Haliccin Billbergia (Billbergia) ya haɗu da kusan nau'ikan tsirrai 60 na dangin bromeliad, suna girma cikin wurare tare da lokacin bazara mai faɗi da zazzabi mai kaifi. An rarraba kwayoyin halittar Bilbergia daga Meziko zuwa Kudancin Brazil kuma ana ba shi suna ne bayan ɗan botan na Sweden Gustaf Bilberg.
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Bilbergia, Latin - Billbergia.
Mafi yawa waɗannan sune epiphytes da ke haifar da dogon tubular robotte na ganyayyaki don tara ruwa. Ganyen bilbergia suna da wuya, mai launin fata, mai launi ɗaya ko mai bambanta, daga kusan-uku zuwa kankantaccen-layi a sifar, an nuna shi a cikin biri kuma an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli a garesu. Akwai famfo a gefen faranti. Ana shirya furanni masu haske mai launin furanni tare da fure a cikin karkace ko a nada shi a cikin bututu, a cikin tseren tsefe ko murƙushe inflorescences masu kama da kunnuwa. Bracts suna da manyan launuka masu haske. 'Ya'yan itacen bishiyoyi ne. Wannan tsire-tsire na bromeliad ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi yawan ƙwararrun tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Godiya ga tsinkayyen harbe-harbe a kaikaice, a tsawon lokaci bilbergia na girma dazuzzuka, sunadaran da yawa daban-daban rosettes, sun kai girman 40-60 cm. Za a iya tsammanin farkon fure a cikin kusan shekaru uku. Yawancin lokaci bilbergia Bloom a farkon lokacin bazara, amma tare da kyakkyawar kulawa zaku iya tsammanin ƙarin fure a watan Afrilu. Wani lokaci bayan fure, rosette ya mutu, kuma sabon tsiro ya tsiro daga tsutsa mai ƙwanƙwasa ko rhizome, fure a cikin kakar mai zuwa. A cikin tsoffin tsire-tsire, da yawa-kambi mai cike da rodotes, wanda sau da yawa ya yi fure a lokaci guda. 1-2 watanni bayan fure, ana bada shawara don yanke tsoffin kwasfa.
Bilbergia tana da kyau sosai, kuma tana iya yin kyakkyawan ɗakinta daki, babban falo, lambun hunturu. Don al'adun daki, nau'in ƙaramin ya fi dacewa. A ƙarƙashin ingantaccen yanayin yanayin ruwa ana amfani dashi don keɓancewar waje.
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Siffofin
Zazzabi: Bilbergia fi son matsakaici matsakaici - a lokacin rani kimanin 20 - 25 ° С, a cikin hunturu kusan 16-18 ° С, aƙalla 13 ° С.
Walkiya: Hasken mai raba gari yana yuwu tare da hasken rana kai tsaye da yamma ko da yamma. Yana girma sosai akan windows da gabas.
Watering: Ba duk bilbergia suna da fure na ganye ba, don haka ana iya shayar dasu kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, kamar tsire-tsire na cikin gida na yau da kullun - a cikin bazara da bazara yana da yawa, a cikin hunturu - iyakance ko matsakaici dangane da yawan zafin jiki.
Takin mai magani: Fertilizing tare da taki ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara da kuma bazara. Don kayan miya, ana amfani da takin gargajiya na musamman don bromeliads. Ana iya amfani da takin zamani don wasu ciyadaran furanni na fure a cikin rabin kashi. Ana yin suturar miya babba bayan sati 2.
Tashin hankali: Ya kamata a fesa Bilbergia lokaci-lokaci.
Dasawa: Kowace shekara, bayan fure a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya kunshi 1 ɓangaren haske turf ƙasa, 1 sashi peat, 1 sashi ganye da kuma sashi 1 humus, tare da yashi. Kuna iya amfani da cakuda ƙasa mai kasuwanci don bromeliads. Ikon saukowa kada ya zama mai zurfi sosai, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da faranti da yawa.
