Launi na colembol (podur da smintur) ya bambanta sosai. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da fari, launin toka, launin shuɗi, ko launin ruwan ƙasa mai launi, wani lokacin tare da kayan ƙarfe. Wakilan wasu janareto na iya samun tsarin marmara, ba sau da yawa - guda ɗaya ko fiye da ratsewar hanya. Wasu cmintures na iya samun bayyananniyar bitmap.
A lokacin da girma tsire-tsire na cikin gida, podurs ne mafi yawanci fari, launin toka a launi, wani lokacin tare da greenish, ko kayan ƙarfe-ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
Lalacewar Nailtail
Guda lalacewa ta hanyar wasu 'yan wawaye ba zasu iya haifar da lalacewar shuka sosai ba. Babban poduras (1-1.5 mm) na iya haifar da lalacewa ta ainihi da ƙima ga 'yan ƙwayoyi kawai. Harbi a mataki na buɗe ganyen cotyledon ana cinye shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar colmbolas.
Green sintur, ƙwayar alfalfa.
Laifin da ke tattare da wawaye kuma yana da mahimmanci a lokuta idan akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, kuma zazzabi a cikin dakin yayi ƙasa. Tsire-tsire suna raunana ta hanyar mummunan yanayin suna rage jinkirin ci gaba da haɓakawa kuma ba sa iya sake yin tsari koyaushe. Yawancin raunin da wawaye ke jawowa a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin suna zama ƙofar buɗewa don ɗimbin ƙwayoyin fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba za su iya raunana kawai ba, har ma suna lalata wasu tsirrai a cikin tarinku.
Yadda zaka magance kusoshi
A cikin girma tare da tsire-tsire na manya, akwai kusan kullun na'urori kuma babu buƙatar gudanar da gwagwarmaya ta kai tsaye a kansu a ƙarƙashin fasahar noma ta al'ada. Babban gwargwado don magance barkewar yawan podur na iya zama kawai da bin ka'idodin fasahohin aikin gona na zamani na shuka tsirrai.
Ya kamata substrate ɗin ya ƙunshi babban adadin ɗumbin rayayyun kayan haɗin gwaiwa (ganye mara ganye, ganyen shayi, sawar rigar ado). Yakamata kundin ya kasance yana da kyawawan malalewa, yana hana tsayayyen danshi a cikin ƙasa. Watering ne matsakaici, kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe. Ofarar tukunya ya dace da girman tushen tsarin. Wurin da ba a ɗauka nan gaba kadan daga tushen tsiro zai mallaki fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta, algae, ƙasa zata zama mai daɗi, wawaye kuma zasu sake ta.
Yawan podur da ke haifar da yawan kwantar da hankalin mites, wadanda kuma kusan a koyaushe suke a cikin kasa.
Idan akwai daɗin ruwa da yawa, canza ƙasa don sabo. Idan labarin ya maimaita, to, sake bitar tsarin ƙasa da kuma tsarin shayarwa.
A cikin yanayin inda kuke buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa don rage yawan podura, zaku iya amfani da magungunan kashe kwari na kwari (Mospilan, Aktara, da sauransu). Zai yuwu a iya dakatar da kuma taƙaita iyakance adadin podur ta ƙara citramon ko ascofen (rabin kwamfutar hannu zuwa lita biyu na ruwa) a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa.
Milipede daga aji na Symphyla da Poduromorpha collembola.
A lokacin da shuka tsaba na Saintpaulia da streptocarpus, dole ne a cika tudu a hankali. Kwalin da ake shuka tsaba dole ne a kasance cikin iska kuma ba shi da buhunan magudanan ruwa damar zuwa kwaro. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a cika waɗannan buƙatun lokacin da akwai ƙarancin tsaba, ko ƙarfin germination na tsaba na wannan matasan yana ƙanƙantar da ni.
