Seed dahlias

Yayinda mafi akasarin kaka na tsufa dahlias ke riƙe da matsayin da ba a iya raba su ba, tsohon shahararren ya fara komawa zuwa dahlias na shekara. Sauki mai girma, mara misaltawa, waɗannan "madadin" dahlias suna ba ku damar haɓaka kayan ado na lambu mai haske da ƙirar daɗaɗɗe tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari. Girma Dahlia daga tsaba, yana ba ka damar sha'awar nau'ikan shekara-shekara na tsire-tsire da kuka fi so, yana yiwuwa har ma ga masu farawa. Bayan duk wannan, wannan shine ɗayan amfanin gona mafi sauƙi don shuka akan shuka kuma a cikin ƙasa.

Girma dahlia daga tsaba.

Siffofin haifuwa na tsaba dahlia

Rikice rikice tare da rarrabewar dahlias sau da yawa yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ana la'akari dah daasli ɗaya ko ɗaya daban-daban na halittar Dahlia (Dahlia). A zahiri, muna magana ne da yawa game da hanyar musamman na namo da fasahar noma. Annual dahlias sune duk dahlias waɗanda suke girma daga tsaba kuma basu kiyaye lokacin hunturu.da kuma horar da zalla kamar na shekara-shekara tsire-tsire, guda lambu ko m dahlias da aka girma tare da rami domin hunturu a cikin perennial al'adunsu. Dabbobi dahlias a yau kusan ba a same su a cikin al'adunsu ba, kuma koda an yi barnar dahlias musamman don haɓaka daga tsaba, muna magana ne game da hadaddun halittu, asalin abin da yake kusan yiwuwa a tantance. Amma a sakamakon kiwo na dogon lokaci, wanda ya fi dacewa da girma tsaka-tsakin tsirrai a cikin tukwane da kwantena, dahlias na shekara-shekara ya tsayayya da manyan masu fafutukar shekaru da yawa saboda yawan su, lokacin furanni, da girmansu.

Han shekara ɗaya dahlias (akan fakiti tare da tsaba, ana iya musanya shi kawai kamar Dahlia, Dahlia hybrids, Dahlia x hybridum, Dahlia cultorum, Dahlia pinnata ko kalmar da aka saba amfani da ita don Dahlia variabilis) suna da ƙarfi sosai, amma ba manyan, kyawawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba. Tushensu suna da kauri, mai kauri, ko da girma daga tsaba a ƙarshen kakar, ana kafa "cones" masu ɓoyewa. A cikin yawancin nau'ikan zamani, tsayinsa ya tashi daga 20 zuwa 50 cm, kodayake zaɓi iri na ba ku damar samun zaɓi mafi girma. Dahlias yana da alaƙa, m, ciki da madaidaiciya mai tushe. Ganya zauna da yawa, gaban, babba, pinnate ko duka, yadu a lanceolate ko rhomboid tare da wuya serrated “jagged” gefen. Edge zaɓi ne, amma galibi ana samun halayyar ganyen Dahlia. A launi na ganye bambanta dangane da iri-iri, amma yawanci yana da haske sosai. Hankula ga wakilan halittar Dahlia (Dahlia) kwandunan inflorescence kwando sun ƙunshi manyan kaya da ƙananan furanni tubular. Matsayi na terry flower, launi, girman canzawa ya dogara da halaye na ɗabi'a.

Bloom na shekara-shekara daga tsakiyar lokacin rani, ci gaba da farati har sai sun sha wahala daga sanyi na farko. Lokaci akalla kwanaki 50-60 yakan wuce daga shuka zuwa fure. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman a tsawon lokacin girma da lokutan furanni: duk da cewa dahlias na shekara-shekara suna da dabi'ar zuwa farkon fure na siffofin low-girma da kuma ƙarshen zuwa mafi girma, a cikin nau'ikan zamani wannan dokar har yanzu wani lokacin ana keta doka.

