Dace da kuma ingantaccen tsarin dasaleas na lambun a buɗe

Kamar wata shekarun da suka gabata, an dauki alkalin azalea a matsayin fure ko kayan lambu, amma tuni a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, masu lambu a cikin ƙasar sun fara shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. Blooming daji azalea ba a haɗa shi - an rufe rassan da yawa tare da m buds mai sauƙi ko kuma nau'in terry da launuka daban-daban.

Daga ina daji ciyawa yake fitowa?

Baya ga fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya, shunayya, ja ko launi mai launi, akwai ire-irensu da wadatattun launuka masu launi, waɗanda ke ba da tsire-tsire har ma da kayan ado. Lush fure cikin yarda da ka'idodin fasahar fasahar noma yana tsawon makonni 3 zuwa 10.

Tushen nau'ikan matasan da za su iya jure wa matsakaicin matsakaicin tsiri na tsiri na tsakiyar Rasha a cikin ƙasa buɗe shine Jafananci, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin shuka na ƙasa a cikin mahaifarta. Kakannin ire-iren shinkafa suna da 'azaleas Indiya masu zafi-zafi.

Zaɓin wuri: buɗe ƙasa a cikin gari da sauran yankuna

Dasa seedling yana farawa tare da zaɓi na wurin da ya dace a gonar. Ga wadanda ke da sha'awar dasa shuki a cikin gari, babu bambance-bambance na asali. Azalea ba zai yi girma a cikin wani yanki da aka zaɓa ba.

Zaɓin wuri ya dogara da yanki ba kamar na microclimate ba

Lokacin canja wurin seedlings don buɗe ƙasa dole ne a lura da yawa yanayi:

Ana buƙatar babban adadin haske ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. In ba haka ba, da girma daji zai fara sauke buds, da lokacin fure za a rage muhimmanci, kuma ganye zai wrinkle.
Ana ba da shawarar jinsunan Evergreen a wuraren da suke da haske ko kuma inuwa mai kyau.
Varietiesaukacin nau'ikan tsiro suna da kyau a wurare masu haske a ƙarƙashin manyan bishiyoyi, idan har tushen tsire-tsire ba sa tsoma baki da juna. Sahabbai sun fi dacewa yews, thuja, spruce, oaks, larch. Alder, poplar, da maple ba su dace da unguwa ba - tsarin tushen danshi suna ɗaukar danshi da abinci.
Lokacin sauka daga kusa da gine-gine, kowane bangare ban da kudu zai yi.

Zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga yankunan da ke da yanayin ɗakin kwana, inda a lokacin bazara ruwan ba ya tsayawa bayan dusar ƙanƙara.

Yana buƙatar kariya daga iska mai ban tsoro da iska, ba za a iya dasa su a kusurwar ginin da kuma tsakanin ginin ba.
Daidai kusa da kandami na halitta ko na wucin gadi - iska mai laushi zata tsawanta fure Kuma barin ɗanyun ganye sabo ne.

Lokacin da ake shuka azaleas na lambu don haɓaka al'ada, yawan zafin jiki na iska a lokacin girma ya zama + 20 + 25 ° С - kusan dukkanin yankuna na tsakiyar Rasha sun dace da waɗannan yanayin. A cikin hunturu, nau'in lambun sun iya yin tsayayya don sanyaya zuwa -27 ° C, tare da ƙarin tsananin sanyi, inji zai mutu.

Yankin sanyi mai sanyi da aka yi kama da arewacin Rasha suna da matsala ga daji

Mafi yawan kayan kwalliyar ado na saukowa. Lokacin da ku ke cikin gonar, kada ku dasa shuki mai ban tsoro da nau'in jinsunan da ke kusa, don nau'ikan tsayi suna ɗaukar tsakiyar shafin, ba su da girman kai - gefen kusa.

Zaɓi tsire-tsire gwargwadon launi na fure: mafi kyawun haɗuwa shine rawaya tare da lemo, ruwan hoda tare da fari, ruwan hoda da shunayya, ja tare da fari.

Ilasa da dasa

Azalea za ta yi girma ne kawai a kan ƙasa mai kwance da kuma acidic ƙasa, a cikin yashi, peat da coniferous ƙasa suna nan. Kasa acidity wajibi ne a koyaushe kiyaye a 4.0-4.5. Don dasa shuki, farkon bazara ya dace kafin farkon motsi na ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko farkon kaka - daji zai sami lokaci don ɗauka a cikin sabon wuri kafin lokacin sanyi ya fara kuma zai iya jure yanayin sanyi na yau da kullun.

