Cucumbersanyan itace, da aka yanyanka, ko girken abinci mai mahimmanci na abincinmu. Tun daga safiya har zuwa maraice, ana jin karar 'dunƙulen' sabo (daga cikin lambu) daga dacha, kuma babu alama babu abin da ya fi kyau. Kokwamba shine amfanin gona mafi yawan amfanin gona, wanda, ya danganta da yanayin da yanayin yanayi, an girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, katako, kanana, a karkashin matsugunnan ɗan lokaci. Amma fasaha, bisa manufa, koyaushe ɗaya ce. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na cucumbers a farkon matakai a yankuna tare da dogon lokacin bazara mai sanyi, ya fi kyau shuka amfanin gona ta hanyar shuka. Kuna iya yin wannan ta hanyoyi daban-daban: a ciki ko ba tare da ƙasa ba, a cikin kwantena daban daban ko kwantena, kaset na musamman, a cikin gidajen ƙasa, a kan windowsill na dafa abinci, a ƙarƙashin mafaka na ɗan lokaci a cikin gadaje masu dumi. Babban abu shine girma shuka lafiya.
Seedlings na cucumbers.
Shiri kasar gona da kwantena don shuka
Abun iya shuka tsaba na cucumbers
Aikin shirya ne a cikin makonni 3-5 tare da shirye-shiryen kwantena na shuka. Tushen tsarin cucumbers bai yarda da tsangwama ba. Sabili da haka, a cikin namo gida, shuka shuka mafi kyau an yi shi cikin tukwane na peat dabam ko kofuna daga samfuran madara.
A cikin waɗannan kwantena, seedlings na cucumbers kusan basu da tushen rot. Idan ana amfani da jita-jita akai-akai, kuma ana dasa shuki, to lallai ya zama dole a lalata duk kwantena a cikin maganin 1-2% na dindindin.
Preparationasa shiri
Kamar sauran al'adun, kokwamba na seedlings suna buƙatar haske a cikin abun da ke ciki, amma gaurayawar ƙasa mai ruwa, ruwa- da numfashi, cike da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Lokacin seedling na cucumbers, dangane da iri da nau'in ripening (da wuri, na tsakiya, na marigayi), daga 25 zuwa 30 days. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau kada ku ciyar da seedlings yayin girma da haɓaka, kuma nan da nan shuka tsaba a cikin takin ƙasa mai haɓaka.
Masu farawa galibi suna sayan ƙasar da aka yiwa riga mai lalacewa kuma wannan yana rage lokacin da za'a kashe akan aikin shirya. Masu ƙaunar tinkering suna yin cakuda ƙasa don kansu. Haɗin ƙasa wanda kansa ya shirya kai-tsaye yawanci ya ƙunshi abubuwa 3-4:
- ganye ko ciyawar ƙasar (ba daga conifers),
- takin da suka girma ko kuma shirye shirye na biohumus,
- peat doki
- yashi.
Dukkan sassan sun haɗu daidai da rabo cikin 1: 2: 1: 1. Idan babu peat, zaku iya shirya cakuda abubuwa 3. Gardenerswararrun lambu da ke shirya kansu, gwajin lokaci, gaurayawar ƙasa kuma tabbatar da duba su don acidity (pH = 6.6-6.8). Don sanin adadin cakuda da kayan abinci don shirya, ɗauki tsire-tsire 3 a 1 sq M a matsayin tushen lissafin. m square.
Kokwamba seedlings za a iya girma a kan peat Allunan sanya a cikin filastik kwantena tare da cropped kasa. Ana sanya kwamfutar hannu mai kauri na 5-8 mm a cikin kwandon filastik, an shayar da shi, jira don kumburi da shuka iri. Shirya don dasa shuki seedlings na cucumbers, lankwasawa da tushe, an tura shi daga cikin tanki kuma aka dasa a ƙasa.
Kokwamba seedlings.
Rashin ƙwayar ƙasa don seedlings na cucumbers
Kasar da aka sayo da aka shirya wa kanta ta ci gaba da sayarwa, amma (idan kawai) ya fallasa daskararre don ƙarin daskarewa. Hadin ƙasar da aka siya ba ƙari kuma aka haɗa shi, amma har yanzu zaka iya bincika mai siyar da matakin yadda ya kamata don amfani.
