Tabbas, yawancin mazaunan ƙasarmu sun saba da ɗan ciyawa mai laushi wanda ana iya samun kusan ko'ina: a cikin gandun daji masu haske, a gefuna, a kan makiyaya. Wannan shi ne ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan St John's wort - St John na wort perforated (Hypericum perforatum).
Hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum)Ta yaya matsakaiciyar St John's Wort ya sami ƙauna ba kawai tsakanin mutane ba, har ma a tsakanin masana kimiyya, da farko likitoci? A tsire-tsire ba su ƙidaya kyawawan halaye. Ya ƙunshi bitamin C, carotene, mai mai mahimmanci da tannins, abubuwa masu ɗorewa. Shirye-shirye da aka yi daga St John's wort suna da astringent, hemostatic da antimicrobial Properties, sun sami damar tayar da jijiyoyin nama. Don haka ya yi suna a cikin mutane “magani don cututtuka 99“.
Don ƙarin bayani game da kaddarorin magani na Hypericum perforatum, duba labarin St John's Wort - "mai warkarwa mai rauni"
Ko ta yaya, tsiron da muke girmama mu, ya zama sako mai cutarwa a cikin wuraren kiwo na Arewacin Amurka, Australia, New Zealand. Me yasa manoma a waɗannan ƙasashe ke damuwa? Sai dai itace cewa dabba-yãƙi sa mai tsanani cututtuka na dabbobi. Dawakai da tumaki suna matukar kulawa da shi. Da kyau, wannan tabbas mai yiwuwa ne inda sunan ya fito “St John na wort“.
Za'a iya samun nau'ikan wort na St John a cikin yanayi a wurare daban-daban, har ma a cikin savannah na Afirka. Ramin tsaunin, zuwa yanki mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, ba baƙon yake da su. Don haka, ana samun wort St John na Kenya ko da a wani tsauni mai nisan 4300 m sama da matakin teku.
A zahiri, bayyanar wadannan tsirrai daban. Zasu iya zama ciyayi masu ƙarancin ƙasa, shishiyoyi, wanda ɓangaren ƙasa ya mutu akan hunturu, kusan flawned, creeping ko madaidaitan bishiyoyi masu girma dabam, duka ɓoyayyen da disiduous. Hatta ƙananan bishiyoyi sun shahara. Amma yawancin jinsunan St John's wort suna girma, fure kuma basu daskare da kyau kawai a cikin yanayin dumama da yankuna marasa ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, don haɓaka su akan rukunin yanar gizon su, dole ne mutum ya san ko zaɓaɓɓun jinsin da aka zaɓa sun dace da yanayin mu.
Dole ne in faɗi nan da nan cewa a cikin nau'ikan herbaceous akwai wasu da ke da damuna-hunturu, amma sun fi ƙasa ado.
Hypericum calyxinum (Hypericum calycinum)Wanne hypericum za a iya girma a tsakiyar Rasha? Zabi daga nau'ikan nau'ikan mafi yawan kayan ado, Kafinta. L. raba su cikin tsananin hunturu zuwa rukuni uku. Tsire-tsire na farko na iya jure yanayin zafin shekara-shekara na -29 ° С, na biyu - har -24 ° С, kuma na uku - har zuwa -17 ° С. Ita ce nau'in daga rukunin farko da suka fi ko ƙarancin aminci a tsakiyar bel ɗin Russia. Misali St John na wort (H. densiflorum) da Kalma (N. kalmianum). Na farko shine gabas, na biyu a cikin jihohin tsakiyar Arewacin Amurka. An bambanta su da tsayin daji. Idan St John's wort zai iya isa 3 m, to St. John's wort Calma bai wuce mita 1. Duk jinsunan suna da laushi-taɓawa, ganye mai duhu mai duhu tare da ƙwanƙwasa mai haske. Abubuwan furanni na ash-rawaya-rawaya, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin babban corymbose inflorescences, suna bayyana a tsakiyar bazara kuma suna ci gaba da buɗewa har zuwa kaka.
Yankunan rukuni na rukuni na biyu, duk da kwanciyar hankali na dangi, ya kamata a dasa su a wuraren kariya daga iska mai sanyi, kuma a cikin hunturu suna rufe tushen tsarin tare da ganyayyaki ko reshe rassan. Nan da nan yin ajiyar wuri wanda a zazzabi na -25game daTare da waɗannan matakan, za su tabbatar da rashin isa, tsire-tsire na iya yin farin ciki ko ma mutuwa. Sabili da haka, yana da mafi aminci don shuka su a kudu daga Moscow. Yawancin nau'ikan rukunin wannan rukunin ana iya kiran su da sunan Beast Olympic (H. olimpicum). Kasarsa ta asali ita ce Bulgaria da Turkiya. Wannan shi ne dwarf, tare da drooping rassan, ko ma wani creeping deciduous shrub tare da ƙaramin, har zuwa 4 cm dogon bluish super-karfi, elliptical, na bakin ciki fata. Lemun tsami mai launin rawaya ko mai haske mai haske, wani lokacin tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, mai kama da tauraruwa, da aka tattara a bunches, suna fitowa a ƙarshen tseren a watan Yuli. St John na wort yana da iri-iri "Citrinum" ("Citrinum") tare da manyan furanni har zuwa 3.5 cm a diamita.