Aikin azaleas suna da tsarin tushen na sama, saboda haka basa buƙatar rami mai zurfin rami. Koyaya, dasa shuki yana da wasu abubuwan:

Tona rami na saukarwa 0.5 m zurfi da 0.6-0.7 m a diamita.
A kasan ramin ya shimfiɗa rufin magudanar ruwa na 15-20 cm daga yashi, yumɓu da yumɓu da tubalin da aka fashe - zai acidify ƙasa. Kayan siliki (duwatsun dutse, dutsen) ba a son amfani da su, in ba haka ba alkalin kasar ba makawa ne, wanda azaleas ba zai iya jurewa ba.
Mix ƙasa an cire shi daga ramin tare da peat, humus da yashi m don ƙara yawan friability da kuma lalacewar ƙasa.
Zuba ruwan cakuda a kan matattarar magudanar kuma sanya dutsen a kan tudu, yana sarrafa matakin tushen wuya - bayan dasawa, ya kamata ya zama dan kadan ya fi matakin ƙasa.
Cika tushen ball a hankali tare da ƙasa, rago ƙasa a kusa da seedling, ƙara ƙasa da ruwa idan ya cancanta.
Ciya ciyawa a kusa da daji tare da gansakuka, peat, Pine needles ko yankakken haushi - ciyawa zata hana ci gaba da ciyawar kuma ya kiyaye danshi mai bada rai a cikin kasar.

Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena duk lokacin rani, lokacin cirewa daga kwandon, kada a jefa ƙasa daga tushen. Ya kamata a shayar da lingsanyen da aka sayo a cikin wuraren ɗorewa ko cibiyoyin lambun kafin a dasa.

An sosai shawarar zuwa ruwa da alheri da shuka sayi a cikin gandun daji

Zaku iya rusa tushen kwallon a cikin ruwa na dan lokaci, har sai kumburin iska ya gushe yana bayyana daga ruwa.

Sayi seedlings a cikin babban akwati, girman wanda ya dace da jimlar girman shuka - a cikin ƙananan kwantena, Tushen ba su inganta sosai.

Lokacin sayen, saka halaye na agrotechnical kuma bincika yiwuwar daji: rassan dole ne na roba, lafiya da ƙarfi. Marasa lafiya da rauni seedling ba zai yi nasara ba.

Mulching da kayan miya

Don mulching da bushes, crushed Pine haushi, faduwa needles, steamed sawdust, karafa lãka, peat ko itace foliage (sai chestnut da Maple) ana amfani.

Mulching yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa, yana hana ciyayi girma, yana kare tushen danshi daga zafi a lokacin bazara kuma daga daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Lokacin mulching, tushen wuya ya zama kyauta.

Ba tare da ciyarwa ba, babu wadataccen fure, kuma don haɓaka al'ada na azalea bukatar karin abinci. Yakamata a sanya riguna da yawa a lokacin bazara:

A cikin bazara yin maganin mullein (humus) a cikin rabo na 1:10.
A lokacin toho, ana ciyar da abinci tare da mullein na biyu tare da Bugu da kari na takin gargajiya-potassium.
Lokacin da buds na ƙarshe suka fadi, aiwatar da miya ta uku tare da phosphorus da potassium a cikin rabo na 1: 2.
Ana amfani da suturar sama da nisan 0.2-0.3 m daga tsakiyar daji.

Lokacin amfani da takaddun takaddun ƙwayar cuta, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa basu ƙunshi chlorine da lemun tsami. Hakanan, baza ku iya amfani da ash na itace ba - yana canza acidity na ƙasa, yana rage shi.

Watering, weeding da spraying

Watering azaleas a ko'ina cikin lokacin rani ya zama yalwatacce. Slightlyasasshen ƙasa mai ɗanɗan alamar alama ce ga moistening na gaba. Ruwa da shuka tare da ruwan sama ko ruwa mai tsafta, yana ƙara citric acid (1 tsp. Zuwa 2 na ruwa) sau ɗaya a wata zuwa ban ruwa na ruwa - yana ƙara acidity na ƙasa.

Kamar yadda yake tare da kowane tsiro, yana da kyau a yi la’akari da yanayin lokacin da ake ciyar da daji

Tare da farkon kaka, an rage yawan ruwa don kada ya tsokani da haɓakar sabbin harbe da ba su da lokacin girma da daskarewa kafin hunturu. Kafin hunturu ya fara, ana shayar da shuka sosai - ban ruwa na ruwa zai ba da izinin daskarewa tare da asarar ƙarancin.

Baya ga shayarwa, azalea na son fesawa - iska mai laushi ya fi dacewa da tsirrai masu ado kuma kayan talla ne ga kwari. Koyaya, yayin fure, dole ne a watsar da wannan hanyar, in ba haka ba za a samar da aibobi a kan furanni waɗanda ke lalata bayyanar shuka.

