Tsarin tsiro na herbaceous ko tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara Lunaria (Lunaria) memba ne na dangin Cruciferous. An samo sunan wannan shuka daga kalmar Latin, wacce ke fassara a matsayin "wata", gaskiyar ita ce siffar 'ya'yan itacen, har da mahaifiyarsu-lu'u-lu'u-lu'u, suna kama da wata. Wannan nau'in halittar ya hada nau'ikan 4, amma, 'yan lambu sun shuka 2 kawai:
- Lunar na shekara (Lunaria annua), ko ciyawar dengue, ko ciyawar wata. Nativeasar asalin wannan nau'in ita ce kudu maso gabashin Turai.
- Lunaris perenni, ko rayarwa (lat. Lunaria rediviva) Wannan nau'in halittar da ke cikin haɗari an dauki shi azaman relic ne na lokacin karatun. Gidajen ta yana raguwa a shekara a girmanta. A yau an samo shi a duk Turai, kuma yana da ɗanɗano a cikin Arewacin Amurka. Wannan fure ya fi son girma a kan sako-sako da, ɗan ƙaramin acidic, ƙasa mai daɗin zama tare da humus, har ma a kan ƙasa mai gravelly ko yumbu. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya samo shi a cikin gandun daji mai ɗorewa. Ciyar da shi ya fara a ƙarshen ƙarni na 16th. Sannan an yi imanin cewa wannan tsire-tsire shine mai mallakar sihiri, kuma mutane sunyi amfani da shi azaman talisman, wanda ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka jihar, sabili da haka sun dauke shi tare da su.
Abubuwan Lunar
Takaddun faranti m ne babba. Abubuwan furannin furanni suna da yawa, a matsayin mai mulki, suna lilac, amma kuma fararen fata ne, suna da dogon kusoshi. Kabarin kai tsaye a gindi mai keɓaɓɓe ne. Thea Thean itace babban falo ne, wanda aka lankwashe daga bayansa, zagaye ko elliptical, yana da fukafukan lebur kuma yana zaune akan farfajiyar da ya kai tsawon cm 1.5 Oneaya daga cikin falon guda ɗaya ya ƙunshi tsaba biline mai ɗorewa tare da fuka-fukan fata.
Yadda za a dasa a buɗe ƙasa
Anyi la'akari da watannin shekara-shekara, a zahiri, shuka ne na shekara biyu Gaskiyar ita ce a farkon shekara ta girma, ana samar da ganyayyaki ne kawai da aka tattara a cikin rosette. Samuwar fure mai ɗaukar fure ana lura dashi ne kawai a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Bayan ripening na tsaba ya faru, yanayin rayuwar shuka yazo ƙare.
Lunar shekara-shekara itace shuka mai hoto, sabili da haka, don saukowarsa, ya kamata ka zaɓi yankin buɗe kofa, zaka iya dasa shi cikin shadda mai haske. A akasin wannan, ba za a iya yin fure mai tsinkaye ba a cikin yanki mai zafin rana, ya fi dacewa da inuwa mai inuwa ko inuwa. Tsarin kowace shekara ba shi da wani zaɓi na ƙasa. Amma don dasa nau'in perennial, kawai m, ƙasa maras kyau ya dace, wanda yakamata a hadu dashi sosai; don wannan, an ƙara humus a ciki (a kowace murabba'in 1 daga kilo 3 zuwa 4), da lemun tsami don tono zuwa zurfin kusan 0.2 m.
