Kyau camellia (Camellia) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dangin shayi. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada kusan nau'ikan 80 nau'ikan tsire-tsire. Ana samo shi a cikin yanayi a cikin wurare masu zafi da ƙananan wurare na kudu maso gabas da gabashin Asiya, a Koriya, a cikin Filipinas da kusan. Java, a Japan da kuma Indochina Peninsula. Masan ilimin halitta kuma firist G.I. Kamelius shine farkon wanda ya kawo wadannan tsirran daga Philippines zuwa Turai, wanda daga baya aka sanyawa suna ga wannan mutumin da ya cancanci.
Wannan asalin ana wakilta shi ta hanyar kyawawan tsire-tsire masu bushewa, har ma da bishiyoyi. M mai haske mai laushi tare da sutturar sihiri ko ƙanƙanuwa, fata ga taɓawa. Akwai ganye tare da nuna ƙarancin haske da na ƙarshe, kuma suna girma daban-daban ko cikin guda 2 ko 3. Furanni suna da stamens da yawa kuma ana fentin su a launuka masu ruwan hoda, jan, fari, da kuma mottled.
Akwai nau'ikan kayan ado waɗanda suke da furanni masu ban sha'awa da fure. Camellia a gida tare da kulawa mai kyau yana girma, haɓaka da fure a tsakanin iyakoki na al'ada, kuma yana iya ba da 'ya'ya. Masu fara farauta a cikin ciyawa sau da yawa suna yin kuskure da yawa a cikin kula da camellia, alal misali, shuka zai iya samun ɗan haske, ya yi zafi sosai, ba isasshen danshi, ko ɗaukar cakuda ƙasa mara daidai don shuka shi. Kuma wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar fure.
Kula da camellia a gida
Haske
Yana buƙatar haske mai haske, amma a lokaci guda ya kamata ya shimfiɗa. An shawarar Camellia don sanya shi a kan windows na gabas ko gabar yamma. Idan kun sanya shi kusa da taga ta kudu, zaku buƙaci inuwa daga haskoki na rana, kuma a gefen arewa - rashin isasshen hasken. Don samar da kyakkyawan daji, tukunyar filawa tana buƙatar juyawa kaɗan zuwa ɗan kaɗan kaɗan a ginin ta. Koyaya, tuna cewa wannan ba zai yiwu ba lokacin da aka kafa buds a kan shuka, tunda ba haka ba camellia na iya watsar da su. A lokacin rani, ana bada shawara don motsa shuka zuwa titi kuma zaɓi wuri don ta, an kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin bazara-bazara, tana buƙatar zafi (daga digiri 20 zuwa 25). A lokacin samuwar buds, ya zama dole don rage zafin jiki, don haka ya zama bai wuce digiri 18 ba. A lokacin furanni, wanda yawanci yakan kasance daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, dole ne a kiyaye shuka a zazzabi na digiri 8-12. Tare da abun ciki mai daɗi, buds na iya faɗo ko furanni zasu rasa bayyanar kyan gani. Furen fure na iya kafawa a cikin ɗaki mai sanyaya, amma a lokaci guda, awanni hasken rana dole ne ya zama gajeru. Dole ne a kasance da kwantar da dakin da camellia.
Yadda ake ruwa
A cikin lokacin dumi, yawan ruwa ya zama yalwatacce, amma a tabbata cewa ruwan ba ya yin tururi a cikin ƙasa. Watering ne yake aikata kawai bayan saman Layer na substrate ta kafe. Don yin amfani da ban ruwa don kawai taushi da ruwa mai kariya. Tare da abun ciki mai sanyi a cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar shayar da shuka sosai a hankali. Idan ƙasa ta zama ruwan dare a sakamakon zubar ruwa, wannan zai haifar da mutuwar budsanyen, ganye kuma zai canza launin zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Idan muka bada izinin bushewa na datti na ciki, to sakamakon wannan, camellia zai watsar da duk ganyen.