Kula da cikakken bayani game da kayanmu: Yadda za a shirya ƙasa don seedlings?
Cakuda-kai da aka shirya cikin yankuna na arewacin daga kaka ko makonni 2-3 kafin a shuka iri dole ne a lalata ta ta daskarewa ko, a cikin yankuna masu dumin-dumu da dumin ruwa, ta hanyar hurawa / ɗamara, ta wasu hanyoyi.
Bayan kamuwa da cuta, takin ma'adinai da mahadi ana haxa da cakuda ƙasa mai cin gashin kansa, yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin tsarin tushen, murƙushe ƙwayoyin fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta (mai yiwuwa ba a lalata gaba ɗaya yayin lalata).
Tuna! Mafi na kowa sanadin mutuwar farkon seedlings da matasa seedlings ne fungal na ƙasa da kamuwa da kwayan cuta wanda ke haifar da tushe.
Daga takin mai magani, 200 g na ash (gilashin), 40-50 g na takin zamani da 30-35 g na potassium sulfate ana karawa a cikin cakuda ƙasa don kowane kilo 10. Madadin haka, zaka iya ƙara 80-90 g na kemira ko nitrophoski.
Za a iya magance cakuda ƙasa mai bushewa tare da biofungicides: trichodermin, phytosporin a cikin cakuda tanki tare da bioinsecticides: actophyte da phytoerm. Kuna iya kula da cakuda ƙasa a mako guda kafin cika seedlings tare da maganin aiki na Baikal EM-1, Ekomik Yield ko shirye-shiryen bushe Emochki-Bokashi. Danshi kasar gona. A cikin yanayi mai dumi, gumi, ingatattun ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɓaka cikin hanzari kuma a ƙarshe suna lalata microflora na pathogenic.
Tsarin kokwamba tsaba don shuka
Yana da amfani sosai ga masu farawa a cikin shuka seedlings su sayi kayan da aka yi da iri. Ya rigaya ya shirya don shuka. Ba ya buƙatar ƙarin aiki, sai dai don yin shuka (idan an ba shi). Lura cewa bayanai masu zuwa dole ne a nuna a kan kunshin tsaba na cucumbers:
- sunan iri-iri, ko kuma matasan,
- yanki, girma yanki (yanki),
- hanyar haɓaka (don buɗe ƙasa, greenhouses),
- kwanan wata,
- Kimanin lokacin saukowa don madawwamin wurin,
- Kwanakin nishaɗin (farkon, na tsakiya, ƙarshen, da sauransu),
- Dalilin amfanin gona (salatin, don salting, sauran nau'in girbi na hunturu).
Kada ku sayi iri daga masu siyar da bazuwar. Za a iya ruɗe ku.
Biya a hankali ga kayanmu: Wani irin cucumbers za i?
Kokwamba seedling.
Cuman itacen Kokwamba
Abubuwan da aka tattara kansu na cucumbers dole ne a calibrated kuma su shafe su. Don seedlings kasance m, kana bukatar ka shuka da tsaba of the same yanayin. Don yin wannan, calibrate.
Ana ƙara cokalin kayan zaki ba tare da saman gishiri a gilashin ruwa ba. An zuba ƙwayar cuman itacen a cikin bayani wanda aka shirya kuma an zuga. A cikin 'yan mintina kaɗan, haske, ƙanƙan wuta mai sauƙi zai fito, kuma tsaba masu nauyi, masu nauyi za su nutse a ƙasan. An raba tsaba masu haske. Maganin gishirin an zartar da shi ta hanyar ɓarke kuma an rage tsaba da ke ƙasa da gilashin a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudana kuma an bushe shi da ɗumi a zazzaɓi.
Kokwamba iri disinfection
Hanya mafi sauki don gurbata tsaba kokwamba a gida shine jiƙa ƙwayayen da aka rufa a cikin gauze na mintina 15-20 a cikin maganin 1% na daskararren potassium.
Ya daɗe mai sosa mummunar tasiri yana shafar tsirowar tsaba. Kar a overdo shi!
Bayan kamuwa da cuta, ya sake zama dole don yayyafa tsaba a cikin ruwa mai gudana kuma bushe su a zazzabi a daki akan adon adiko na ciki (ba akan fim ba) wanda ke sha danshi da kyau.
