Ofaya daga cikin mafi yawan tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu banƙyama shine Iris Bearded (Daidai a ardedara). Kasancewa da palette mai wadataccen launuka da tabarau, rarrabu cikin rukuni gwargwadon lokacin fure da tsayi, ya zama ba wai kawai adon lambuna bane, amma girman kai ne ga masu tarin yawa. Zabinsa yana da tarihi mai wadatar gaske kuma yana da dubunnan nau'ikan da aka yi wa rijista kuma ba a san adadin fannoni ba. Amma, duk da ire-iren iri, aikin kiwo ba ya tsayawa, watakila saboda ƙetarawar iris wani lokacin yana ba da sakamako mai ban mamaki kuma ba a la'akari da shi da wuya.
Short gashin gemu mai suna “Enchanted Mocha” (Iris 'Enchanted Mocha'). H Eric HuntTsarin gemu na Iris
Gemu na Iris yana da asalin hadaddun tushen asalin. Kakanninta daban-daban ne na halitta: iris na Jamus, dwarf iris, Trojan iris, Cypriot iris, paleris iris, da dai sauransu. Abin da ya sa ke da siffofin da yawa iri-iri. Kuma shine dalilin wannan har yanzu bashi da ɗayan, rarrabuwa a duniya.
Mafi sauƙin rarrabuwa game da gemu na gishirin shine rabuwa ta tsayi. Rukunin tsire-tsire masu ƙyalƙyali ya haɗa da tsayin sama da cm 40 kawai. ofungiyar tsirrai masu matsakaici sun haɗa da cm 70. Duk nau'ikan da suka wuce 70 cm ana ɗaukar tsayi.
A wannan yanayin, dwarf irises sun kasu kashi biyu, tare da farfajiyar har zuwa 20 cm tsayi da kuma fure daya zuwa uku akansa, sannan kuma ingantattun ladubban da ke da tsayin daka daga 21 zuwa 40 cm da furanni biyu zuwa hudu.
Iris gemu “Gypsy Romance” (Iris 'Gypsy Romance'). © NYBGMatsakaitan gemu na matsakaiciyar matsakaici ya kasu zuwa fure 4 (IB - gemu na tsaka-tsaka), waɗanda suke da fure sama da 6 akan tsintsiya ɗaya (BB - gemun gemu), da kuma abin da ake kira ƙaramin (MTB - aturean ƙarami mai tsayi).
Ba a rarrabu babban ƙungiya zuwa ɓangarorin ƙungiya ba.
Dangane da rarrabuwa da Irisungiyar Irisungiyar Iris Iris (ROI) ta gabatar, an yanke gemu gwanayen (Daidai a ƙware):
- Babbar Gemu (TV - Tall Bearded);
- Babbar Matsakaicin Gemu (SMB - Medaunin Tsarin Tsarin Gefen Mediya);
- Ardedan ƙaramin Tsarin Medaɗaɗɗan Gano (SFMB - -anƙan Gashi Mai Tsarin Tsayi);
- Binder Matsakaici Mai Basa (IMB - Matsakaicin Matsakaitan Matsayi);
- Babbar Kamfanin Dwarf Beard (SDB - Standard Dwarf Bearder);
- Aturearamin Dwarf Beard (MDB - atureanƙan Dwarf Bearder);
- Non-aryl-kamar Arylberds ((-) AB - Non-Aril - kamar Arilbreds);
- Aryls da Aryl-kamar Arylberds (AR & (+) AB) (Arilb da Arilbreds)
Ta hanyar fure, gemu kamar haka:
- da wuri (V - sosai da wuri)
- da wuri (E - da wuri),
- matsakaici da wuri (ME - matsakaici -),,
- matsakaici marigayi (ML - mid-late),
- latti (L - marigayi),
- latti (VL - latti).
Akwai nau'ikan launuka tare da maimaita (guda biyu ko fiye) fure - remontant (Re - Rebloomers), amma a cikin yanayin yawancin bangarorin yanayin mu, rashin alheri, basu bayyana suna da remontance a cikin mafi yawan lokuta ba, saboda haka kusan babu bayanan su.
Tsarin gemu na IrisHakanan ana iya raba Irises da girman furen:
- tare da kananan furanni
- tare da matsakaici
- tare da manyan
- tare da manya-manyan.