Haushi
Yana buƙatar zafi mai zafi. Don haɓaka shi, an ba da shawarar a zuba ɗan ƙaramin yumɓu ko ƙanƙan da ke cikin kwanon da a zuba ruwa. Hakanan, ya kamata a fesa feshi sau da yawa ta amfani da ruwa mara kyau. Lokacin fesar, ka tabbata cewa babu wani ruwa da zai shiga furannin.
Taki
Ana buƙatar ciyar da Camellia duk shekara, kuma takin ta sau ɗaya a duk sati 3. Don wannan, ana amfani da bayani na takin ma'adinan hadaddun (1 gram na taki ana ɗaukar 1 lita na ruwa).
Turawa
Don ingantacciyar haɓaka buds na axillary, da mai tushe na shuka an finimmed. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar a ƙarshen lokacin kaka.
Siffofin Juyawa
Matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar juyawa na shekara-shekara. A yayin da camellia ke fure a kowace shekara, dole ne a gabatar da wannan tsarin ba akai-akai ba, wato, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2. An yi dasawa ne a cikin bazara kuma a lokaci guda yana yin pinching da mai tushe don inganta Branching.
Cakuda ƙasa
Asa mai dacewa ya kamata ya zama pH na acidic 4-5-5. Girman-camellia na gida ya bambanta da camellia na daji-daji domin hakan zai iya yin natsuwa a cikin ƙasa wanda acidity ɗin ba ta ƙasa 4. Haɗin ƙasa mai dacewa ya ƙunshi turf, peat da ganyayyaki, har da yashi, waɗanda aka ɗauka a cikin rabo na 1: 2: 2 : 1. Ga waɗannan camellias waɗanda ke girma cikin baho, wajibi ne don saman ƙasa tare da takin zamani a shekara. Kar ku manta game da magudanar ruwa mai kyau.
Noma
Shuka tsaba samar a cikin tukwane da diamita of 5 santimita. Shuka tsaba guda a lokaci guda a cikin kowane akwati. Bayan bayyanar ganye na 2 na ainihi ku yi nutse cikin tukwane mafi girma. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, camellias girma daga tsaba ba su riƙe da halaye na shuka iyaye; saboda haka, ana bada shawarar yaduwa ta hanyar yanke itace.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Yawancin nau'in kayan ado na al'ada ana yin yaduwa ta hanyar itace kuma ana yin su a Yuli da Janairu. Bai kamata a sanya madaukai na apical ba, amma tsawon su ya kai daga santimita 6 zuwa 8. A kowane ɗayan tsiran ya kamata ya kasance sau 3 da cikakkun ganye. An dasa yankan a cikin kwalaye kuma sanya su a cikin wuri mai ɗumi (digiri 20-23). Cakuda yakamata ya ƙunshi yashi da peat, an ɗauke shi daidai gwargwado. Rooting a lokacin rani yana faruwa a cikin makonni 8, kuma a cikin hunturu - wannan tsari ya fi tsayi. Ana buƙatar samar da yankan tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun da fesawa. Don rage lokacin rooting, ana bada shawara don kula da cutukan tare da heteroauxin kafin dasawa. Koyaya, wannan bazai iya tasiri tsarin tushen ba ta kowane hanya. Tushen da aka dasa a ciki ana shuka su ne a tukwane waɗanda ma'aunin su shine 7 santimita. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi takarda, peat da ƙasa turf, da yashi, an ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 1: 1. Kuna iya dasa duka tushen furanni da tsire-tsire na shekara ɗaya ko biyu. Da farko, yakamata a sami ruwa ya zama mai yawa, sannan a rage shi yasa petioles din su zama katako cikin sauri.