Duk shekara dahlias iri ɗaya ne. A yau al'ada ce don rarrabu dahlias zuwa nau'in dwarf ko baranda da "talakawa" ko dahlias lambu. Sunan almara iri-iri "Jolly Fellows" an daɗe da yin ma'amala tare da kowane Dahlia na shekara-shekara, amma ƙungiyar ba ta iyakance ga wannan haɗuwa iri-iri ba. Dangane da dabarun yin girma daga tsaba, wakilan nau'ikan daban-daban, kungiyoyi da azuzuwan dahlias ba su bambanta tsakanin kansu ba.

Hanyar girma na shekara dahlias:

1. Shuka a cikin ƙasa.
2. Seeding for seedlings

Germination da dahlia tsaba.

Tarin tattara tsaba dah da kuma zaɓin shuka

Fruarancin frua fruan itace yana ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa ake ganin dahlias na shekara mai sauƙi don girma da tsire-tsire "kasafin kuɗi", babban madadin ga amfanin gona na zamani. Bayan an gama furanni, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun cika, daga wacce bayan bushewa zaka iya samun amfanin gona na karimci. Kuma ko da yake za su ba da zuriya tare da halaye masu yawa kuma ba za su ba da izinin adana halaye na uwar shuka ba, duk da haka, tarin tsaba suna da farin jini.

A matsakaita, zaku iya tattara tsaba daga bushes riga wata daya bayan kwanduna sun ƙare, yankan yankan tsaba. Sanya kwanduna dahlia a cikin iska mai bushe da bushewa a yanayin zafi na ɗakin talakawa. Ana iya cire hatsi kawai bayan cutar ta bushe.

Hakanan za'a iya ajiye tsaba Dahlia a zazzabi a ɗakin. Heat da zafi mai yawa, har da haske - waɗannan alamu ne daga abin da ya kamata a kiyaye su. An adana tsaba Dahlia da kyau a cikin jaka na takarda mai sauƙi.

Lokacin sayen tsaba na Dhlia a cikin shago, ya kamata ka kula da sigogi uku:

1. A kan inflorescences na terry.
2. Lamarin canza launi.
3. Zuwa tsawo na tsirrai (mafi girma iri-iri, da tsayi da girma da mafi ƙarancin yiwuwar yin amfani da ita a ƙirar gonar).

Zai yi wuya a kira dahlias Elite tsire-tsire, ana samun tsabarsu kuma ana samunsu ko'ina. A zabar tsaba masu inganci, ya isa ya nuna kulawa ta yau da kullun. Idan ka sayi nau'ikan da ba a sani ba da gauraya ko sabon iri, to, zai fi kyau ka zaɓi masana'antun da aka kafa su da kyau tare da sauran sababbin tsirrai. Lokacin zabar tsaba, kula da takamaiman kulawa ga lokuta na shawarar da aka ba da shawarar, musamman idan kana son girma dahlias a cikin kwanduna ko kwantena, kuma ba akan gadajen fure ba.

Shuka Dahlia a cikin ƙasa

Duk da yawan tsire-tsire masu zuwa na gaba, shuka iri dahlia kai tsaye a wurin namo ya kasance mafi shahara, kuma watakila hanya mafi sauƙi don girma dahlias na shekara. Kamar yadda zai yiwu sauƙaƙe tsarin haɓaka, zaɓi na dasa shuki dahlias a cikin ƙasa yana baka damar samun karbuwa, ƙarfi, danshi dahlias kusa da ƙarshen bazara, ya dace da yanayin wurin girma. A tsakiyar layi, wannan hanyar tana buƙatar zaɓi mafi yawan zaɓi tare da mafi gajeren lokaci na girma, wanda zai iya yin watanni 2 bayan shuka (in ba haka ba fure na iya zama latti, ba za ku iya jin daɗi ba ko kaɗan).

