AkwatinBuxus) - wani nau'in halittar tsirrai na dangin boxwood. Waɗannan ƙananan bishiyoyi masu tsufa masu saurin girma da bishiyoyi waɗanda ke girma zuwa 2-12 m (lokaci-lokaci 15 m). Dangane da sabbin bayanai, sabon nau'in halittar itace yana da dabbobi sama da 100.
Sunan Latin wanda aka samo asalinsa ya fito ne daga wasu Girkanci. πύξος - littattafai, aro daga wani yare da ba a san shi ba. A cikin Dictionaryamus na Bayanin Maɗaukakiyar Harshe na Rasha, an jera wasu sunayen Rasha don boxwood - akwatin axle, itacen kore, gevan, bukspan, shamshit, har ma da itacen dabino. Sakonni: Crantzia, Notobuxus, Tricera
Boxwood. S Van SwearingenA cikin Rasha, itace mafi yawa ana yin girma a matsayin tukunyar tukunya, kuma a cikin yankuna masu dumin yanayi, kamar shinge.
Bugu da kari, boxwood yana daya daga cikin tsirrai na gargajiya na bonsai, domin wannan katako yana da fa'ida da yawa: yana girma a cikin karamin kwano, yana jure da girki, ciyayi da kyau, yana da ƙananan ganye, kuma shuka ce mai amfani.
Bayanin Botanical Boxwood
Ganyen boxwood suna akasin haka, daga elliptical zuwa kusan zagaye, baki mai faɗi, fata.
Furen furanni na Boxwood ƙananan ne, marasa daidaituwa, a cikin inflorescences na axillary, ƙanshi.
'Ya'yan itacen itace akwati mai rufi uku, wanda idan ya yi toho, sai ya watse kuma ya watsar da baƙi mai baƙi.
Boxwood. In TuinierenKulawar Boxwood
Zazzabi:
A lokacin rani, yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin da aka saba, kodayake akwatinwood ya fi son a sanya shi a waje. Kuna iya ɗaukar shi zuwa baranda lokacin da barazanar bazara ta wuce, don kawo shi a cikin kaka, tare da yanayin sanyi na farko. Boxwood ya kamata hunturu a cikin yanayin sanyi tare da iyakance ruwa. Don nau'in thermophilic, mafi yawan zafin jiki na hunturu ya kusan 16-18 ° C, ba ƙasa da 12 ° C ba. Speciesan itacen dake da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi yakan iya yin sanyi a cikin ƙasa ta buɗe tare da tsari.
Walkiya:
Boxwood yana son haske mai yaduwa mai haske. A lokacin rani, za a buƙaci shading daga tsakar rana kai tsaye. A cikin lambun, ana sanya akwatinwood a cikin inuwa ta halitta ta manyan bushes ko bishiyoyi.
Watering akwatinwood:
A lokacin rani yana da wadatacce, a cikin hunturu - mafi karancin yawa dangane da yawan zafin jiki.
Taki:
Tsakanin Maris da Agusta, kowane mako biyu. Takin don azaleas ya dace.
Tashin hankali:
Boxwood yana amsawa da kyau don fitar da ruwa lokaci-lokaci tare da ruwan tsaye.
Akwatin Boxwood:
A shekara a cikin ƙasa tare da amsa pH kusa da tsaka tsaki. Cakuda 1 part coniferous ƙasa, 2 sassan leafy ƙasa, 1 ɓangaren yashi (vermiculite, perlite). Kuna iya ƙara guda na gawayi gawayi. Ana buƙatar ingantaccen malalewa, damar dasa shuki kada yayi sarari sosai, in ba haka ba ana hana shuka tsirowa a cikin girma.
