Kare 'ya'yan inabi daga sanyi

Fushi juriya da tsananin sanyi hunturu na inabine na iya tabbatar da karfin wannan shuka na yin tsayayya da tasirin zafin jiki a lokacin sanyi, bazara da damina.

Ikon inabi ya yin tsayayya, ba tare da alamun lalacewar nama, yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa 0 ° C a lokacin sanyi da lokacin sanyi na ɗanɗano shi sanyi juriya. An ƙaddara ta asali da kuma halaye na halitta na iri-iri, da digiri na maturation na harbe da hardening na wintering idanu, da yanayin ci gaban shuke-shuke, da kuma tsarin danshi kasar gona.

A cikin hunturu, bishiyar innabi an fallasa su zuwa ga dalilai masu illa: ƙananan yanayin zafi, yanayin thaws da zafi mai zurfi, canji mai kaifi a yanayin zafi mai kyau da mara kyau, kuma yana lalata lalatattun ƙwayoyi.

Ikon shuka yayi haƙuri ba tare da mummunar lalacewar tasirin waɗannan abubuwan masu illa a cikin yanayin hunturu ba lokacin sanyi. Wannan nuna alama kuma ya dogara da halaye na yanayi da yawa, yanayin girma, kuma zuwa babban adadin akan yanayin yanayin tsirrai da shirye-shiryen su na hunturu.

Halin hunturu na shuka ya shafi yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin kyallen vines da tushen, dormancy na wintering, digiri na ripening na harbe da kuma yanayin zazzabi rage lokacin kaka hardening na shuke-shuke.

Iri dake kara karfin juriya: Alfa, Moscow Mai Taimakawa, Hassan Bows, Chasla Rumming.

Inabi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. © mya!

Hanyar don kare bushes na innabi daga ƙananan yanayin zafi

Inabi na ɗanɗana yakan lalace ta hanyar faɗuwar farko da ƙarshen sanyi lokacin sanyi. Ta hanyar rage zafin jiki a kaka zuwa debewa 2 ° С, ganye da kuma firam na kore harbe sun lalace, kuma lokacin da rage zuwa ga 4 ° us berries - berries. Wannan mummunan rinjayar ripening na harbe da kuma shirye-shiryen vines don hunturu. A lokaci guda, amfanin gona na gaba shima yana raguwa sakamakon lalacewar wani ɓangaren hunturu.

Babban lalacewar gonakin inabi ana lalacewa ta hanyar ƙarshen sanyi lokacin sanyi. Karancin ciki da duk wani korayen kore sun mutu daga garesu. Sakamakon haka, gonakin inabin shekara-shekara ba zai iya mayar da kayan aikin ganye ba kuma galibi suna mutuwa. Lalacewa ta lalacewar daskararruwar bazara an dawo da ita ne kawai a cikin 'yan shekaru. A cikin bazara, lokacin da daskarewa zuwa debe 4 ° C, puffy idanu mutu, a debe 0,5 ° C - ganye, kuma a debe 0.2 ° C - inflorescences, don haka babban aikin majinin shine kare gonar inabin daga matsanancin lokacin bazara, in ba haka ba duk kokarin da ake yi na shuka inabi zai zama mara amfani.

Akwai nau'ikan sarrafa sanyi: nau'ikan halitta - namo iri iri mai tsaurin sanyi da agrotechnical - sanya shinge na bushes a shafin a cikin wurare masu dumin kariya daga iska ta arewa, da yin amfani da matsugunnin fim da kuma gabatar da karuwar takaddun potash.

Amfani da mafakar fim don kare inabi

Kariyar tsire-tsire daga dusar ƙanƙara yana farawa tare da kwanciya gonar inabinsa. Daya daga cikin hanyoyin ingantattu shine amfani da mafakar fim (Fig. 1). Bayan sun cire shingen hunturu na gonar inabin, sai suka yi tafin karshe na itacen inabi suka bar shi a ɗaure cikin ƙasa. An rufe dukkanin rukunin tudun tare da firam a cikin nau'i na greenhouse tare da shinge na waya kuma an rufe shi da fim.

Tsarin inabi tare da rami wanda aka yi da polyethylene: Fig. 1. Tsarin fim na rami: 1 - daji; 2 - arc; 3 - fim; 4 - saƙa

Yi iri ɗaya tare da tsire-tsire da aka dasa a cikin ɗakin makaranta ko dasa bulo. Kula da bushes a wannan lokacin boils ƙasa zuwa yau da kullum iska na fim tsari. Idan ana tsammanin sanyi, ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa fim ɗin yana kare tsirrai kawai a yanayin zafi har zuwa 2 2 ° С, sabili da haka, tare da ƙarin sanyaya sanyi, ya kamata a rufe firam da fim na biyu ko wani kayan da aka inganta (sutura, tarpaulin, burlap).

An cire tsari kuma an ɗaure itacen inabin don tallafawa lokacin da hatsarin sanyi ya wuce. Wannan hanyar tsari tana da matsala ɗaya - kore harbe a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin yana girma sosai kuma lokacin da za a cire firam ɗin, ya kai 50-60 cm tsayi. A lokaci guda, suna da rauni sa a kan vines da sauƙi karya kashe. Garting itacen inabi da goyon baya a wannan yanayin yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Dry garter daga cikin itacen inabi zuwa trellis ne da za'ayi a cikin lokaci na toho germination. A wannan yanayin, yana yiwuwa don ajiye duk harbe da aka ci gaba. Koyaya, kare gonar inabi daga sanyi yana da wahala, tunda kasancewar trellis yana hana tsari. A cikin waɗannan halayen, ana amfani da bude dumin wurare tare da shinge, hayaki, fesawa da kuma yawan amfani da tsire-tsire. Kyakkyawan ma'auni don kariyar shuka shine spraying da yawa sassa na kore tare da ruwa a farkon sa'o'i tare da tazara tsakanin mintuna 10-15 da yawa maraice ruwa.

