A cikin kungiyar a rukunin ku na tafki na wucin gadi, zaku iya yi da farashi mai dan kadan. Ka ce, idan kun yi fadama-ruwa ko kuma ruwa mai shimfida ruwa, kuma tafkin zai cika kyau da ruwan karkashin kasa, ba za ku iya matse kasa da ganuwar ba. Gaskiya ne, matakin ruwa a cikin wannan tafki ba shi da tabbas, saboda ya dogara da yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa, amma har yanzu yana yiwuwa a yi girma kifin da ba shi da ma'ana a ciki - kifin crucian, layin. A wannan labarin, zamuyi kokarin gano yadda za'a kirkiro babban tafki mai ƙarfi a cikin yankin.
Wanka mai ado.
Fa'idodin kuɗin ajiya na babban birnin
Ruwa na Clay da na fim suna da araha sosai fiye da daɗin da aka ƙarfafa. Kuma gina su abune mai sauki. Abu ɗaya mara kyau ne - suna sauƙin lalacewa kuma ba koyaushe dace a aiki ba.
Wuraren jujjuyawar - madaidaiciya da ƙarfafa madaidaiciya - ba su da arha, amma abin dogaro ne. Bugu da kari, basa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, suna riƙe ruwa da kyau, bankunan kuma ba su zamewa.
Lokacin amfani da kankare, yana da sauƙi don ba wa wankin kowane bayanin martaba, shirya abubuwan ɗorawa da zurfin ruwa, matakan karkashin ruwa - wuraren shakatawa na tsire-tsire masu zurfi. Idan ya cancanta, irin waɗannan tafkunan suna cikin sauƙi sauƙaƙe don hunturu.
Concretearfafa kankare kandaran kandaran zane
Sanya wani tafki
Wace wuri ya kamata a kasafta a ƙarƙashin tafki a shafin? Idan muka yi la’akari da cewa karamin kandami (mai kyau-da kyau, ba shakka) yana da ƙima mai kyau, to yakamata ya kasance a yankin nishaɗi, nesa ba kusa da ginin mazaunin ba, tsakanin gadaje na fure. Yana da mahimmanci kawai cewa bishiyoyi da gine-gine ba su rufe shi gaba daya.
Tsarin kandami
Dangane da bayanin martabar, ana iya yin tafki tare da rafin dutse ko kuma kusan a sake komawa ƙasa. Zai dace mu fitar da ruwa daga kandami tare da manyan bankunan ta hanyar rami. Koda ɗakin wanka na yau da kullun na iya zama irin wannan ƙaramin tafki.
Koyaya, wuraren ajiye ruwa tare da rairayin bakin teku masu amfani sun fi kyau, duba mafi kyau, kuma mafi dacewa don girma tsirrai na ruwa ruwa da kifi. Ganuwar gefen waɗannan rijiyoyin suna 10-15 cm sama da matakin ƙasa. Don kada tafkin yayi kama da rami mai sauƙin ko rami, ya kamata a sanya jigonsa zagaye, m ko mai jujjuyawar.
Tsarin siffofi na geometric ya kusanci gonar tare da shimfiɗa ta yau da kullun, lokacin da madaidaiciya layi ya mamaye shirin makircin. Ana ba da shawarar wuraren waha na tafkin a cikin wuraren da ake kira lambuna masu kirkira tare da shimfidar wuri, kyauta kusa da na halitta. Anan zaka iya nuna hasashen mafi wadata.
Zurfin ruwa
Zurfin tafki ya dogara da babban dalilin shi. Don haifar da kifi a cikin yankin tsakiyar ƙasar, yakamata ya zama 1-1.5 m, a kudu - har zuwa 2. sectionsananan sassan 0.3-0.5 m zurfi suma suna da kyau a cikin tafkin. Bottomasan da ke sama ya fi kyau a nan kuma an samar da yanayi don haifuwa. abincin kifi na halitta - phyto da zooplankton, daphnia, jini.