Successfullyarin samun nasarar lalata ƙwayar kokwamba a cikin maganin ɗayan samfuran halittu - alirina-B, phytosporin-M, gamair-SP. An shirya shirye-shiryen etching bayani daidai da umarnin da suka dace. Bayan kamuwa da cuta tare da samfuran halitta, ba lallai ba ne don kurkura da tsaba. Suna warwatse nan da nan don bushewa a kan adiko na goge baki. A tsaba koyaushe bushe zuwa flowability, amma a dakin da zazzabi.
Shuka tsaba kokwamba na shuka
Shuka cikin kwantena
Bayan duk aikin shirye-shiryen, kafin su shuka irin kwastomomin, sun cika 2/3 na tsawo na kwandon tare da ƙasa mai shirya, shimfiɗa magudana a ƙasa, sanya kwantena a kan akwatunan ruwa a sha. Bada izinin ruwan sha mai yawa ta hanyar magudanan ruwa. Ka bar don ɗan lokaci kwantena don ripening ƙasa cakuda (ya kamata ya kasance m, crumble, ba sanda).
A tsakiyar akwati da aka shirya, kai tsaye a kan ƙasa ko cikin zurfin 0.5-1.0 cm, sanya tsaba 2 na cucumbers. Bayan seedlings sprouting bar daya, mafi kyau ci gaba. An cire iri na biyu ta hanyar fille a matakin ƙasa. Tsaba na iya bushewa ko tsiro. Yayyafa tsaba na cucumbers a kan 1.0-1.5 cm tare da yashi ko ƙasa bushe. Lyaukarta mai sauƙi. Danshi cikin foda ta kwalban feshi da murfi tare da fim don daidaita yanayin greenhouse.
Trays tare da an shuka iri na cucumbers ana sanya su a cikin wurin dumi. Zazzabi a iska kafin a kula da tsiro zuwa + 26 ... + 28 ° C. Kafin seedlings na cucumbers, cakuda ƙasa ba a shayar da shi ba, amma kawai aka fesa daga kwalban fesa da ruwa mai ɗumi. Iseaga fim ɗin kullun (lokacin da aka fesa) don samun iska.
Yaushe dasa shuki cucumbers for seedlings?
Kwanan shuka tsaba na cucumbers don shuka ga yankuna daban-daban za'a iya samun su a cikin kayanmu "Zamanin shuka amfanin gona na kayan lambu na shuka ga yankuna daban daban".
Seedlings na cucumbers.
Kula da seedlings na cucumbers
Kokwamba seedlings suna bayyana a ranar 3rd-5th, dangane da shiri na tsaba (bushe ko tsiro) da kuma yanayin seedling. Lokacin da taro na cucumbers suka bayyana, ana cire fim ɗin, kuma ana sanya pallets tare da seedlings a cikin wurin da aka kunna. Rashin hasken wutan lantarki na iya haifar da shimfidawa zuwa gefe guda na seedlings zuwa ga mafi kyawun haske.
Yanayin zafin jiki na seedlings na cucumbers
Kokwamba iri-iri yana girma a zazzabi a cikin kewayon + 26 ... + 28 ° С. Da zaran cotyledonous ganyen kokwamba ya buɗe, yanayin zafin iska ya ragu da + 5 ... + 7 ° С kuma a farkon makonni 2 ana kiyaye shi a + 18 ... + 22 ° С a cikin rana da dare + 15 ... + 17 ° С. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ƙasa a wannan lokacin shine + 18 ... + 20 ° С.
Daga makonni 2 na haihuwa, kokwamba seedlings farawa zuwa canje-canje zafin jiki a cikin rana da dare. Tare da zafi mai zurfi, an kwantar da ɗakin ba tare da zayyanawa da raguwa mai ƙarfi a zazzabi ba. Kwanaki 5-7 kafin a dasa shuki kokwamba a cikin dindindin, sai su fara taurara, suna karɓar su zuwa mafi girman yanayin rayuwa.
Yanayin Haske
Kokwamba sune tsire-tsire na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Masu shayarwa a halin yanzu ana yin bredi da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke tsaka tsaki dangane da lokutan hasken rana, amma suna ci gaba da nema kan haske. Tare da rashin isasshen hasken wuta, tsawon ranar girgije, ana jan kabeji, an sha kayan abinci sosai, kuma suka fara zama marasa lafiya. Sabili da haka, a farkon shuka, suna amfani da ƙarin haske tare da phytolamps, fitila mai kyalli, da sauran na'urori masu amfani da hasken wuta, waɗanda za'a iya siyansu a cikin shagunan musamman.