Sake bugun: Tsaba da harbe a kaikaice yayin da aka rigaya suka isa tsari, i.e. suna da tsawon kusan 13-15 cm. Sakamakon ƙananan tsire-tsire masu fure, a matsayin mai mulkin, kawai bayan shekaru 2.
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Kulawa
Rashin daidaituwa na bilbergia ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa yana jure da bushewar ɗakuna fiye da sauƙin sauƙaƙe fiye da sauran bromeliads, haka kuma ƙananan zayyana bazai cutar dashi ba, kodayake yana da matuƙar da ba a so. Bilbergia tana yin haƙuri da ƙarancin yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu, har zuwa 2-3 ° C, amma yana da kyau a gwada kar a bar zafin jiki ya faɗi ƙasa 10-13 ° C na dogon lokaci. Bilbergia yana da haɓaka sosai a cikin gidajen gona da kuma katako.
Bilbergia sun fi son hasken da ya bazu, amma daga hasken rana kai tsaye da tsakar rana ya kamata a girgiza shi, alal misali, tare da takarda translucent ko zane. Yana girma da kyau akan windows na yamma ko watsawar gabas. A arewacin windows ke tsiro da kyau, amma mai yiwuwa ba ya yi fure ba. A lokacin bazara, ana iya fitar da shi cikin sararin sama, amma ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana da ruwan sama. A cikin wuri mai kariya daga ruwan sama da hasken rana kai tsaye, bilbergia na iya zama a waje a duk lokacin rani.
A lokacin rani, zazzabi mafi kyau shine a kewayon 20-28 ° C. A cikin kaka, zazzabi ya zama sannu-sannu zuwa 18 ° C, a lokacin ɓataccen lokacin (Oktoba-Fabrairu) ana kiyaye nau'ikan nau'ikan bilbergia a cikin ɗaki mai haske a zazzabi na 17-18 ° C, kuma siffofin ganye masu ganye suna kusan 15-17 ° C. Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu yana ta da fure. Zazzabi a cikin hunturu, na dogon lokaci ƙasa da 10-12 ° C, na iya haifar da cutar shuka.
A lokacin rani, a zazzabi na 22-28 ° C, ana zuba ruwa a cikin tasoshin ruwan tafkin, amma dole ne a tabbatar cewa ruwan ba ya tsayawa lokaci mai tsawo; idan zazzabi dakin ya sauka a kasa da 20 ° C, to lallai ne a cire ruwan daga rijiyar. Haka kuma, idan shuka ta riga tayi fure, to ba za a iya sake zubar da ruwa a cikin babban rijiyar ba, saboda wannan magudanar ganyayyaki na iya jujjuyawa. A cikin yanayin, ruwan tafki yana tattara danshi a cikin rami, amma a cikin yanayi na cikin gida na tsawaita tsaftataccen ruwa (musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi) na iya haifar da lalacewar tsirran da mutuwarsa. Ba duk bilbergia ke da cikakkiyar ma'anar ganyen ganye ba, saboda haka yana da wahala a yi amfani da ƙananan shayarwa.
A kai a kai rigar da substrate a lokacin rani, amma ba tare da overmoistening, kamar yadda ba za su yi haƙuri da shi.
Ana cire tsire-tsire a jikin bishiyar bromeliad daga goyon baya aƙalla 1 lokaci cikin kwanaki 10 kuma a nutsar da su cikin ruwa har sai an cika su, bayan wannan sun ƙyale ruwan ya wuce magudana ya koma wurin.
A lokacin kaka-hunturu, lokacin da aka sa shuka a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki da ke ƙasa da 20 ° C, ba a zuba ruwa a cikin ganyen ganyayyaki ba, a hankali ana yin ruwa sosai. Idan a cikin hunturu za ku ci gaba da shuka a zazzabi sama da 20 ° C, sannan ku yi ruwa a kai a kai kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa, lokaci-lokaci zaku iya zuba ruwa a cikin kayan ganye, amma mai dumin zafi da ƙananan.