Idan rafin ya gudana ta wurin, to ana iya amfani dashi don shirya magudanar rafi kuma cikin nasara a sami kifaye iri iri da yawa a ciki. Idan kuna da niyyar barin kifin don hunturu, to kuna buƙatar shirya na'urori na musamman - rijiyoyin hunturu ko rami. Gaskiya ne, dole ne a ɗauka cikin tunanin cewa yana da wuyar shawo kan mutuwar hunturu na kifi daga rashin iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa.
Concretearfafa kankare kandami tare da recessed gaba: 1 - ƙasa mai ruɓi; 2 - matattarar yashi - 150 - 200 mm; 3 - shirye-shiryen dutse wanda aka murƙushe - 40-60 mm; - 4 - kankare mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfe ƙarfe tare da diamita na 4-8 mm - 120-150 mm; 5 - hana ruwa: 2 yadudduka na kayan rufin kan bitumen mastic; 6 - wani yanki mai kariya na kankare - 50-60 mm; 7 - ƙasa mai shuka - 120-200 mm; 8 - m yashi - 30-50 mm; 9 - ruwa; 10 - fuskantar da tiles na ado; 11 - hanya daga fale-falen buraka; 12 - daskararru, dutse; 13 - ganga don ciyawar ciyawar ruwa; 14 - bututun ruwa; 15 - rami mai sha.Tunda ana amfani da tafki a wurin don fahimta, gami da haɓakar tsire-tsire masu ruwa, ya fi dacewa a yi gindin zama tare da gangara, tare da rarar ƙasa domin shuka, da bankunan ɓarawon da keɓaɓɓun matakai - matattarar ƙasa.
An shirya matakan tare da faɗin 30-40 cm don dasa tsirrai a cikin ƙananan kwantena. Zurfin da ke sama da matakin farko shine 20-30 cm. Ya dace mu gangaro da matakai cikin tafki yayin gyara, tsaftacewa, da kamun kifi. Ba lallai ne su yi kewayen kewaye da kandami ba.
Madadin kwantena, zaku iya sanya ƙasa kayan lambu akan irin wannan filin. Saboda ƙasa ba ta murƙushe ƙasan tafkin, ana yin dutsen ko dutse mai ƙarfe 12-15 cm tsayi tare da gefen matakin.
Aikin gini
Bayan an buɗe ramin harsashin ginin, tushe da bangonsa ana tafe a hankali. A ƙarƙashin ƙasan makomar nan gaba, an zuba matashin yashi. Za a tattara dutsen da aka murƙushe ko yashi a cikin yashi daga sama.
Retearfafa matattara
Ana iya shirya tafki a cikin nau'i na rafi mai gudana a cikin wani kandami.
Kuna iya shirya karamin ruwan saukar ruwa a kan tafkin ado.
Wajan yakamata ya dace da yanayin gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin shirya tafkuna tare da wurin da ya wuce 7-10 m2, ana bada shawara don amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfe na ƙarfe. A saboda wannan, sandar waya ta dace. An yanke shi da sanduna na tsawon abin da ake buƙata, ya danganta da girman kasan da ganuwar tafkin kuma an sanya shi ta gefen layi tare da gefen ɗakunan murabba'i 20-25 cm A wuraren da sandunan suka mamaye, an haɗa su da waya mai taushi.
An dage farawa ta yadda ya kasance cikin kauri na ɗakunan gini. Don yin wannan, sanya ƙananan pebbles a ƙarƙashin sanduna a saman tsakuwa ko kuma ɗaure shi a kan wasu ƙarfe na ƙarfe da aka makale a cikin ɓarna a gefe ko kuma a cikin katako na katako.
Shigowar bututu na ruwa
Don sake juyar da kandami tare da ruwa a lokaci guda kamar ƙarfafa, sanya bututu mai ruwa daga tsarin samar da ruwa ko wani ruwa na ruwa. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da ruwan kogi na rufin gine-ginen saboda wannan manufa. Za'a iya daidaita ruwa ta hanyar shirya karamin saukar ruwa, tukunyar ruwa ko karamin tafki. Wannan ya sanya keɓaɓɓun hotuna da na halitta.