Akwai rarrabuwa don ƙazantar launi da ka'idoji:
- launuka masu launi iri (kai) - sun bambanta da canza launi iri daya na dukkan wanin da ya bushe;
- sautin jiki biyu (bitone) - suna da inuwa biyu na launi iri ɗaya, a ɗayansu wanda aka fentin lobes na sama, a ɗayan - ƙananan ƙananan;
- launuka biyu (bicolor) - dauke da launuka biyu daban-daban.
Daga cikin na ƙarshen, an rarrabe ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa:
- amena (amoena) - tare da fararen fure na fure;
- variegate (variegate) - tare da rawaya babba da duhu mai duhu;
- plikata (plicata) - tare da anthocyanin (daga ruwan hoda-lilac zuwa violet mai duhu) tare da hasken farfaɗar ruɓawar tsakar gida;
- luminata (luminata) - tare da sashin da ba a shafa ba a kusa da gemu akan asalin anthocyanin na lobes;
- plicate-luminate ko zato-plicate (plicata + luminata) - haɗakar alamomin plicate da luminate;
- glaciate - pastel tabarau ba tare da abubuwan anthocyanin ba;
- iridescent (cakuda) - tare da canzawa mai motsi daga launi ɗaya zuwa wani;
- juzu'i - ƙa'idoji sun fi duhu duhu;
- tare da "fashe" launi (karye launuka) - tare da launuka masu rarrabawa tsakanin launuka a sarari.
Zabi na gemu Iris
Godiya ga ƙaunar da mutane suke wa wannan kyakkyawan zamani, ana haihuwar sama da ɗari sabbin nau'ikann kowace shekara. Groupungiyoyin da suka fi cike gurza, kuma mafi mashahuri, sune eswararren Iriswararran Bewararru. Hanyoyi iri-iri na furanni, haɗuwa da launuka kawai abin ban mamaki ne. Amma, duk da wannan, masu shayarwa suna ci gaba da aiki, suna mamakin duniya da sabbin nasarorin da suka samu.
Yadda za a samar da sabon iri-iri?
Don fito da sabon iri-iri na gwoza Iris a karkashin karfi na ko da novice mai son lambu. Wannan yana buƙatar ɗan haƙuri, wasu ilimi da ƙaddara.
Abu na farko da za a fara aiki kan zaɓi shi ne nazarin tsarin furen.
Tsarin fure na gemu. 1 - petals na ciki (babba) (perianth lobes), ƙa'idodi; 2 - kwalliyar nadalrex; 3 - stigma; 4 - bakin ciki; 5 - gemu; 6 - petals na waje (ƙananan) (perianth lobes), fouls; 7 - ovary; 8 - takardar takarda suttura. © fure-zemljaPerianth lobes - abin da ake kira "petals" na furen iris. Daga cikin su, ana bambanta lobes na waje - fouls (ƙananan filayen fure) da na ciki - waɗanda aka ƙera su (manyan petals). Gemu wani yanki ne mai santsi mai cike da farin gashi wanda ke gudana a saman mafitsara. Kwaro - yana da ruwan wukake uku da crest epigastric Crest. Stamens - wanda aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi da pestle.
Rashin daidaituwa
Idan komai ya bayyana sarai tare da tsarin furen, zaka iya fara hayewa.
Mataki na 1 - Shiri
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara: menene zaku ƙetare. Yi wa mahaifiyar shuka (wanda za a yi pollin) da tsire-tsire na mahaifin (daga abin da za a ɗauki pollen). (Zai fi kyau sanya lakabin tare da lakabin a ƙarƙashin gidan kwai don kada ya ɓace bayan fure ya bushe.)
Abin takaici, kuma yana iya zama da sa'a, kusan ba zai yiwu a iya faɗi sakamakon ba a gaba, amma a kowane hali, don kiwo ya zama dole don ɗaukar samfurori mafi kyawu tare da alamun ban sha'awa da aka nuna.