Duk nau'ikan Lunar, wanda lambu ke shukawa, za'a iya samun sauƙin yada shi ta hanyar itace da tsaba. Tsaba na nau'ikan shekara-shekara na iya, idan ana so, za a iya shuka shi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude a farkon lokacin bazara. Lunar shekara-shekara tana da launi mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kuma a diamita sun kai 0,5-0.6 cm. Ya kamata shuka ya yi a cikin tsagi-girken da aka riga aka yi, alhali dole ne a kiyaye nisan da ke tsakanin tsaba a nesa da 0.3-0.35 m, a wannan yanayin. seedlings ba sa buƙatar thinning. Farkon harbe, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 7. A cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan Agusta, ya kamata a fara yin ganye da ganye a kan tsire-tsire, kuma idan ana so, ana iya watsa su zuwa sabon wurin dindindin. Idan kun yi girma iri na shekara ta hanyar shuka, to, asirinta zai fara a farkon shekarar shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Shuka tsaba don shuka ya kamata a yi a cikin Maris, kuma ya kamata a dasa su a cikin ƙasa bude a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu, amma bayan dawowar lokacin bazara na bazara ana bari a baya.
Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a farkon shuka kafin lokacin sanyi ko a cikin bazara kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe, don wannan kuna buƙatar zaɓar wani shafi da ke cikin inuwa. Idan an yi shuka shuka don bazara, to, ƙwayoyin za su buƙaci daidaitawa ta hanyar sanya su a kan shiryayye na firiji wanda aka tsara don kayan lambu na makonni 6. Seedlingsaya daga cikin farkon tsiro zai bayyana ne kawai a watan Mayu, bayan hakan zai zama dole a daskarar da su, lura da nesa tsakanin bushes na aƙalla 0.3 m A ƙarshen lokacin bazara, nau'i biyu na faranti na ganye sun riga sun inganta. Irin wannan Lunar zai yi fure a cikin taro kawai a cikin kakar mai zuwa. Hakanan kuna buƙatar yin shiri don gaskiyar cewa a cikin kaka, farawa daga shekara ta biyu na girma, bushes ɗin zai iya ba da shuka sosai.
Kula da Lunar a gonar
Kula da duka perennial da shekara-shekara jinsin Lunar ya kamata iri ɗaya, don haka bushes bukatar a shayar a cikin wani dace hanya, sako, abinci, sassauta kasar gona surface, kare idan ya cancanta daga kwari da cututtuka. Hakanan kuma wajibi ne don ɗaukar kan furanni waɗanda suka fara lalacewa da shirya bushes don hunturu, idan ya cancanta.
Yadda ake ruwa
Watering bushes wajibi ne a cikin matsakaici, saboda tsananin ƙasa mai ƙarfi danshi a kan tushen shuka, rot na iya haɓaka. Koyaya, yayin tsawon fari, yawan ruwa ya zama ya zama mai yawa kuma yalwatacce. Bayan da nau'in perennial ya gama ripening, duk watering ya kamata a tsaya. An ba da shawarar yin ruwa ko da sassafe ko kuma bayan zafin rana da rana (bayan kimanin awanni 16). Ya kamata a yi amfani da ruwa da ruwa kawai. Motsa jiki ya amsa mara kyau ga yawan danshi.
Manyan miya
Dogon dogon lokacin duba lunar ana bada shawarar ciyar dashi. Ana aiwatar da suturar kai tsaye 1 lokaci a cikin makonni 4 daga bazara zuwa rabi na biyu na lokacin bazara. Duk takin gargajiya da hadaddun ma’adanai sun dace da duniyar wata.
Fulawa da dasawa
Ana lura da nau'in tsiron maraice daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Wani lokacin a watan Agusta da bushes Bloom akai-akai. Ba tare da juyawa ba, za a iya tsirowar wata na tsawon shekaru. An bada shawara don dasa bushes a cikin makonni na bazara.
Lunaris bayan fure
A shekara-shekara bayyanar da Lunar ne quite high sanyi juriya. Tunda a zahiri wannan nau'in biennial ne, dole ne a rufe shi da farkon hunturu. Don yin wannan, rukunin yana mulched tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer ta amfani da kwayoyin, kuma an jefa rassan spruce spruce a saman sa.