Kada ka manta game da weeding - don duk lokacin girma kana buƙatar sako sako shafin sau da yawa. Wannan kawai dole ne a yi a hankali don kada a lalata tushen tushen azalea.

Juyawa

Dasawa ne da za'ayi a kan wannan manufa a matsayin saukowa. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine farkon bazara. Bayar cewa azalea dauke da wani moody shukaAn bada shawara don zaɓar ranar da ta dace don dasawa a kalandar rana.

Dole ne a kiyaye zurfin saukowa a matakin.

A kewayen daji da aka dasa shi, ana bada shawara don yin daskararre na gansakuka ko ƙasa, zai taimaka riƙe dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu da kuma kare tushen daga sanyi.

Mai jan tsami

Trimming bushes ne da za'ayi a matakai uku:

A cikin bazara, ana yin tsabtace tsabtace ruwa, yankan yanke ciyawa da bushewa. Sauran harbe ba su taɓa - sun dage farawa daga fure tun kaka.
A lokacin fure a kai a kai an cire furanni wilted.
Bayan na ƙarshe alkawura sun yi birgima, ana yin forming - an cire ciyawar bushewar fure, an yanke harbe da ya yi tsayi da yawa, an yanke rassan da suka kakkaɗa daji.

Sauran harbe suna gajarta ba fãce 1/3 daga cikin jimlar tsawon - shekara mai zuwa da azalea za reshe kuma dauki nau'i na lush da yalwar fure shuka.

A lokacin da ake yin sare daji, a lura cewa ire-iren irin kayan dogaro sun dogara ne da kakar

Tare da kowane irin kayan kwalliya, wuraren an yanka shi da kayan ado na lambun ko kowane fenti bisa man bushewa. Ana aiwatar da aikin a cikin safofin hannu masu kariya ga kauce wa cutar fata - ruwan 'ya'yan itacen shuka mai guba.

Azalea yana nufin nau'in tsiro a hankali yana girma har ya kai shekaru 3-4. Sabili da haka, matasa bushes ba su samar, amma kawai gudanar da tsabtace pruning.

Cutar da kwari

Aikin lambu na iya fama da cututtukan fungal da kwari. Daga cikin cututtukan, tsatsa, tabin ganye, rot ne mafi yawancin. A cikin yaƙar cututtuka, feshi tare da fungicides ko sulfate na jan karfe yana da tasiri.

A matsayin prophylaxis na cututtuka, ana bada shawara don kula da bushes a kalla sau ɗaya a kakar kafin fure tare da Oxychom ko bayan fure tare da maganin Fundazole.

M kwari
Aphids	Zasu zo su taimaka maganin kashe kwari - taimaka kawar da kwari da ke hana ruwa ci gaba da kuma bunkasa tsirrai
Baƙar fata
Spider mite
Mealybug
Farar fata

Ganyayyaki mai haske a kan zauren bushes, launin da ya zama mai launin toka tsawon lokaci, yana nuna cutar halayyar - ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta mai ƙwaƙwalwa. Ana magance ta ta hanyar samar da mafita a gandun daji don taimakawa haɓaka acid na ƙasa:

tebur ko apple vinegar - 100 ml na lita 10 na ruwa;
citric ko oxalic acid - 2 tbsp. l akan 10 l na ruwa.

Don sha 1 square. m 10 l na bayani za a buƙaci. Peat (1.5 kilogiram a 1 sq M) ya dace azaman acidifi na ƙasa.

Rashin fure

Sau da yawa lambu suna fuskantar gaskiyar cewa gonar azalea baya fure. Akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan:

alkaline ko ƙasa tsaka tsaki;
rashin hasken da ya bazu;
rashin ruwa danshi;
babban iska mai zafi;
isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ko, bi da bi, akai-akai da yalwa da miya.

Idan duk biyan bukatun dasawa da kula da shuka, zaiyi farin ciki da lush da fure mai tsayi.

Sake buguwa: titin Azalea na girma daga ƙwayau bawai kawai ba

Propagate lambu azalea tsaba, cuttings, layering da rabo daga daji.

Zaɓin hanyar kiwo ya dogara da sauri kake son samun sakamakon

Hanya mafi sauki ita ce jingina da gefen gefe, gyara shi da waya, yayyafa shi da qasa kuma a sha shi akai-akai. A tsawon lokaci, zai ɗauki tushe, kuma bazara mai zuwa matasa daji za a iya rabu da uwa shuka.

Rarrabe bushes tare da jijiya kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace ya fara. Tare da taimakon abu mai kaifi (scapula, spatula), an raba wani ɓangaren daji kuma a watsa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri. A lokaci guda, uwar daji ya kamata ta sami kyakkyawan tushen tsarin da harbe da yawa masu lafiya.