Gabaɗaya, mai shayarwa yakamata ya zama mai sha'awar sifar furen, launinta, yawan adadin kuzari, lokaci da tsawon lokacin fure, yanayin saka iri, da ofarfin nau'in girki. Mai son fara'a yana da matukar sha'awar ainihin gaskiyar ƙetarewa, sabili da haka zaku iya farawa tare da mai sauƙi - ƙoƙarin samun launuka da ƙa'idodi masu launi iri ɗaya, ko haɗuwa da haɓaka tsayi da dwarf don samun canji ko tsari mai tsakiyar tsari.
Idan ana shirin ci gaba da kiwo, zai fi kyau a fara wani ɗan takarda dabam kuma a rubuta jerin giciye da seedlingsan itacen da aka zaɓa don ƙarin gwaje-gwaje, sanya musu lambobi da ƙirar harafi waɗanda ke yin la’akari da shekarar tsallake, lamba biyu, lambar seedling.
Iris da gemun gyada Little Annie (Iris 'Little Annie'). Design Tsarin C&JMataki na 2 - pollination
Da safe, lokacin da tsire-tsire sun riga sun bushe, ko da maraice, tabbatar da cewa a hankali a yanke takalmin tare da almakashi daga ƙangin mahaifin bushe a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali. Yin amfani da buroshi, a hankali canja wurin pollen zuwa ɓarin asalin mahaifiyar fure.
Bayan 'yan mahimmin matsayi:
Uwar uwa ta shirya don rigayar pollination a ƙarshen farkon ranar farkon fure, lokacin da ƙyamar ta tanƙwara (buɗe) daga gare ta. Da farko dai, matan an haɗu a cikin fure buɗe, kuma kawai sai, bayan 16, ko ma 20 hours, pollen.
A lokacin zafi mai zafi sosai na wannan rana, ƙurar ƙwaya ta bushe kuma baza ta iya ɗaukar pollen ba. Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar a gudanar da pollin a farkon ko a ƙarshen rana, amma yin la’akari da gaskiyar cewa ba za a yi ruwan sama a cikin awowi biyu masu zuwa ba.
Pollen da aka tattara a ranar farko ta fure an dauki mafi mai yiwuwa.
Idan ruɓaɓɓen ƙwayar iris suna lalata, don damar da ta dace da raunin tozartawa, zaku iya karya ƙa'idodi da ɓarna daga gare su.
'Yan kuzari da tsofaffi suna karyewa kuma don kare fure daga kwari daga kwari.
Don haɓaka yawan akwatattun akwatunan, yana da kyau a ba da alamar rashin ƙarfi sau uku, maimakon ɗaya.
Idan pollination ya faru, akwatin zai fara girma; idan ba haka ba, furen zai bushe kuma ya faɗi.
A cikin yanayin lokacin da mahaifiyar shuka don wasu dalilai ba a shirye don pollination ko ba a kusa da mahaifin, ana iya adanar anther har zuwa lokacin da ya dace a cikin akwati gilashi, a zazzabi a ɗakin. Amma zaka iya adana shi sama da kwana takwas.
Short gashin gemu. Ie Marcie Sullivan DietrichMataki na 3 - iri mai ɗorewa
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar jira don kwalaye masu ɗorawa (kimanin watanni biyu). Ya kamata su juya rawaya kore. Amma bai kamata ku wuce su gaba daya a kan shuka ba, domin idan kwalaye sun fashe, tsaba zai yi toka. Bugu da kari, an lura da cewa tsaba da aka tara daga unripe bolls tsiro mafi kyau.
A cikin akwati ɗaya, ana iya kasancewa daga ɗaya zuwa 60 na tsaba, idan sun kasance dogo mai kauri ne, kuma nau'in dwarf - sama da 100. Da farko suna da laushi mai laushi mai launin ruwan-zuma, amma lokacin da suka bushe, suna jujjuyawa da raguwa da rabi
Mataki na 4 - Shuka tsaba
Kuna iya shuka kayan abu ko dai nan da nan bayan girbi, ko kafin hunturu. Yana da kyau a shuka gwargwadon ƙaddarar 10 X 10 cm, zurfafa tsaba zuwa zurfin daidai yake da kusan uku na diamitarsu, amma ba zurfi sama da 1.5 cm ba.