Zaɓi wani wuri don dahlias na shekara-shekara, yana da daraja a manta da matuƙar zafin rana. Dumi, rana, yanki mai kariya zai ba da izinin waɗannan tsire-tsire su bayyana kyakkyawan kyan gani. Annual dahlias ba zai mutu a cikin inuwa mai ƙima ba, amma ana iya ganin yawan ci gaba na fure kawai a yankuna masu haske. Dahlias girma mafi kyau a cikin ingancin loams, amma sun kuma daidaita sosai zuwa wasu dan kadan acidic ko tsaka tsaki, sako-sako da, m kasa. Babban abu shine shirya wurin shuka don shuka a gaba ta hanyar gabatar da takin gargajiya (takin, amma ba taki) da takin ma'adinai, ash ash a cikin ƙasa, bayan an tsara shi da ƙasa.

Lokaci don shuka a cikin ƙasa ya dogara ne kawai ta yanayin. Dahlias suna da sanyi mai tsauri, amma har yanzu ba sanyi ake iya jurewa ba, saboda haka bai kamata ku rush da shuka su cikin ƙasa ba. A bisa ga al'ada, an shuka dahlias a watan Mayu, tare da yanayi mai kyau - a farkon ko a tsakiyar wata, a tsakiyar layi - a cikin shekaru goma na uku. Zai fi kyau a mai da hankali kan hasashen yanayi na kowane yanayi kuma ku jira lokacin da tsayayyar yanayi mai ɗorewa.

Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a shuka iri na Dahlia:

1. Farfajiya da "gadaje" don shuka dahlias an leveled. A nesa na 20-30 cm ƙirƙirar tsagi mara kyau. A cikin karamin yanki, za a iya shuka shuka a cikin rijiyoyin mutum wanda ke nesa mafi kyau duka don zaɓaɓɓen iri.
2. Dahlia tsaba an shimfiɗa ƙasa da sau da yawa a cikin shirye layuka. Sanya tsaba 2-3 a cikin ramuka.
3. Tsaba suna rufe ƙasa a hankali kuma an shayar da su sosai a gonar.
4. Idan za ta yiwu, a rufe dahlias daga sama tare da fim ɗin da ke hana ƙasa bushewa, yana haɓaka germination kuma yana kare seedlingsan matasa. Da zaran 'ya' ya 'ya' bayyana, za a cire mafaka.
5. An ba da tsire-tsire don girma da girma a cikin makonni 2 zuwa 3.

Ba kamar yawancin masu ba da izini ba, thinning a cikin ma'anar gargajiya, tare da sakin tsire-tsire masu rauni, harbe Dahlia ba lallai ba ne. Plantsarancin tsire-tsire ana iya dasawa da amfani dashi azaman seedlings ba tare da rasa shootauki ɗaya ba. Tabbas, idan akwai tsaba da yawa kuma babu buƙatar kiyaye tsire-tsire, to, haka nan za ku iya fitar da ƙarin karin seedlings.

Seedlings Dahlia a bude filin.

Girma dahlia seedlings

A cikin al'adun shekara-shekara, yawanci ana kiran dahlias mai sauƙin shuka don wahalad da rayuwar aikin lambu ta hanyar shuka ƙwayoyin su. Bayan duk, lokacin da girma ta shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, dahlias Bloom luxuriantly kuma gaskata da kaka suna. Amma idan kuna son samun fure a farkon, farawa ba daga watan Agusta ba, amma a watan Yuli ne ko ma Yuni, don jin daɗin cikakkiyar fure ta gaba a tsakiyar layi ko kuma kun sami nau'ikan da ba a san su da darajar musamman da hangen zaman gaba ba, to, zaku iya amfani da hanyar tsirrai na gargajiya.

Ilasa da Dahlia Shuke Kwantena

Dahlias an shuka shi a al'adance babba, ƙananan kwantena ko akwatuna. Ana buƙatar kasancewar ramuka magudanar ruwa. Ba za ku iya yin shuka ba a cikin tukwane ko kwantena, amma a cikin ƙasa na greenhouses ko greenhouses.