Boxwood. X fox-da-fernSake bugun Boxwood
Boxwood ya yadu ta hanyar itace da tsaba. A cikin al'ada, yawanci yakan yada shi ta bazara da kaka, tunda tsaba suna da lokacin hutawa sosai. Bishiyar katako ta dauki tsayi da wahala. Ya kamata a raba gefuna biyu a gindi, kada ya wuce 7 cm kuma a sami 2-3 a ciki. Don tushen tushe, ana bada shawara don amfani da phytohormones (tushe, heteroauxin) da dumama ƙasa a cikin ɗakin greenhouse.
Rarraba da tsirrai
Akwai manyan wuraren zama uku:
- Nahiyar Afirka - a cikin dazuzzukan daji da dazuka-kwari a kudu da Equatorial Africa da Madagascar,
- Amurka ta Tsakiya - a cikin tsaunuka da mayukan ruwa na kudu a arewacin Mexico da Cuba (nau'in 25 masu cike da tashe); Abubuwan Amurkawa sune tsire-tsire mafi girma na halittar, saurin kai girman bishiyoyi masu matsakaici (har zuwa 20 m),
- Yuro-Asiya - daga Tsibirin Biritaniya ta hanyar Kudancin Turai, Asiaan Asiya da Yammacin Asiya, Transcaucasia, China zuwa Japan da Sumatra.
A Rasha, a bakin Tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus, a cikin gorges da kwarin kogin a matakin na biyu na gandun daji, jinsi daya ya girma - Boxwood Colchis, ko Caucasian (Buxus colchica). Tsarin dajin musamman na katako yana cikin tsakiyar kogin Tsitsa a cikin dajin Qitsinsky na dajin Kurdzhip a Jamhuriyar Adygea, yana da matsayin rukunin yanar gizon tare da tsarin kariya. Yankin sa kusan kadada 200 ne.
Boxwood Colchis, rassa tare da ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. © LazaregagnidzeYankin akwatinwood kullun yana raguwa saboda faduwa. Musamman ma manyan wuraren da katako ke dasa bishiyoyi a cikin bazara na shekarar 2009 a lokacin gina titin Olympic Adler - Krasnaya Polyana. Dubun duban tsoffin kwarya ne aka ɗauke su aka binne.
Boxwoods tsire-tsire ne marasa fassara: suna girma akan dutse mai ban tsoro, a gefunan gandun daji, cikin katako mai ban tsoro da gandun daji mai duhu. M mai haƙuri-m, amma kuma zafi-auna. A dabi'a suna rayuwa a kan ƙasa na acidic dan kadan.
Matsayin tsaro
An jera Colchis boxwood a cikin Littafin Rubutun Kayayyaki na Federationungiyar Rasha.
Ma'ana da Aikace-aikace
Boxwood yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsire-tsire na ornamental da aka yi amfani da su don gyara shimfidar wuri da kayan ado na ornamental (galibi ana kiranta Buchusus) An daraja shi don kambi mai kyau mai kauri, ƙyalli mai haske da ikon yin haƙuri da aski, wanda zai ba ka damar ƙirƙirar shinge da kan iyakoki daga gare su, kazalika da sifofi marasa kyau waɗanda suke riƙe da kamanninsu na dogon lokaci.
Katolika a Yammacin Turai suna yin ado da gidajensu tare da rassan katako a ranar Lahadi Lahadi.
Boxwood
Boxwood nau'in spelwood ne mara amfani da makaman nukiliya. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin itacen da aka yanke sabo, bambancin launi tsakanin sapwood da itacen cikakke kusan babu wanda ba zai iya yiwuwa ba. Itace katako wanda aka bushe itace yana da launi madaidaiciya mai launi daga haske zuwa rawaya da waxy, wanda duhu yayi ɗan lokaci tare da lokaci, da kuma tsari mai kama ɗaya tare da kunkuntar shekara-shekara. Jirgin ruwan ƙanana ne, mai kaɗaici, ba a ganin ido tsirara. Babban haskoki kusan ba a ganuwa suke yankewa. Itace take dandana dan kadan, babu kamshin gaskiya.