Danshi yafi son babba, kodayake yana jure bushewar busasshe. Yana da amfani don fesa sau 1-2 a rana, kuma don haɓaka zafi, zaku iya sa shi a kan akwatina tare da daskararren ciyawa, yumɓu mai yalwa ko ɓawon dutse. Mafi kyawun abun ciki a cikin terrarium. A lokacin furanni, ba a ba da shawarar bilbergia don fesa ba, wataƙila saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin feshin ruwa zai iya hau kan furanni - a sakamakon haka, aibobi za su bayyana, wanda zai shafi tasirin ado.
A lokacin girma bayan ruwa, kowane mako 2 ana ciyar dasu tare da takin gargajiya na musamman don bromeliads. Ana iya amfani da takin zamani don wasu ciyadaran furanni na fure a cikin rabin kashi. Dole ne a tuna cewa kashi na nitrogen a cikin taki dole ne ya zama ƙasa, ƙarancin sa na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Canje-canje kamar yadda ya cancanta, nau'in fure bayan fure a kowace shekara.
Canje-canje a cikin wani substrate, ya ƙunshi 1 ɓangaren haske turf ƙasa, 1 part peat, 1 sashi ganye da kuma 1 part humus gauraye da yashi. Za a iya girma cikin cakuda yankakken gansakuka, ciyawar gari, peat da yashi (2: 2: 1: 1). Yana da ma'ana don amfani da cakuda ƙasa wadda aka sayi don bromeliads. Ikon saukowa kada ya zama mai zurfi sosai, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da tukwane. A tsakanin makonni 2-3, da Dole don dasa tsire-tsire masu dasawa, ana shayar dasu sosai kuma ba a ciyar da su da takin zamani.
Yayi kyau sosai a kan hydroponics.
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Kiwo
Propagated da tsaba da zuriya.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin sphagnum mai ƙasƙanci ko peat tare da yashi. Kafin shuka iri, an wanke shi a cikin wani rauni mai ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan da kuma bushe. Kula da yawan zafin jiki na 21 ° C, gumi kuma a kai a kai yana yin iska da feshewa. Bayan bayyanar ganye, a hankali sun mamaye kansu da bushewar iska. Lokacin da tsire-tsire ke da ganyayyaki 2-3, an ɗora shi cikin tukwane masu dacewa.
An rabu da lingsan’uwa yayin dasawa, a cikin Maris. Lateral harbe da basal zuriya suna m fashe bayan sun kai tsawon akalla cm 20. An feshe yanki da murhun gawayi an ba shi izinin bushewa awanni da yawa a cikin sanyi, wuri mai iska. Don haɓaka tushen tushe a cikin kwal, yana da kyau a ƙara ƙarfafa (heteroauxin). Bayan haka, ana dasa bishiyoyin roba a cikin wani ɓoyayyen da ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na ƙasa mai ganye, sashi ɗaya humus da sassa biyu na yashi. Hakanan suna amfani da wanke gashi da yashi mai kazanta, yumbu mai laushi ko tsakuwa, tubalin da aka fashe, gauraye da aka ɗora tare da peat-fiber mai tsayi. Yankan za a iya kafe a kai tsaye a cikin wani kayan maye na tsirrai tare da yashi da yashi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na iska don tushen yara shine 22-26 ° C, amma a lokaci guda, dole ne a samar da ƙananan dumama don zafin jiki na substrate ba ƙasa da 25 ° C ba. Don haɓaka danshi, an rufe ganyen tare da gilashi ko jaka ta gaskiya. Don yin wannan, sandunansu 3-4 suna makale a tsakanin ganyayyaki tsakanin ganyayyaki kuma an rufe shi da jakar filastik don kada ganyen ya taɓa shi. An cire gefuna na kunshin tare da band na roba idan tushen ya faru a cikin tukunya. A wannan yanayin, ɗigon ruwa ba zai zubar da ganyayyaki ba, wanda hakan zai iya sa sandar ta lalace, amma tare da bangon ciki na jaka. Itace yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau: haske mai warwatse mai haske (amma ba hasken rana kai tsaye ba), zafi mai zafi da zafi, zafin jiki na substrate ba ƙasa da 25 ° C ba. A gida, za'a iya mai da shi tare da fitilun mai kyalli, mai haske tare da fitilun mai kyalli, ko kuma a sauƙaƙe shi da batirin dumama ta tsakiya.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, Tushen ya bayyana ne a cikin wata guda. A wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu da laima na substrate, yana da mahimmanci kada a over-moisten kuma kada a bushe shi, a hankali sarrafa iska tsirrai, a kullun cire jaka ko hula na mintuna da yawa. Alamar farko ta tushen shine bayyanar sabon ganye mai haske kore a tsakiyar.