Yayinda 'ya'yan itacen dabino ke girma, kwantena ke motsawa daban saboda kada a sanya fure a ciki. Tare da ingantaccen tsari, ganyen tsire-tsire masu kusa kada ya taɓa juna.
Seedlings na cucumbers.
Watering seedlings na cucumbers
Watering yana nufin babban yanayi guda uku don tsiro lafiyayyun seedlings na cucumbers (haske, zazzabi, watering).
Mun fara shayar da seedlings na cucumbers 5 bayan germination. Ana yin ruwa da feshi kawai da ruwa mai + (+ 24 ... + 25 ° C). Kafin wannan, kawai spraying (sosai lafiya) har zuwa sau 2 a kowace sa'o'in hasken rana. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya ruwa daga saman tare da gefen ganga tare da rafi na bakin ciki ba tare da taɓa ganyen ba. Amma ya fi kyau ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi.
Bayan kowace watering, kasar gona dole ne a mulched da bushe yashi ko finely ƙasa cakuda ƙasa tare da humus. Moisturearfin danshi yana lalata lalata tushen tsarin cucumbers saboda haɓakar mold. Moi mycorrhiza yana rufe kasar gona kuma yana cutar da dukkanin matashin shuka, yana haifar da mutuwar mutuwan seedlings da kuma wasu manya manya.
Topping kokwamba seedlings
Idan aka shirya cakuda ƙasa daidai kuma isasshen cika da takin mai magani, to, zaku iya yi ba tare da takin ƙasa ba. Wannan lokaci na shuka kokwamba seedlings yana da gajarta - kwanaki 25-30, ba ta da lokacin da za ta ji buƙatun su.
Idan ganyen kokwamba seedlings ya canza launi, ya daina haɓaka, jujjuyawar, za mu iya ɗauka, a ƙarƙashin sauran yanayi mafi kyau (zazzabi, haske, zafi na iska da ƙasa, rashin cuta), cewa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ciyar da su.
Gardenerswararrun 'yan lambu, suna mulching ƙasa da yashi bayan ruwa, haɗa shi da ash, kuma yana taka rawar miya. Idan ya cancanta, ana ciyar da seedlings na cucumbers a kan ƙasa mai laushi tare da bayani na kemira, maganin ash, cakuda abubuwa alama (tare da halayen boron). Don ƙarin sanin ainihin abubuwan gina jiki da tsire-tsire, zaka iya nemo alamun matsananciyar yunwa daga hotunan a cikin kundin litattafai kuma daidai shirya cakuda su ko siyan wanda aka yi shirye.
Za'a iya aiwatar da abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar fesa ganyen seedlings. Yi hankali lokacin shirya matsalolin abinci. Yakamata a dan kara mai da hankali, narkar da su. Concentara yawan taro na iya ƙone tsire-tsire. Bayan kayan ƙura na ƙasa, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zube ƙasa da ruwa mai tsabta da ciyawa.
Kokwamba girma ta hanyar seedlings.
Dasa tsiron seedlings na cucumbers a ƙasa
Oldan itacen 25-30 na ranar fure, wanda aka shirya don dasawa, yakamata ya sami ganye mai tsiro 3-5, za'a iya samun eriya (s), toho (s). Peat tukwane tare da tsire-tsire ana shuka su ta hanyar 30-40 cm zuwa zurfin kwandon don ƙwanƙolin ya shimfiɗa sama da ƙasa ƙasa da kusan 0.5-1.0 cm. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire na kokwamba da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings na cucumbers ta hanyar narkar da kai, an yanke ƙasa yayin shuka yana lanƙwasa, an jefa tushen da shuka tare da nan da nan aka dasa shi a cikin rami wanda aka riga an shayar. Lokacin shayar da rijiyoyin, zaku iya ƙara tushe, planriz, ga mafita daga takin mai magani - “ɗan wasa” ko “kemir”.
Shin kuna shuka cucumbers ta hanyar shuka ko kuma shuka shuka a ƙasa? Raba kwarewarku a cikin girma shuka kokwamba a cikin bayanan ga labarin.