Idan yawan ƙwaya yana da girma, ya fi dacewa a rarraba yankin zuwa gadaje huɗu da ke da nisa tsakanin layuka na 30 cm kuma tsakanin ofafin 20-25 cm. soilasa don tsire-tsire ya zama ruwa-mai numfashi, ba acidic.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi mara kyau, ana iya shuka tsiran kuzari ta hanyar shuka. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a sanya ciyawar da ta bushe a cikin jaka-kwantattun abubuwa kuma a adana har sai watan Fabrairu. A watan Fabrairu, shuka su cikin baka, a cikin tsaftataccen ƙasar. A ƙasan tukwane, don adana danshi, zaku iya sanya ƙaramin adadin hydrogel.
Don haɓaka tsaba don shuka, kuna buƙatar riƙe su a cikin sanyi na ɗan lokaci. Don yin wannan, rufe kwandon tare da tsire-tsire tare da fim kuma aika shi zuwa wuri mai sanyi don shekara ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu, tare da zazzabi kusan + 2 ... 5 ° C, alal misali, a cikin firiji. Sai suka saka kan dumi, lit-taga taga sill, har ma mafi kyau a mini-greenhouse da kuma jira seedlings. Lokacin dumama, ana shuka seedlings a kan titi.
Doka mai mahimmanci
Domin tsaba su shuka cikin nasara, ƙasa a cikin tukwane ko kan gado dole ne ko da yaushe danshi. Bushewa har ma da rana daya sosai dakatar da aiwatar da zuriya. Amma koda kuwa an cika dukkan yanayin, seedlings zai jira akalla makonni takwas, ban da tsaba na hybrids na plikat, waɗanda suka fara farkawa a cikin mako na bakwai bayan shuka. Kuma aiwatar da germination kanta ne musamman m - saboda haka kana bukatar ka yi haƙuri.
Harbe daga gemu Iris da aka shuka tare da tsaba. Ris chrissyboiMataki na 5 - Fulawa
Mataki na karshe shine fure. Amma zai jira. Cikakkun tsire-tsire masu tasowa suna fara yin fure kawai a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku.
Amma koda lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi fure - wannan ba alama ce ba. Wajibi ne a bayar da iris akalla shekaru biyu na fure, saboda kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na fure yana yiwuwa a faɗi: shine sakamakon wani abu mai ban sha'awa ko a'a.
Mataki na 6 - Rajista
Idan cultivar da aka samu na musamman ne, ana iya yin rijista! Dole ne a yi wannan ta hanyar Societyungiyar Ilimin Rasha (ROI). Amma lokacin cika aikace-aikacen, dole ne a cika wani tsari na musamman wanda za'a lura da fannoni daban-daban game da sabon iri, saboda haka ya fi kyau a buga fom ɗin aikace-aikacen gaba, tun kafin fure kuma cika shi a hankali, kuma ba daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba.
Iris da gemu “Abbey Chant” (Iris 'Abbey Chant'). Nts Tsirrai na MetcalfeAbubuwan ban sha'awa
Ana gudanar da bukukuwa, gasa ta duniya da kuma nune-nune na iris gemu a kowace shekara a cikin kasashe daban-daban. Mafi tsufa daga cikinsu gasa ce wacce aka gudanar a garin Florence, wacce ake kira "Concorso Internazionale dell'Iris", wacce ta fara daga 1957.
Kowace kakar, Australiya, Amurka da United Kingdom suna ba da mafi kyawu a cikin aji ta sabon gemu iri-iri tare da kyauta ta musamman - lambar yabo ta Dykes, wacce a cikin murhun Rasha kamar Dykes Medal. An gabatar da gabatarwa tun 1927.
Yawancin nau'ikan wake na giyar gwari ana bred a cikin Amurka (asusun Amurka na fiye da rabin gonar da aka yiwa rijista), Rasha tana ɗaukar matsayi na biyu a cikin ayyukan zaɓi, sannan Austria da Faransa.
Akwai nau'ikan wake na firam dubu 30 a cikin duniya, amma babu ɗayansu da ke da launin baƙi, ja ko shuɗi mai haske.
Daya daga cikin sabbin nasarorin da masu shayarwa ke samu shine rukunin kungiyoyi wadanda ake kira da "sararin samaniya" kungiyar (SA - Space Agers). Bambancinsu ya ta'allaka ne da irin kwayar gemu, wadda aka fito da ita ta hanyar fure - petaloid (flounce), cokali (cokali) ko Kakaki (Kakakin).
