Gasteria - Wannan nasara ce ta dangin Asphodelov, wanda ƙasarsu ita ce ƙazamar yankin Afirka ta Kudu. Shuka ta karbi wannan sunan mai ban mamaki saboda kumburin peculiar da ke gudana a cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin bututu na perianth. Kalmar Latin "gasltron", ma'ana a cikin fassara kamar tukunyar jirgi-mai karaya, kuma ta sami tushen sunan wannan tsiro.
Coveredarfin mai gajarta na gasteria an rufe shi da ganye mai wuya, wanda zai iya samun jeri biyu da tsari mai yawa. Ganyen yana iya samun nau'i daban, yayin da suke duhu koren launi mai launi daban-daban tare da watsar da wurare daban-daban da rariyoyi waɗanda ke saman ginin falle. Wasu nau'ikan suna da daskararren wuri, amma, m, sun kasance ganye ne mai santsi, daga 3.8 zuwa 25 cm tsayi, yayin da ganyen suna da faɗin iri ɗaya da sikirin da aka nuna. Ganyayyaki na iya samun shimfiɗaɗɗen falle da ɗan ƙaramin abu. Gasteria blooms mamaki sosai da kyau, yayin da farfajiyar zai iya kaiwa tsawon 40 zuwa 70 cm. A cikin tsofaffin tsire-tsire, yana girma bayan kowane layi na ganye. Ana karɓar inflorescences a cikin ƙananan tseren tseren keke, kyawawan inuwar launuka masu launin rawaya, kore ko lemo mai haske. Furanni kansu suna da asali na asali kuma sunyi kama da amphoras, waɗanda ke da kyau a rataye akan gajerun kafafu. Sukan yi fure dabam, daya bayan daya tsawon wata daya.
Kulawar Gasteria a gida
Haske
Gasteria tana haɓaka sosai kuma tana girma a cikin inuwa, amma a lokacin rani tana fifita wuraren da akwai haske mai yawa, amma hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya isa wurin, musamman ma lokacin da ake aiki da hasken rana. A gare ta a wannan lokacin, windows ko gabas sun fi dacewa. Zai iya girma da haɓakawa a kan taga ta arewa, tare da kulawa mai dacewa, amma wanda ake iya shakkar aukuwarsa ya yi fure.
A lokacin rani, idan tayi zafi, za'a iya ɗaukar ta a waje, amma saboda wannan kuna buƙatar nemo wurin da ya dace dashi, inda babu kwarzanawa, hazo da hasken rana. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, dole ne a kasance da iska a cikin dakin da yake.
Kafin farkon lokacin kaka-hunturu, kyakkyawan tsari na wucin gadi ya kamata a shirya domin ta, amma ba lallai bane in za ta iya fure. Don hasken wuta, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da fitilun mai kyalli waɗanda ke nisan mil 30-50cm daga fure. Tsawon lokacin wanka mara nauyi na iya wuce 8 hours. A lokaci guda, ana iya kiyaye Gasteria a ƙarƙashin hasken wutan, ba tare da kunna wutar ba har tsawon awanni 16.
Zazzabi
Gasteria tana jin daɗin yanayin zafi mai tsayi daga + 18-25 ° C. Wannan shine abin da ya shafi lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, kuma a cikin hunturu, lokacin da take da matsala, yanayin zafin jiki na iya kasancewa cikin kewayon + 6-12 ° С. Wannan tsarin zazzabi zai samar da fure mai tsawo da yalwatacce. Idan ba a yiwa Gasteria irin wannan bambance-bambance ba, to babu makawa sai tayi fure. Lokacin da aka sa wannan shuka a cikin hunturu, a sama (sama da + 15 ° С) yanayin zafi, inflorescences na iya bushewa ba tare da barin mafita ba.
Jin zafi
Gasteria baya buƙatar ƙarin matakan don kula da yanayin iska mai mahimmanci da nutsuwa, ba tare da matsaloli ba, yana canja wurin microclimate na gidaje na zamani.
Watse
Daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka, Gasteria yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa. Ana yin wannan idan ƙasa a cikin tukunya ta fara bushewa, yayin da kuna buƙatar hankali da ƙin yarda da yawa, tunda Gasteria yana ɗaukar zafi mai yawa. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana rage ruwa zuwa ƙarami, musamman idan aka kiyaye shi cikin yanayin sanyi (a ƙasa + 12 ° C).
Taki
Wani wuri daga Mayu zuwa Satumbar, lokacin da shuka ke yin haɓaka sosai, tana buƙatar zama lokacin haɗuwa tare da yawan lokuta 1 a cikin makonni biyu. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takaddun takaddun ma'adinai da aka tsara don ciyar da cacti da succulents, yayin da ake amfani da ƙananan taro. Kafin farkon lokacin sanyi, lokacin da lokacin shuka ya fara, ana soke suturun kai.