Lokacin da ya girma ɗanyen tsiro a cikin yankuna na kudu, yana iya buƙatar mafaka don hunturu kawai idan masu hasashen yanayi sun hango lokacin sanyi da ƙanƙancin lokacin sanyi. A cikin latitude na tsakiya da kuma wuraren da ke da sanyi mai sanyi, Lunar dole ne a rufe shi don hunturu.
Cutar da kwari
Lunaris yana da tsayayyen juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Amma idan aka girma a karkashin yanayi mara kyau don ci gaban wannan al'adar, to aphids, fleiferous fleas ko kabeji malam buɗe ido na iya tsayawa akan bushes. Da zaran an ga kwari a kan bushes, ya kamata a kula da su tare da shirin kashe kwari. Tsagewa ya kamata ya zama akalla biyu, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin su shine makonni 1-1.5.
Lunaris ba da shawarar a girma a cikin waɗancan wuraren da wakilan dangin Cruciferous suka girma kafin, misali: kabeji, daikon, mustard, horseradish, radish, radish, rutabaga, da dai sauransu Idan an lura da tururuwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin ƙasa, wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar cutar fungal . Dole ne a kula da bushes ɗin da ya shafa tare da maganin kashe guba, yayin da aka sake yin tiyata bayan mako 1.5. Kafin fara aiki, cire daga daji duk sassan da suka kamu da dole ne a hallaka.
Idan bushes suna ba da kulawa ta dace, kuma suna bin duk ka'idodin aikin gona na wannan al'ada, to zasu kasance masu ƙarfi da lafiya, kuma kowace cuta zata kewaye su.
Nau'in da nau'ikan Lunar tare da hotuna da sunaye
An riga an ambata a sama cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan lunaris 2 ne kawai ke girma cikin al'ada.
Shekaran daya ga watan (Lunaria annua)
Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga yankuna kudu maso gabashin Yammacin Turai. Lambu suna noma shi a matsayin shekara biyu. Tsawon daji yakai kimanin 0.6 m. Faranti masu shirya gashi a kai a kai suna da siffar kwai, suna iya zama petiolar ko sessile. Barshen gogewar ƙarshe sun ƙunshi furanni fentin launin shuɗi, shunayya ko fari. Lokacin da shuka ke lalacewa, ana iya ganin alamun ƙwayoyin lebur tare da siffar oval a daji, sun yi kama da bayyanar tsabar tsabar lu'u-lu'u. A cikin akwatunan suna tsaba waɗanda suka fara zuwa Satumba. Popular iri:
- Daidai. Launin furanni shine lilac.
- Alba. Furen an yi fentin fari.
- Variegata. Launin furanni launin ruwan fure ne mai ruwan hoda, kuma an bambance ruwan ganye.
- Manstead Purple. Furanni masu kamshi suna da launin shuɗi.
Lunaria (Lunaria rediviva)
Wannan tsiro na zamani yana samuwa cikin yanayi a cikin gandun daji na lardunan arewacin da tsakiyar Turai, da kuma cikin Balkans. An gabatar da wannan nau'in cikin Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'in tsohuwar shuka ce kuma wakili ne na flora na Tertiary. A yau, ana ganin ƙarewar sa a hankali. Tsawon daji yakai kusan cm 100. Ana yin harbe-harbe masu madaidaiciya a cikin sashi na sama, kuma an rufe saman su da karamin tari. Ayoyin faranti na sama suna nan a keɓe, a kwance kuma suna da sihiri mai kyau, ƙananan ƙananan suna gaba ɗaya inda suke, zazzage su kuma ratsa su gefen. Icleaƙƙarfan faranti mai fasalin launuka ya ƙunshi furanni masu ƙanshin launuka na ruwan violet, waɗanda suka kai 40 mm ko'ina. 'Ya'yan itacen ƙawa ce mai ƙarfi-lanceolate, tana kaiwa tsawon mm 50 kuma tana da ma'ana a ƙarshen ƙarshenta. Nuna tun 1597.