Yaduwa da itace yana ɗaukar daga watanni 1.5 zuwa 4 daga lokacin yanke yankan zuwa tushen su. Don cimma sakamakon, kuna buƙatar bin shawarar kwararrun lambu:

Yanke apical cuttings 10 cm tsayi m ganye cirebarin 2-3 lafiya ganye.
Yanka da bi da tare da girma stimulator. Yanke yanka 2-3 cm a cikin tukwane mutum ko kofuna waɗanda cike da peat da yashi. Danshi kasar gona.
Rufe kofuna da gilashin filastik tare da guntun ƙasa don yin karamin-greenhouses. Mako guda bayan dasa shuki, fara iska ta yau da kullun kwance murfin ko cire ɗakuna na minti 10-15.

Irƙira ƙananan ɗakunan katako na taimaka wa kula da yawan zafin jiki da ya dace.

Don tushen nasara, kula da yawan zafin jiki na + 20 + 24 ° С da ruwa kamar yadda ya cancanta, ba tare da mantawa ba da zazzage ruwa mai yawa daga kwari.
Bayan tushen, dasa shuki a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa mai acidic.
Bayan shekara daya, sauke a kan dindindin wuri a cikin lambu.

Yaduwa da itace shine matsala mai wahala kuma tsayi, amma yana da fa'ida. Idan maƙwabta a cikin ƙasa sun yanke itace daga bushes, nan da nan za ku ga wane tsirrai masu fure a cikin lambun ku a cikin shekaru 3-4.

'Yan lambu ba su amfani da hanyar yaduwar iri-iri - tare da wannan hanyar haifuwa, zaku jira lokaci mai tsawo na farkon fure.

Fansan wasan da ke girma daga tsirrai daga ƙwaya na iya ƙoƙarin kumburin su a cikin kullun iska mai laushi ta hanyar kallo don canza danshi.

Ana shirin yin hunturu da kulawar bazara

A buds na shekara mai zuwa ana dage farawa a cikin fall. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lokacin hunturu don adana shuka da kuma taimaka shi tsira daga daskararru.

Duk da in mun gwada da kyau hunturu hardiness da yawa iri, shi ne mafi abin dogara rufe da daji domin hunturu domin a tabbatar da cewa fure buds, matasa da rassa na waje ana kiyaye lafiya:

Bayan ban ruwa mai saukarwa-ruwa, ƙasa ƙarƙashin bushes yana mulched da kauri daga 5-10 cm. A ƙarƙashin azaleas mai tsayi, ana iya ƙara yawan ciyawa zuwa 30 cm.
Rassan na iri iri masu ƙyalƙyali suna ƙwanƙwasawa ƙasa waya daura. Suna yin tsari mai fa'idodi da yawa daga kwali mai santsi, sutura kayan da cinya.

Lokacin da kake shirya kariyar hunturu, polyethylene da sauran kayan iska ba su amfani, in ba haka ba tozartar da harbe zasu yi kama da juji.

Don nau'in kullun, ana yin firam ba da farko ba, wanda aka sanya a gaban filaye na ƙasa, an cire kayan sutura akan firam kawai tare da farkon yanayin sanyi.

Karka yi amfani da kayan da basa barin iska ta wuce, in ba haka ba daji zai lalace

Firam ɗin an rufe shi da kayan abu mai dorewa ko kayan rufi saboda a tsakanin ganuwar mafaka da daji akwai tazara ta 20-25 cm Don cire danshi ƙarƙashin tsarin tari m tiyo, dayan ƙarshen wanda aka kawo.

Tare da farko na kwanakin bazara na farko, kada ku yi hanzarin buɗe azalea bushes, kuna buƙatar jira cikakke murfin dusar ƙanƙara a shafin. Shuke-shuke da aka yayen a lokacin hunturu daga hasken rana ya zama sannu a hankali sun saba da haskoki, a buɗe su a takaice da safe kuma a hankali suna ƙara lokaci.

Tsire-tsire suna yin haƙuri da hunturu dabam kuma suna buƙatar da za a dafa su daidai. Misali, akwai hanya don shirya gloxinia don hunturu da lokacin hutawa.

Karo na farko shine mafi kyau don buɗe bushes a ranar girgije.

Azalea tsire-tsire ne na titin titi. Tana buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi wanda za ta ji daɗi. A cikin mayar da martani, daji zai gode wa adadi mai yawa na furanni, da ke da daɗewa. Tare da dasa na lokaci daya da dama iri na azaleas tare da lokutan furanni daban-daban, zaku iya jin daɗin tashin tariyar launuka a duk lokacin bazara.