Don girma dah na seedlings, kowane substrate na duniya wanda ya dace da kayan lambu da ke girma da tsire-tsire fure ya dace. Haske, friable da matsakaici mai gaurayawar ƙasa tare da madafin iko yana haɗuwa da kansa. Peat da yashi ma sun dace da shuka iri a cikin rabo na 3 zuwa 1 (amma ba don ruwa ba). Zai fi kyau tsabtace ƙasa kafin shuka tsaba. Bugu da ƙari ga substrate, don girma seedlings na Dahlia, yana da kyau a shirya magudanar ruwa a gaba (aƙalla calcined sand).

Shuka Dahlia Tsaba

An shuka tsaba na Dahlia na shuka a watan Afrilu, tare da kyakkyawan bazara na rana ko (lokacin da zai yiwu a samar da seedlings da haske) - a lokacin Maris. Haɗarin shuka da aka yi yana da alaƙa da haɗarin asarar shuka saboda karancin haske.

Kafin yin shuka, tsaba Dahlia, musamman ma masu tattara kansu, ana kulawa da su da maganin kashe kuzari. Ana iya yayyafa sa'o'i da yawa a cikin maganin dumi na potassiumgangan ko kuma a sarrafa shi na mintina 10 a cikin rauni mai rauni na ruwan 'ya'yan aloe ko wani nau'in fungicide. Bayan preplanting, dole ne a bushe dah dahlia ta hanyar yada shi akan takarda ko adiko na goge baki.

Babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin seeding kanta:

1. Idan kwandon bai yi ƙasa ba ko kuma ramin magudanan ruwa ƙanana, ana zubar da magudanar ruwa a ƙasan akwati. Tankuna suna cike da ƙasar da aka shirya, ba haɗa ta ba, amma ingantaccen tsari da nutsuwa daga bindigar da aka fesa.
2. Tsaba suna shimfiɗa a hankali a kan ƙasa ƙasa, ƙoƙarin barin nesa ya isa saboda a lokacin nutsewa tushen tsirrai ɗaya (daga 3 zuwa 4 cm) basu lalace ba. Tsaba sake sake fesawa daga kyakkyawar fesa.
3. An rufe manyan tsaba tare da farin ciki na ƙasa ko yashi (kauri daga 3 zuwa 5 mm). Zai fi kyau amfani da sieble substrate.
4. Ana rufe kwantena a saman gilashi ko fim.

Dahlia iri germination yanayi

Kwantena tare da tsaba iri na dahlias suna da kyawawa don fallasa su cikin mafi kyawun haske. Harbe zai bayyana a cikin yanayin ɗakin talakawa, amma a cikin yanayi mai zafi, tare da yanayin zafi daga digiri 25, harbe na farko ya bayyana bayan kwanaki 5-6.

Tankunan suna shan iska a kullun har sai farkon ya fito. Tsari daga harbe an cire hankali.

Shuka Shuka Dahlia

Dahlias mai saurin girma yana buƙatar neman ruwa akai-akai don kula da danshi ƙasa. Abubuwan fashewa suna buƙatar yayyafa a hankali, tunda dampness mai yawa na iya haifar da asarar ƙwayar cuta a sakamakon yaduwar cututtuka. Don dahlias, ya zama dole don kula da mafi yawan haske.

Miji seedlings dahlia da kuma kula da tsirrai matasa

Sakamakon haɓaka mai aiki, ana iya haihuwar seedlings dahlia a cikin kwanaki 10-15 bayan bayyanar farkon seedlings. Dahlia seedlings sun fi kyau nutse cikin kwantena. Idan za ta yiwu, yi amfani da tukwane na peat ko kwantena na waɗannan tsire-tsire waɗanda za a iya cire su daga shuka ba tare da lalata ƙammar yumɓun ba. Ana aiwatar da ruwa a mataki na 2 - 3 ganye na gaskiya, ƙoƙarin kada ku tuntuɓi asalin sa. Idan an kara girman seedlings, zaku iya zurfafa su zuwa farkon (cotyledon) ganye. Bayan dasawa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da rauni mai guba don hana cututtuka.