Lokacin canja tsoffin misalai za'a iya rarrabawa; Sabbin tsire-tsire da aka samu ta wannan hanyar suna nuna ainihin shekara mai zuwa.
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Dabbobi
Pyramidal Bilbergia - Billbergia pyramidalis - Wannan tsire-tsire ne na ƙasa, tare da leavesan ganye suna ƙirƙirar Rosell mai siffa da elongated. Ganyayyaki suna layi-layi sosai a kan sifa, wanda aka nuna a ƙarshen, kusan 60-80 cm tsayi kuma faɗin 5-6 cm, kore mai launin shuɗi, launuka masu duhu suna da ja. Yana daga fure zuwa tsakiyar bazara.
Bilbergia drooping - Billbergia nutans - Wannan itace tsiro, mai kafaɗa epleated Rosette da yawa kunkuntar ganye. Ganyen suna layi-layi ne a sifar, ga bakin ciki a ƙarshen, har zuwa 60-70 cm tsayi kuma kusan 1-2 cm fadi, tare da tonon layi gefen gefen. Ganyayyaki kore, tare da ƙarin haske mai ƙarfi, samo launin ja ko launin tagulla. Thinan falo mai laushi, mai ƙyalli, tare da bracts na ganye mai ruwan hoda. Yana fure a cikin hunturu.
Babban Bilbergia - Billbergia magnifica - wannan itace mai fasalin epiphytic tare da eccated rare rosette da dama ganye, layi a cikin siffar, nuna a ƙarshen, mai yawa da wuya, tare da kaifi spikes tare da gefen, har zuwa 70 cm tsawo da kuma 6-8 cm m, m-kore launi tare da haske mai gangara ratsi tare da m gefen takardar. Furannin an tattara furanni a cikin sako-sako da daskararren launin fata tare da bracts mai haske da bracts. Yana fure a lokacin rani.
Green Bilbergia - Billbergia viridiflora - Wannan bishiyar epiphytic ko epilithic shuka, tana samar da rosette denser fiye da nau'in da suka gabata. Ganyen suna layi-layi a sifa, nuna a ƙarshen, serrate tare da gefen, har zuwa 60-70 cm tsayi kuma 5-6 cm m, kore kore mai launi, launuka masu haske ruwan hoda, madaidaiciya. Yana fure a farkon bazara da kuma bazara.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Kodadde launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye:
Dalilin shine zafin rana. Sake shirya tsiron don kada hasken rana kai tsaye ya faɗi akan sa.
Nasihun ganye:
Dalilin shine rashin ruwa a cikin “rami” ko ban ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsauri.
Mutuwa Shuka:
Dalilin shine waterlogging na substrate, idan muna Magana game da tsire-tsire har yanzu. Idan ya rigaya ya lalace, to lalacewar sannan mutuwar fashewar dabi'a ce.
Bar rosette sako-sako da faduwa baya:
Dalilin kuma na iya zama karancin hasken wuta.
Idan shuka yana da ganye na ganye wanda ba mai yawa ba, to, lokacin da aka yi rigakafin kai tsaye a ciki, ruwan ba zai yi kwanciya ba, kuma kuna iya shayar da abin da ke cikin.
Lura: scabbard, mealybug.
Bilbergia - mafi yawan unromentad shuka. Ana iya samun saukin girma koda daga mai farawa. Bilbergia blooms na dogon lokaci da blooms ba tare da matsaloli, ya ba da yawa "yara". Jiran shawararku!