Gudun ruwa
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, Gasteria na iya yin fure a gida, amma ba ta da fure idan ta kasance akan windows ta arewa. Furanni na iya fitowa a cikin bazara ko lokacin bazara, yayin da suke da kamannin kararrakin elongated na maras tsari, ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi, kusan tsayi cm 2. Waɗannan furanni suna kan dogayen falo, har zuwa mita 1 a girma. A kan wannan farfajiyar furanni zai iya zuwa furanni furanni 50 waɗanda ke faranta wa wasu rai da irin sihirinsu.
Kasar gona
Don juyawa wata shuka, ya kamata a shirya wani abin da ke da iska wanda ke da halayen iska da danshi, tare da dabi'un pH 5.5 5.5-7. Irin wannan cakuda an shirya shi ne daga takardar (sassan 2) na duniya, peat (1 yanki) da yashi (sassan 0) tare da ƙari da buhunan bulo na siffofi daban-daban. Babban Mix don cacti.
Juyawa
Kamar kowane sauran nau'in tsire-tsire na kayan ado na cikin gida, Gasteria yana buƙatar jigilar yau da kullun (bayan shekaru 1-2), wanda aka gudanar a cikin bazara ko bazara. Tsirrai masu ingantacciyar tsire-tsire suna jujjuya su cikin wani tukunya, mafi fadi, yayin rabuwa da yara. A gaban yara, akwai koyaushe damar da sauri don warware batun girma sabon shuka. A lokaci guda, ya kamata ka san cewa gasteria yana haɓaka mafi kyau cikin tukwane masu ƙarfi. Dole ne a sami magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tukunyar.
Kiwo
Gasteria tana haifarwa tare da taimakon tsaba ko kuma rabuwa da yara (gwanayen 'yar mace). Don samun tsaba, kuna buƙatar yin aiki tuƙuru da kuma amfani da yadda ake fitar da furanni na Gasteria. Don yin wannan, girgiza shuka saboda pollen ya zauna a kan tushen furanni, in ba haka ba ana iya ganin tsaba idan kun dogara da kwari iri-iri, waɗanda kusan ba a cikin ɗakin ba ne. Wani wuri a tsakiyar lokacin rani, tsaba suna fara farawa. Idan ba a shirya tarin iri ba, to bayan an gama furanni, za'a iya yanke farjin don kada fure ɗin ya ɓata kuzari a kan shuka iri. Gasteria da Aloe suna da kusanci da juna ba wai kawai a tsari ba, har ma da wadatuwa. Wasu nau'ikan Aloe suna da ikon iya fitar da ƙwayar Gasteria, wanda yasa ya sami damar samun samfuran musamman.
Tun da ƙananan ƙwayoyin Gasteria suna girma a hankali a hankali, sun fi son haifarwa daga yara. Suna yin wannan ko dai a ƙarshen bazara ko kuma a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da matasa masu tsire-tsire ke ƙarfafa ba tare da matsaloli ba.
Bayan dasa, ana shayar da shuka ɗan lokaci fiye da sauran lokutan. A farko, matasa Gasteria suna haɓakawa a hankali, amma riga a cikin shekara ta 2 ko 3 na rayuwa, zai iya yin fure idan kulawa ta kasance daidai.
Cutar da kwari
Tare da kulawa da ta dace da yanayin da ya dace, ƙila ba a sami matsala a cikin girma Gasteria ba. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, matsaloli sun bayyana lokacin da aka keta shawarwarin don girmar sa.
Saboda yawan wuce gona da iri, acidation na kasar gona mai yiwuwa ne, wanda tabbas zai iya haifar da jujjuya tsarin tushen da sauran cututtukan fungal, da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da wuce haddi danshi, ganyayyaki rasa launi da zama ƙasa na roba.
Bayyanar kwalliyar launin ruwan kasa mai laushi a cikin ganyayyakin shuka na nuna alamar cutar ƙwayar cuta ta fure.
Tare da rashin danshi a lokacin rani, launi na ganye yana canzawa a kan ganyen tsiro: sun zama falo, alhali suna da kamannin da ba na ado ba.
Gasteria na iya lalacewa ta hanyar kwari kamar mealybug, kwari masu kwari, aphids, da sauransu.
Iri gidajen cin abinci tare da hotuna da sunaye
Gasteria warty
Wannan itace tarkace mara tushe tare da ganyayyaki da aka tattara a cikin kwandon shara wanda kai tsaye a tsarin tushen, wanda ke da rassa masu yawa. Ganyayyaki na iya yin girma zuwa 20 cm tsayi, nau'i na harshe, wanda aka rufe shi da ƙananan farin warts. A ƙarshen kowane ganyayyaki akwai mawuyacin magana, wanda ke gudana cikin nasara cikin takarda nau'i na harshen.
A cikin sinus na ɗayan babba na ganye, ana kafa inflorescence na tseren tsere tare da tsawo 40 zuwa 80 cm. Furannin kansu ba su da girma, kusan 2-2.5 cm tsayi, kuma girma, kamar dai sun rataye ƙasa. A lokaci guda, suna da tsinkayen silima, wanda ba shi da kumburi mai yawa a gindi, ruwan hoda ko ja, ƙarshen lobes yana da launi mai launin shuɗi.