Boxwood a cikin baho. In tuinierenBoxwood shi ne mafi wuya kuma mafi yawa daga duk wanda aka samu a Turai. Ensaƙƙarwarsa daga 830 kg / m absolutely (cikakken bushe) zuwa 1300 kg / m fresh (wanda aka yanke), kuma tsaurinsa ya kasance daga 58 N / mm (radial) zuwa 112 N / mm² (ƙarshen).
Boxwood yana da ƙarfi fiye da hornbeam a cikin ƙarfi: matsawa tare da zaruruwa - kusan 74 MPa, tare da ƙwanƙwasa ƙuri'a - 115 MPa.
Ana amfani da katako mai katako don karamin sassaka itace, a cikin kera kananan jita-jita, ƙanƙara chess, cue ball don kunna novus, kayan kida, sassan injin, wanda ya buƙaci tsayayyar suttura a hade tare da madaidaiciyar ƙasa: rollers na mashin bugawa , spools da sutturar saƙa, kayan kida, cikakkun bayanai na kayan kwalliya da na tiyata. Yankunan masu saurin zuwa wurin yin bututun hayaƙi ne.
Ana amfani da katako na katako kusa da fiber (butt) na itace a cikin katako (katako). Boxwood shine mafi kyawun itacen katako, kuma wannan ya haifar da kusan lalacewa a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 19, lokacin da aka yanke zane-zane a jaridu a duniya akan katako, wasu lokuta girman jaridu ke yadawa.
An yi Sawn veneers kuma ana yin shi a cikin adadi kaɗan daga itacen katako, ta amfani da injin musamman tare da bakin ciki. A cikin karni na XX da XXI vetier saboda babban farashin ana amfani dashi kawai don inlays.
Tsuge (sunan Japan na wasan dambe) itace wacce ake yin adadi don yin wasan kwaikwayo.
Bayar da sayar da katako na katako a kasuwa kanada wuya, kuma farashinta yayi yawa sosai.
Amfani da sandwood a matsayin tsirrai na magani
Tuni a zamanin d, a, an yi amfani da akwatinwood a matsayin magani a kan maganin tari, cututtukan hanji da kuma ciwan jiki, alal misali, zazzabin cizon sauro. A matsayin magani ga zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ake zargin, yayi kama da aiki tare da quinine. A yau, ba a cika yin amfani da shirye-shiryen wasan katako ba saboda yawan gubarsu, tunda suna da wahalar yin daidai gwargwado. Yawan shan ruwa na iya haifar da amai, amai har da mutuwa. Homeopaths har yanzu suna amfani da sandwood a matsayin magani don maganin ƙin fata.
Kuma kadan more myismism ...
Ana amfani da Boxwood don yin amulet. An yi imani da cewa sandunan itacen katako suna aiki ne a matsayin abin ban mamaki na ban mamaki daga fuskoki daban-daban, daga sihiri mai duhu, alal misali, daga mummunan ido da rashawa, daga lalata makamashi. Bugu da kari, sandunan katako da aka sanya a karkashin matashin kai na iya kariya daga mummunan mafarki. Akwai kuma ra'ayi cewa idan mutum ya ɗauka kullun katako tare da shi, wannan yana ba shi kyautar magana da kuma kare shi daga haɗari. Bugu da kari, anyi amfani da allurar farko daga boxwood a matsayin "fadar" ga masu sihiri. Wadannan 'katako' 'katako masu tsafi suna "rufe" masihirta, basu basu damar amfani da karfinsu don mugunta ba.
Boxwood a cikin tukunya. © Zoran RadosavljevicM Properties
Duk sassan tsire-tsire kuma musamman ganyayyaki masu guba ne. Boxwood ya ƙunshi kusan alkaloids 70, da sauransu cyclobuxin D. Abubuwan da ke cikin alkaloids a cikin ganyayyaki da haushi kusan 3%. Na mutuwa kashi cyclobuxin D ga karnuka, 0.1 MG a kilo kilogram na nauyin jikin yayin ɗauka ta baka.