Alurar riga kafi yaduwa
A yanayin sa'ilin da tushe ya samo tushe sosai, to wannan tsire-tsire iri ne ana yada shi ta hanyar alurar riga kafi. Dole ne a aiwatar da wannan hanyar a cikin hunturu a cikin Janairu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ingantattun buds daga saman tushe. Don haka dole ne a kiyaye shuka a wani zazzabi mai iska na digiri 20. 'Ya'yan zai yi girma bayan mako takwas. Ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire matasa a kai a kai, a fesa, a girbe shi. Bai kamata a taɓa kusantar dasu zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye ba, kamar yadda ƙonewa zai bayyana akan ganye kuma zai fado. Bayan shekara guda, camellia zai buƙaci dasa shi cikin tukwane tare da ma'aunin santimita tara, cike da cakuda ƙasa iri ɗaya. A cikin shekara ta 3 na rayuwa, dole ne a canja tsire-tsire cikin tukwane tare da diamita na 11-14 santimita. Suna buƙatar cika tare da cakuda ƙasa ta musamman wacce ta ƙunshi turf, peat, ganye da ƙasa Heather, har da yashi, an ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 2: 2: 2: 1.
Cutar da kwari
Itace gizo-gizo gizo zai iya tsayawa.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
- Buds mutu a kashe - wannan na iya faruwa saboda ambaliya, yayin da ganyayyaki suka juya launin ruwan kasa.
- Ganyen magarya - lokacin bushewa na laka.
- Abubuwan launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a ganyayyaki - Waɗannan ƙonewa ne daga haskoki na rana.
- Shuka ya mutu - Babban dalilan sune: rashin haske, zazzabi mai yawan iska, cakuda ƙasa mara kyau ko zafi mara nauyi.
Batun bidiyo
Babban nau'ikan
Camellia dutsen (Camellia sasanqua)
Ko dai camellia tegmentosa (Camellia tegmentosa) ko camellia Miyagi (Camellia miyagii) - a cikin yanayi ana samun wannan nau'in a tsibiran Kyushu da Okinawa. Wadannan tsintsaye suna da tsayi, don haka a tsayi suna iya kaiwa mita 3-5. A farfajiya na mai tushe akwai fitsari a cikin nau'in gashin gashi, kuma rassan wannan shuka suna da bakin ciki. Takaddun ganye na elliptical ko elongated-o ቅርፅ wanda ba a iya ɗaukarsa ba yana da tsawon santimita 7, kuma faɗin nisa zuwa 3 santimita. Fuskokinsu suna yin dishe, gefen gaban mai sheki mai duhu ne mai duhu, daga ɓangaren da ba daidai ba midrib shine pubescent. M furanni masu ƙanshi a cikin diamita na iya isa 7 santimita. Zasu iya zama ɗaya ko su girma cikin guda 2 ko 3. Furanni ana fentin ruwan hoda, ja ko fari inuwa mai launi. Ana ganin fure mai dumbin yawa a watan Nuwamba-Janairu. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun fi son sanyi.
Camellia na kasar Sin (Camellia sinensis)
Ko kuma Camellia bohea (Camellia bohea) - wanda aka samo a cikin yanayi a cikin gandunan daji na kasar Sin kuma sun fi son girma a kan tsaunin tsaunin dutse ko kuma a cikin gorges. Wannan nau'in yana wakiltar bishiyun bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi masu tsayi tsawon mita 15. Takardun ganye suna da siffar elliptical ko ƙwalƙwalwa kuma girma zuwa 10 santimita a tsayi, kuma har zuwa santimita 4 a faɗi. Ganye mai haske mai launin fentin duhu. Matasa masu ganye suna da farin gashi, kuma tsofaffin ganye suna danda. Fentin furanni ana fenti fararen kaya kuma suna da takaitaccen siffofi. Suna girma daban-daban ko abubuwa 2-3.
Jafananci (camellia japonica)
A dabi'a, ana samun wannan nau'in a cikin dazuzzukan China, Japan da Korea. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi masu tsayi na iya kaiwa mita 15. M, ganye mai launin fata na launin koren duhu mai duhu suna da hakora a gefen kuma ana nuna su a saman. Siffar su ta elliptical ce ko kuma tsallake, kuma a cikin tsawon ganyayyaki sukan girma zuwa santimita 10. Furanni masu sauƙi a cikin diamita sun kai santimita 4 kuma suna iya girma ko guda ɗaya ko da yawa. Ana samun furanni rabin-biyu da na biyu, kuma ana fentin su da ruwan hoda, ja ko fari inuwa mai launi, kuma ana samun launuka masu canza launi. Yana tono daga Disamba zuwa Afrilu.