Gasteria ta gani
Tana da ƙananan sanduna, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, an kwarara tare da santsi, siffar trihedral, ganye, tsawon 16 zuwa 20 cm kuma kusan 4-5 cm faɗaɗɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗa, a saman wanda akwai ƙwarjin katako. A saman ganyayyaki akwai ƙarancin wuraren shimfidar wurare daban-daban tare da tsari mai ɗorewa. Ganyayyaki akan kara suna da tsari biyu, tare da sauyawa zuwa karkace. Bã su da wani m tsarin ko dan kadan convex siffar. An tattara furanni cikin karamin goge kuma suna da murhunan murɗa mai launi mai launin shuɗi tare da iyakar kan iyaka tare da kwane-kwane.
Kasterovaya Gasteria
M succulent mai rauni tare da karkace da aka shirya ganye tare da kaifi ƙwallan kwalliyar a kan underside. Ganyen lanceolate na wannan tsirrai ya kai 12-15 cm tsayi kuma faɗin cm cm 5. A lokaci guda suna da launi mara kyau datti tare da fararen dige waɗanda suke a farfajiya, gefuna da kan keel ɗin wanda zaku iya ganin murfin mara nauyi.
Gasteria kankanta ce
Wannan karamin abu ne maras tushe tare da harbe da yawa da ke fitowa daga gindi. Ganyayyaki na Lanceolate, kore mai duhu a launi, ya yi girma cikin tsayi daga 3.5 zuwa 6 cm kuma suna da farar ƙasa mai launin fari. Soket na iya samun girmansa ya kai 10cm a diamita. Otsan ganye suna girma a gindi daga kanti. Peduncle na iya kaiwa tsayin 30cm. Furanni suna da sifa mai kyau har zuwa 1.5 cm tsayi, kore sama da ruwan hoda a ƙasa.
Sabis-mai siffa Gasteria
Ganyen wannan shukar shuka mai yaɗuwa ya girma daga babban kanti. Arshe, ganye mai yawa na xiphoid, har zuwa 30 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 7 cm faɗi, ƙirar ribbon ce. Fuskokin ganye yana da tushe mai launin shuɗi tare da manyan dige. Furen yana da tsayi har zuwa mita 1, wanda a ciki akwai launuka masu haske, fure mai haske har zuwa 5 cm a tsayi.
Gasteria Armstrong
Kyakkyawan shuka ne mai ƙanƙanuwa, tare da ganyayyaki masu kauri na siffar maras tsari kusan tsawon cm 3. A ƙarshen ganye akwai ƙuraje, daɗaɗɗun ruɗu, saman da aka rufe da ƙananan warts. Rashin daidaituwa na shuka kuma ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa kananan tsire-tsire na farko sun fara yin haɓaka sosai, sannan sannu a hankali suna ɗaukar matsayin kwance a layi ɗaya da suka gabata, ganye. Wannan nau'in Gasteria yana fure sosai da sauri tare da ƙananan furanni, da wuya a kan shinge.
Sautin Gasteria biyu
Takobin herbaceous har zuwa 30 cm tsayi tare da ganye mai siffa harshe yana da haƙarƙari mara kyau. Tsawon irin wannan ganye zai iya kasancewa cikin kewayon 15-20 cm, kuma faɗin su 4-5 cm. Ganyayyaki suna da madaidaiciya amma shugabanci. Launin ganyen yana da duhu kore, yayin da ganyen suna da fararen faffadar shimfidar wuri a ɓangarorin biyu na ganye. Wannan nau'in yana da kayan ci gaba na ganye na ganye sama da sauran nau'in.
Gasteria soddy
Wannan wata hanya ce maras tushe wacce take da ganyayyaki waɗanda ke cikin layuka masu juzu'i, tsawonta 10-14 cm kuma har zuwa faɗin cm cm 2. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi ne cikin launi, ɗan ƙaramin yanayi a fuska kuma suna da filayen launin shuɗi-kore da suka watsu ko'ina cikin ƙasa. Wannan nau'in Gasteria yana fure tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda, kusan 2 cm a ciki.
Gasteria yana da kyau
Itace ba shi da tushe, yayin da ake kafa ganyayyaki a babban waje kuma suna da siffar xiphoid. Tsawon ganye zai iya kaiwa cm 30 tare da faɗin of 7 cm. Furen yana samar da farfajiya mai tsayin mita 1, wanda yana da rauni mai kyau. Furanni suna bayyana akan farfajiyar, ja mai haske a launi da mai lankwasa.
Gasteria marmara
Wannan inji kuma ba shi da tushe, amma yana da harshe-kamar, babba, marble-kore ganye, an rufe shi da farin, azurfa, aibobi.
Gasteria trihedral
Succulent rosette shuka tare da tsari biyu na ganye. Tsawon ganyen zai iya zuwa 20cm tare da faɗin 3-4cm. A gefen ganyayyaki akwai dunkule mai kaifi, tsawon mm 2-3. A saman ganye akwai filayen kore masu haske waɗanda suke da nau'in elongation kuma waɗanda suke da tsari mai kama da juna. A gefuna na ganyayyaki suna da siffar gurnani-toothed, tare da tintin haske.