St John na wort (N. amurka) hailing daga Caucasus. Tana da dogon zanen zinari da ke fitowa daga furanni masu launin shuɗi. Hakanan kyawawan kyawawan launuka ne, 'ya'yan itaciya mai haske, mai ganyayyaki, idan ganyayen ta zama baƙi. A cikin yanayin, akwai tsari tare da ganye masu launin ruwan hoda-pink, wanda yasa aka sami damar kirkirar iri tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da kuma rawaya mai launin shuɗi.
Wannan rukunin ya hada da Star-robed calyx (H. calycinum), girma a cikin Crimea da Transcaucasia. Wannan itace tsohuwar itace, tsiro mai ƙarancin girma, baya wuce 0.2-0.6 m a tsayi, amma mallakar manyan, har zuwa 8 cm a diamita, furanni ɗaya mai launin shuɗi da fata, shuɗi mai duhu, mai haske ganye. Late da tsayi na fure, daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, yana ƙara darajar wannan kyan ado.
A ƙarshe, rukunin na uku ya haɗa da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa, amma a lokaci guda, mafi yawan lalacewa. Abubuwan halayensu na ado suna bayyana cikakke ne kawai a kudu. Wannan, alal misali, dwarf, mai buɗewa, itace mai shuki St John na wort fata (N. coris). Tsayinta ba ya wuce cm 45. leavesan ƙananan ganyen ganye masu launi. Ganyen rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da jijiyoyin jikin suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Yana da kyau don rukunin dutsen da busassun scree. A cikin tsohuwar ƙarni na XIX, an samo nau'in matasan - m Mota (N. x. X masallacin) - itace 0.3-0.5 m mai tsayi tare da launuka masu launin ja mai launin shuɗi da ganye mai launin shuɗi. Girman furanni ya kai 7 cm a diamita. Musamman kyawawan su ne stamens ko ja mai ruwan hoda. Matsayin sa "Amintaccen ("Tricolor") yana da kyau cewa akan tsire ɗaya a lokaci guda akwai ganye masu launi iri-iri: cream, ruwan hoda da kore.
St John's Wort (Hypericum coris)Girma
Waɗanne sharuɗɗa ne dole ne a ƙirƙira don ƙwayar St John don rayuwa mai kyau? Dole ne a faɗi cewa yana iya haɓaka duka biyu a kan loamy da yashi, mai laushi, amma ƙasa mai daɗin ruwa. Yankunan don saukowa ya kamata a yi rana, a kiyaye su daga sanyi, iska mai arewa. A cikin hunturu, an rufe Tushen da bushe bushe, lapnik, kuma a cikin bazara, an yanke harbe mutu. Kada ku ji tsoron yin wannan, tun da aka kafa fure John na wort akan girma matasa harbe na yanzu. Dole ne mu sami daidaito tare da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da ƙarfi sosai, don haka a tsakiyar layi, har ma da kyakkyawar kulawa, za a sake sabunta su bayan shekaru 8-10. Amma kamar yadda suke faɗi, wasan ya cancanci kyandir!
St John's Wort (Hypericum x moserianum) 'Tricolor'Hypericum zaɓi
St John's wort kayan masarufi ne ga masu shayarwa. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa a baje kolin Florida-2002 a Holland an gabatar da yawancin har yanzu ba a san su ba amma abin ban mamaki da ban mamaki St John's wort hybrids. Sabbin samfuran da ke bayyana a Yammacin Turai ana bambanta su ta hanyar manyan furanni na zinari, masu launuka masu haske, mai haske, mai sheki, kamar dai kayan ado ne mai kyau ko 'ya'yan itace zagaye, ƙamshi mai laushi, shuɗi mai duhu ko fure mai haske. Koyaya, wuce nau'ikan kayan ado na yau da kullun, ba su da tsayayya da yanayin yanayin hunturu na Rasha. Saukaka daga cikin waɗannan tsirrai tabbas za su jawo hankalin masu lambu. Abin takaici, har yanzu babu wani gogewa game da haɓakar waɗannan dangin a cikin ƙasarmu.
Kayan Abinci:
- Plotnikova. L. Shrubs tare da fure-fure rana // A Duniyar Tsire-tsire, A'a 7, 2006. p. 12-15.