Shigowar bututu
Yayin ƙarfafa, ana kuma shigar da bututun magudanar ruwa - magudana ko kwarara. Ana saka bututun magudan ruwa idan akwai gutsi, rami, rafi kusa da nan. A wannan yanayin, ana sanya ramin magudana a ƙasan tafki ko a kasan bangon gefen gangara.
Idan babu inda za a yi magudanar ruwan, ana fitar da shi kuma ana amfani dashi don ban ruwa. An saka bututu mai ruwa a matakin ruwa da ake so. Wucewar ruwan da yake gudana dashi ta ko dai cikin magudanar ruwan, ko cikin rami na musamman mai daukar ruwa. A saboda wannan dalili, ganga da aka haƙa a cikin ƙasa ba tare da tushe ba ya dace. Hakanan abin ban sha'awa shine zaɓi na kwarara ruwa zuwa rijiyar rami.
Bayan kammala aikin shigarwa, sun fara cike gindin kandami tare da kankare. Abun da ya ƙunsa ta nauyi shine kusan mai zuwa: ciminti - 1 sashi, yashi mai laushi - sassa 2, dutse mai ƙyalli - sassa 3. Ana amfani da matakan ciminti 400 da sama. Don rashin tsakuwa, ana amfani da turmi na ciminti a cikin nauyin 1: 3-4. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine juriya na ruwa na kandami, don haka matattara mai haɗawa ya buƙaci a takaita shi aƙalla kaɗan.
Aikin bango na tafki
Bayan kankare daga ƙasa ya taurare, ci gaba zuwa ɗaga bangon. An yi su da kyau sosai tare da wasu nuna bambanci daga tsakiyar tafkin. Kankare a cikin aikin zane na katako. Idan an yi zurfin gefen gabar da ke kan teku, yi amfani da kayan zane na musanya.
Kauri daga cikin murfin kwanon ganuwar kandami, kamar kasan, shine cm 12-15. An cire kayan aikin lokacinda an cika karfin kwanon. Don mafi girman juriya na ruwa, daskararren kankare, bayan an cire kayan aikin, wani lokacin ana sanya mai hana ruwa daga ɗaya ko biyu yadudduka na kayan rufin ko rufin da aka ji akan mastic na mastic, mai biyowa ta hanyar kariya na haɗin gwiwa.
Tare da kyawawan ingancin kankare da kauri daga 16-20 cm, zaka iya yi ba tare da hana ruwa ba. Yankin kwanciya mai kwanciyar hankali na kwanaki 3-4 ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga bushewa mai wuce kima kuma, musamman, daga hasken rana kai tsaye, don haka ganuwar da ƙasa an rufe su da rigar iska, ciyawar mowed, garkuwa.
Adon kayan ado na bangon gabar ruwa na kandami
A cikin kayan ado na ado na bango na kankare-bankunan, ana amfani da fasahohi iri-iri, gami da karkatarwa. A kan tarnaƙi na kankare na kandami, ɗakunan dutse da ƙananan duwatsun suna da kyau.
Wanka mai ado.
Mun cika tafkin da ruwa
An ba da shawarar cika tafkin da ruwa ba a cikin kwanaki 10-14 bayan ƙarshen concreting, lokacin da ƙarfe ya taurare sosai. Da farko, kandaran an wanke, ana cika kwanon kwano a saman da ruwa. Bayan kwanaki 2-3, ana ruwa wannan kuma bayan wannan yashi, an kawo ƙasa mai ƙasan tushe kuma matakan farfajiyar, ana shuka tsire-tsire na ruwa kuma a ƙarshe cike da ruwa.
Bayan kwanaki 2-3, zaku iya ajiye taskokin da aka gama. Yana da kyau a rinka saukar da ruwa daga kandami a cikin kaka don gyara, kamun kifi, tsaftace kasa, da tsabtace tsirrai. Bugu da kari, ba tare da ruwa ba, kayan kankare sun fi saurin jure yanayin hunturu. Don guje wa kisan hunturu, idan ba a samar da matakai na musamman don samar da shi tare da oxygen ba, to ya fi kyau canja wurin kifin zuwa na'urorin hunturu.
Mawallafi: A. Moiseev
