Malva (Malva) - tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai fure, wanda aka fi sani da suna mallow ko Kalachik. Daga cikin nau'ikan tsiro iri-iri na wannan fure akwai samfurori shekara-shekara, biennial da perenni, da yawa daga cikinsu ana iya samunsu a cikin yankuna masu tsafin yanayi na lokaci guda daya a Turai, Asiya, Amurka da Afirka. Yawancin nau'in al'adun gargajiyar sune mallow "Sudan", "Wrinkled", "Annual", "Musk", "Hybrid".
Bayanin Mallow Flower
A cikin ƙasarmu, mafi mashahuri da shahararrun nau'in sune mallow "Forest". Abubuwan dabam dabam na wannan nau'in suna daure mai tsayi madaidaiciya (tare da sakin layi na hankali) daga 30 zuwa 120 santimita, ganyayyaki masu kamannin zuciya da keɓaɓɓen nau'in furanni da furanni masu kararrawa tare da diamita fiye da santimita 12 na launuka masu launin shuɗi. An gabatar da tushen tushen ta hanyar tsayi, tsararren tushe wanda ke zurfi cikin ƙasa. Lokacin furanni yana tsawon lokacin bazara, bayan wannan 'ya'yan itaciyar sun girma akan tsire-tsire tare da yawan tsaba, waɗanda ke da haɓaka mai girma na shekaru 2-3 bayan girbi. Abubuwan halaye na mutum na mallow sun haɗa da unpretentiousness a cikin namo da kulawa, juriya ga sanyi da fari.
Girma mallow daga tsaba
Yaushe shuka mallow
Farkon lokacin fure ya dogara da lokacin dasa shuki. Zaka iya shuka iri a kai tsaye, amma zaka iya shuka. A cikin hanyar farko, ana shuka tsaba a cikin rabin Mayu na biyu. A tsawon lokacin bazara, seedlings zasu yi ƙarfi da ƙarfi, su samar da ganyayen ganye, amma ba zasu sami lokacin yin fure ba. Tare da furanni masu haske - karrarawa, mallow zaiyi murna kawai a kakar mai zuwa.
Seedlings za su iya ba da farkon fure a cikin watanni bazara mai zuwa. Dole ne a shuka tsaba a watan Janairu ko Fabrairu. Hanya ta biyu ita ce mafi aminci kuma mai tasiri ga nau'ikan mallow - na shekara-shekara, biennial da perennial. Tsaba na annuals bada shawarar da za a shuka a cikin Janairu, kuma transplanting zuwa m wuri ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen Mayu. A wannan yanayin, mallow zai yi fure a kusa da tsakiyar watan Yuli. Sauran nau'in sun fi dacewa don yin shuka kawai a ƙarshen bazara, kuma sun sake maye gurbin - a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon faɗuwar rana.
Tsarin iri
Ana iya siyan tsaba a wani kantin sayar da kayan gargajiya ko kuma a yi amfani da shi da kansa. Shekarun tsaba bai wuce shekara biyu ba. A cikin shekara ta uku bayan girbi, tsaba suna nuna mafi girman ƙarfinsu na germination. Kafin dasawa, suna cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na kimanin digiri arba'in da biyar na awowi goma sha biyu. Irin wannan hanya mai ruwa-ruwa zai yi laushi da kwasfa mai zurfi daga cikin zuriyar kuma zai hanzarta shuka.
Mallow seedlings
Mallow seedlings an fi girma a cikin tukwane peat. Wannan ya zama dole don kula da amincin ƙananan Tushen shuka yayin dasawa da gaba.
Yanayin yanayin zafin da ba'a dace dashi don shuka iri ba - digiri 18-22. Tare da wannan abun ciki, bayyanar taro na 'yan seedlings zai faru a cikin kwanaki 10-15. Lokacin girma tsaba a cikin akwatin dasa gama gari, matasa tsire-tsire zasu buƙaci nutsar lokacin da ganye na uku ya bayyana. Bayan thinning tsakanin saukake, ya kamata a kula da tazarar kusan santimita uku.
An bada shawara don taurara mai girma da ƙarfi seedlings kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin mako guda. Don yin wannan, ana fitar da shi kullun zuwa iska mai tsayi don awanni 4-5. A bude gadaje na fure, ana iya dasa seedlings tare da tukwane na peat a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
Mallow dasa
Wurin sauka ya kamata ya kasance a kan tsauni, amma a kiyaye shi daga iska mai kwatsam da iska. Irin wannan rukunin yanar gizon na iya kasancewa a gefen shinge ko shinge, wanda zai yi aiki lokaci guda a matsayin tallafi ga tsirrai. Mallow yana son rana mai buɗewa, kuma a cikin inuwa da inuwa mai launi, launinta na fure zai zama na paler, kuma ci gabanta zai zama ƙasa. Landsarancin ƙasa ba za su yi aiki ba, kamar yadda tsauraran ruwa zai kai ga bayyanar tushen ruɓi. A mallow na son ƙasa da m da na gina jiki.
A cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu, ana shuka seedlings na nau'ikan shekara-shekara a kan wurin dindindin, ana canja perennials da biennials don buɗe ƙasa kawai a ƙarshen lokacin bazara.
Tsaba na nau'ikan shekaru biyu ana shuka su ne akan gadajen furanni a buɗe a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, lokacin da babu barazanar da sanyi mai tsananin sanyi na dare. Zurfin saukowa - 2-3 santimita. A kowane rami na dasa shuki, ana bada shawarar saka 3 tsaba. Nisa tsakanin fati daga 30 zuwa 50 santimita. An yayyafa tsaba tare da ƙasa, ana ɗaura nauyin ruwa tare da shayar.
Idan akwai akalla barazanar yanayin yanayin daskarewa da daddare, to ya kamata a kula da yadda za a tanadi saukarwa da daddare (da, polyethylene). Bayan kimanin makonni 2, seedlings zai bayyana. Lokacin da aka kafa ganye 3-4 a kowane ɗayansu, ana bada shawarar yin thinning. A kowane rami na dasa shuki, ya zama dole don barin shuka guda ɗaya, mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Kulawar Mallow a waje
Pwararren tsari da mara ma'ana mara amfani baya buƙatar kowane hadaddun ko kulawa ta musamman.
Ana gudanar da ruwa a cikin matsakaici na matsakaici, amma a kai a kai. Ana buƙatar su musamman a cikin dogon rashi kuma a cikin bushewar rani. Careasa mai kulawa ta ƙunshi weeding akai-akai da ƙarancin loosening na ƙasa kusa da tsire-tsire.
Ciyar da abinci ana bada shawarar a lokacin kirkirar buds. A wannan lokacin, albarkatun gona suna buƙatar takaddun ma'adinai mai ma'ana tare da abun cikin nitrogen mai yawa.
Garter wajibi ne don jinsin tsayi da nau'ikan, wanda a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da iska mai ƙarfi na iska zai iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi. A matsayin abin dogaro mai goyan baya, shinge na iya yin aiki tare wanda aka dasa shukar ko zaka iya fitar da manyan katako.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da daskararrun furanni da ke cikin tsari da kuma lokaci na yau da kullun, tun da yawan fure da ci gaba da al'adun herbaceous ya dogara da hakan. Trimming flower stalks bayan flowering ne da za'ayi domin tsire-tsire ba su da lokaci don samar da tsaba. Ta wannan hanyar, al'adar shekara-shekara za ta zama tazarar haihuwa.
Shirye-shiryen hunturu
A farkon Satumba, lokacin da lokacin fure ya gama karewa, an yanke ciyawar herbaceous gaba daya zuwa matakin kasar, kuma ana amfani da daskararren mulching saman. Humus ko takin gargajiya ba zai zama ciyawa kawai ba, har ma da ƙarin abinci. Ga kowane murabba'in murabba'in ƙasa, ana buƙatar kilogiram 3-4 na irin wannan takin gargajiya. Duk tsire-tsire na mallow don hunturu ya kamata a rufe shi da bambaro. Fallen ganye ko fir spruce rassan.
Cutar da kwari
Lokacin dasa shuki mallow tare da shinge na kayan haɗin ƙarfe, al'adun na iya zama mai ƙishi. Bayyanar cutar cutar tabo ne akan ganye tare da launin ja mai duhu. Irin waɗannan faranti na buƙatar a cire su cikin gaggawa.
Powdery mildew an lalata da fungicides. An ba da shawarar tattara samfuran siliki da hannu, sa kwantena tare da giya, waɗanda zasu zo su ci abinci.
Warkar da kaddarorin mallow
A cikin magungunan jama'a, mallow ya sami shahara tare da amfanin sa da warkarwa. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana amfani da tinctures da ganye, kayan wanka mai zafi da kuma lotions, compress da kayan adon da suka danganci furanni da ganyayyaki marasa kyau. Dankin yana da tasirin gaske a jiki wajen lura da cututtukan da yawa:
- Rashin hanji da matsaloli tare da tsarin narkewa gaba ɗaya (ana amfani da infusions na ganye da furanni);
- Kumburi daga cikin rauni (steamed sassa na shuka ana amfani da su);
- Colds, tari (maganin ganya, hadaddun kud'i);
- Cututtukan fata, rashes na rashin lafiyan, raunin da ba ya warkarwa (kayan ado, lotions, compress);
- Mayar da epidermis a cikin cosmetology, matakan kariya da suka shafi lafiyar fata na fuska da wuya;
Abun furanni na mallow ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa - bitamin C, sucrose, carotene, har da gamsai, wanda ke taimakawa dawo da fata da warkar da raunuka. Wannan tsire-tsire na magani ba shi da contraindications, sakamako masu illa lokacin amfani da ganye ba a gano su ba. Shayi wanda ya danganta da furanni yana taimakawa wajen cire gamsai daga jiki, yana da tasirin anti-kumburi da ɓoye abubuwa, sannan kuma yana ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki yana bada ƙarfi.