Kulawa da matasa Dahlia seedlings suna gangarowa zuwa yau da kullun, ingantaccen ruwa, hana overmoistening na kasar gona ko cikakken bushewa fita. Fertilizing for dahlias mafi yawa ana ba da za'ayi, amma don hanzarta karbuwa a gaban dasawa, zaka iya ƙara mai hanzari na girma da dasa a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa. Idan aka yi girma tsirrai don gonar tukunya, to, zaku iya fara saka miya tun daga sati na biyu ko na uku bayan nutsewa don hanzarta girma da fure. Chingarna ta fi na iya tayar da haɓakar harbe harbe a kaikaice. Don al'adar kwandon shara, ana aiwatar da zufa sama da nau'i huɗu zuwa biyar. A cikin shekara-shekara dahlias, ba a cire daskararru ba.

'Ya'yan Seedlings na tsaba da aka shuka akan shuka

Hardening Dahlia seedlings

Don dahlias, yana da muhimmanci a saba da tsire-tsire don wadataccen iska da yanayi a gonar. Lingsalingsan ƙwaya suna taurare don aƙalla makonni 1-2, farawa don ɗaukar tsirrai zuwa ingantaccen iska da rana daga farkon Mayu.

Sauya Dahlia cikin ƙasa da kwantena

Yana yiwuwa don canja wurin shekara-shekara dahlias zuwa gonar, don dasa a cikin baranda masu kunshe, gandunan tukwane ko a cikin ƙasa lokacin da tsananin dawo da daskararru. Ba lallai ba ne a jira don watan Yuni na wannan bazarar: dasawa zai iya farawa da zaran kasar ta cika zafi har zuwa digiri 10 Celsius. Yawancin lokaci ana aiwatar da su a cikin shekaru 20 na farko na Mayu, tsire-tsire, idan sun kasance sun taurare don makonni 2 zuwa 3, suna jin daɗi sosai a gonar kuma da sauri fara ci gaba. Tabbas, koyaushe wajibi ne don daidaita shawarwarin da aka karɓa bisa ga yanayin.

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings na dahlias na shekara-shekara, an lura da nisa sosai tsakanin bushes. Tsire-tsire suna girma koyaushe, har ma don kwantena yana da darajan barin nesa na 20-60 cm, gwargwadon matsakaicin tsayi na nau'ikan kanta. Don tsire-tsire masu "tsayayyen", ya fi kyau idan nisan da ke tsakanin tsire-tsire bai wuce 40 cm ba, amma koyaushe yana da kyau a lissafta mafi ƙarancin nisa da kanka: ya kamata? kiyasta tsawo daga cikin bushes.

Saukowa a cikin ƙasa koyaushe ana yin shi ne a cikin ramuka na mutum tare da zurfin 20 zuwa 30 cm. Idan zai yiwu, yana da kyau a haɗu da ƙasa da ke cike da ma'adinin, takin gargajiya (banda daskararren ciyayi) sai ƙaramin ɗanyen ash. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi ko yayi yawa, za a iya daidaita sashin ta. Dandalin bai yi haƙuri da dasa shuki ba da kyau, yana da kyau a rage hulɗa da asalinsu. Idan za a cire tsire-tsire daga kwantena, to, kafin dasa shuki da seedlings buƙatar shayar da yawa. Ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka, suna barin matakin wuyan wuyansa tare da ƙasa ko tare da ɗan ƙara zurfafa don tsirrai masu nisa. Kammala saukowa tare da yawan ruwa.Mulching bayan dasa shuki yana baka damar hanzarta daidaitawa da daidaita sauqi a duka akwati da dahlias. Don kare kan dawowar sanyi, yana da kyau a shirya kayan da ba saka ba don tsirrai shuke-shuke, idan ya cancanta.

Kula da matasa tsirrai Dahlia

Dankali da akwati dahlias na shekara-shekara, musamman ma a farkon watanni bayan dasa shuki, suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali. A gare su, ya zama dole don samar da tsari na shayarwa, kiyaye tsayayyen yanayin zafi mai kyau na substrate, amma guje wa rigar wuce gona da iri. Ana aiwatar da sutura mai tsayi tare da daidaitaccen mita ga matukan jirgi - sau ɗaya a kowane mako na 2-3, ta yin amfani da takaddun takaddun takaddama ko kuma suturar kayan gargajiya da ma'adinai. A ranakun zafi, fesawa da ruwa mai ɗumi zai taimaka wa dahlias kula da sabon ganye da kyawawan ganye har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa.

Bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa don dahlias, yana da kyau don kula da yanayin dattako, hana bushewa na ƙasa tare da samar da ruwa mai taimako a cikin fari. Nan gaba, ya isa ban ruwa kawai lokacin da ba'a samu ruwan sama sosai ba ko kuma ranakun zafi. Abincin tsire-tsire a kan kasa mai ƙira bazai zama dole ba, amma 2-3 irin waɗannan hanyoyin lokacin bazara zasu ba dahlias damar karin fure (ana yin su makonni 2-3 bayan dasawa, a mataki na budding da wata daya bayan farkon farkon fure). Excessarin takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa zai fi dacewa a guji, saboda takin da ya wuce kima zai haifar da haɓakar greenery zuwa lalata amfanin fure. Daga farkon watan shuka, ya fi dacewa a kula da wasu ƙarin abubuwa biyu na kula da dahlias na shekara-shekara:

1. Nemo ƙasa, wanda aka fi yi bayan kowace ban ruwa ko ruwan sama mai nauyi.
2. Sako sarrafawa.

Dukansu don potted da shekara-shekara dahlias girma a cikin ƙasa, ban ruwa ya kamata a rage a farkon kaka, dauke da cikakken ruwa hanyoyin idan ya cancanta da kuma guje wa overmoistening na kasar gona. Ciyarwa ta ƙarshe don dahlias na shekara yana gudana ne a watan Agusta.

Ana cire kwanduna masu lalacewa, sai dai idan kuna son tattara tsaba daga gare su don kakar wasa ta gaba, ba ku damar shimfiɗa fure na tsawon lokaci. Stepsons na shekara dahlias ba su za'ayi ko da bayan dasa a cikin ƙasa bude.

Girma perennial Dahlia daga tsaba

Ba shekara-shekara dahlias ya kamata a jefa shi. Idan kuna son wata iri-iri, kun jawo hankali ga launi mai ban sha'awa ko siffar furanni na kowane tsire-tsire, to, zaku iya tono da kuma adana su, dasa shuki a cikin kakar mai zuwa kamar riga da pelili dahlias wintering a bayan ƙasa. Babban sirrin canza shekar dahlia zuwa shekara daya shine a tono sama da tubers cikin lokaci. Baza a bar tsire-tsire da aka zaɓa a cikin ƙasa ba har sai mutuwarsu mai yiwuwa daga sanyi. A ƙarshen Satumbar ko kuma farkon Oktoba, ana fitar da tushen ganyen a hankali daga tsire-tsire, a bushe, a tsabtace kuma an adana shi don sanyi, tare da "girma" dahlias "girma. Sakamakon girman matsakaicin, ƙarancin '' annuals '' na iya bushewa, don haka ya kamata a bincika su a mafi yawan lokuta yayin ajiya, yayin da suke guje wa wurare tare da ƙarancin zafi. Don tanadin mafi kyawu, ya fi dacewa a zaɓi tsire-tsire da aka samu ta hanyar shuka. Bayan haka, suna samar da ƙanana mafi girma da ƙarfi fiye da dahlias da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa.

Idan farkon wintering nasara, da ana bi da tubers kamar yadda talakawa dahlias. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ƙananan har sai rhizomes na dahlias na shekara-shekara don distillation, da al'adun tukunya, da kuma girma a cikin ƙasa a cikin al'adun perennial talakawa. Suna dasa a lokaci guda kamar yadda talakawa Dahlia tubers.

Za'a iya amfani da hanyar yaduwar 'ba kwatsam ba', amma a zaɓi na iri don sake tattara tarin abubuwan da ba sau biyu ko kuma don samun adadi mai yawa na kayan shuka da farashi mai ƙima.