Abu ne mai sauƙin shigar da kayan kwalliya masu lalacewa, waɗanda suke da hinge ko haɗin haɗin gwiwa a ƙasan, wanda zai baka damar sanya trellis a tsaye tare da bushes a cikin matattakalar kuma ku rufe bushes ɗin a ƙasa tare da filastik kayan kwalliya da sauran kayan wuta.

A lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi, suna kuma dasa shuki ta amfani da kayan hana-zafi, amma babbar hanyar kariya daga dusar ƙanƙara ita ce fasahar aikin gona ta dace a lokacin bazara da kaka: dakatar da ban ruwa, amfani da takin zamani-potassium, harbin harbe, girbin lokaci, da kuma ban ruwa na caji.

Don kare inabi daga sanyi, an aiwatar da tsari na hunturu na ɓangarorin ƙasa da gonakin 'ya'yan itace. Ya danganta da halaye na 'yan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana amfani da haske ko ninki biyu na bushes. An za'ayi ta hanyoyi da yawa: ta hanyar hawa kai da inabin daji da sako-sako da ƙasa mai laushi; ta yin amfani da kwalaye na musamman da kayan ɗora wutar.

Babban mahimmancin yanayin kula da idanu sosai a cikin hunturu shi ne cewa lokacin da aka rufe mafaka, itacen inabin ya bushe.

In ba haka ba, da bazara, vines ta zama m kuma idanu suna mutuwa. Yana da Dole a rufe bushes nan da nan bayan rauni kaka, wanda aka lura, alal misali, a Yankin Moscow a ƙarshen Satumba da farkon Oktoba.

Kafin mafita itacen inabin an cire shi daga kayan tallafin, an riga an shirya shi kuma an ɗaure shi a cikin ɗaure, waɗanda aka dage farawa tare da layuka. Young itacen inabi bushes ga hunturu tsari a baya fiye da fruiting.

Lokacin da suke hawa tare da ƙasa, da farko suna rufe kai da hannayen riga, har da idanu 4-5 akan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara. Bayan dutse, an rufe bushes a saman tare da fim ko kayan rufin, gefuna wanda aka zube tare da ƙasa. Don guje wa lalacewar tsarin tushe, ana ɗaukar ƙasa don yin ƙasa a nesa nesa ba kusa da 60 cm daga shugaban daji ba.

Dry tsara innabi don hunturu

A cikin yankin Moscow, ana amfani da abin da ake kira bushe mafaka, wanda aka rufe bushes tare da katako gable katako (Fig. 2).

Tsarin bushe hunturu na itacen inabi: Fig. 2. Tsarin bushe na hunturu na itacen inabi: a - tsari a cikin maɓuɓɓugar (1 - itacen inabi, 2 - kwanciya, 3 - ƙugiya, 4 - garkuwa, 5 - fim, 6 - dusar ƙanƙara); b - akwatin tsari (1 - itacen inabi, 2 - akwatin, 3 - fim)

Tare da irin wannan tsari, itacen inabi kuma ana ɗaure shi daure kuma an sanya shi a ƙasa. Ana sanya rassan Softwood (lapnik) ko allon a ƙarƙashin gindin. Sannan an rufe itacen inabin da kwalaye masu narkewa daga tez. Iskan da ke tsakanin bangon akwatin da ƙasa ya ishe kariya daga ƙarancin yanayin zafi don nau'in sanyi mai sanyi. Akwatin yakamata ya dace da ƙasa kuma kada ya bar iska mai sanyi ta tafi saman daji. An sanya akwatuna tare da tsawon tsawon layin. Daga sama an rufe su da fim ko kayan rufin.

Lokacin da aka ba da kariya ga varietiesan hunturu-Hardy iri, vines da shugaban daji suna rufe da farko tare da bushe bushe ko allura, sannan an shigar da akwatunan kuma an rufe su da fim.

A cikin yankuna na arewacin, tsari mai kyau biyu-tsari yana da kyau. Ta wannan hanyar, ana ɗora takaddun bambaro, ganye ko gado mai allura a kan matattun itacen, kuma a saman su an rufe su da duniyan ƙasa sannan a sanya akwatunan.

Madadin kwanduna, zaka iya amfani da garkuwar katako, amma kuma a gefen layuka a nesa na 40-50 cm daga bushes suna yin tsayi 20-25 cm. An sanya garkunan katako a kan waɗannan ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa, waɗanda aka rufe da fim ko kayan rufin. Ana shirya shirye-shiryen vines ne kamar yadda a farkon yanayin. A cikin hunturu, a cikin tsananin sanyi, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya isa sosai.

Snow shine mafi kyawun tsari, kuma tarawa a cikin gonar inabin yana da tabbacin lafiyar bushes. Zazzabi a saman ƙasa a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara 19-23 cm shine 15-16 ° sama sama da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ba dusar ƙanƙara ba. A cikin winters ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba, mulching kasar gona tare da bambaro, reeds, peat, sawdust, kazalika da ban ruwa lokacin hunturu da kankara da aka gina sama da ke kan tsari suna taimaka wa tushen sa.

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