Sanannen abu ne cewa a cikin yanayi mai laushi mai daɗi ɗaya masara masara guda ɗaya tana ciyar da ruwa 200-250 na ruwa a lokacin girma, kuma kabejin kabeji na buƙatar lita 10 na ruwa kowace rana. Yana da kyau idan aka sami irin wannan adadin ruwa ga shuka. Kuma idan ta ɓace? Kuma gaba ɗaya, kun taɓa yin tunani game da yadda tsire-tsire ke yaƙi da fari?
Epmera (hatsi, tsintsiya, rayayye) guji fari, kamar dai mamaye shi - suna da ci gaba mai sauri. Makonni 5-6 daga farkon lokacin rigar, sun sami damar yin fure da ba da tsaba. Dasa ta bushe, fari ya shigo, tsaba kuma a natse suke jira.
Agave ParrasanaA cikin yanayin ƙasa (tulips, sand sedge, da sauransu), wasu marubutan suna kiran su ephemeroids) ban da tsaba, har yanzu akwai gabobin ajiya na karkashin kasa da ke kariya daga asarar ruwa ta suttukan musamman.
Xerophytes ya nuna mafi wayo. Wasu daga cikinsu (maharma) haɓaka tsarin tushen ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi har zuwa mita da yawa a zurfi kuma ka sami zuwa yadudduka masu danshi ko ruwan ƙasa (lokacin da aka haƙa rafin Suez, an samo tushen kashin raƙumi a zurfin 33 m!). Wasu a hanyoyi daban-daban suna rage yawan metabolism: mai tushe da ganyen tsutsotsi masu yawa suna rufe da gashi wanda ya mutu da sauri kuma yana cike da iska (ƙarancin zafi mai saurin zafi da ƙarancin ganye); wasu tsirrai suna da ganye mai ganye da ganye da ke nuna hasken rana, ko kuma su juya gefansu zuwa haske; saxaul ba shi da ganyayyaki kwata-kwata (kuma baya bayar da inuwa!), amma rassansa masu launin kore ne da photosynthesize. Na Uku (poikyloxerophytes) in babu danshi sai su bushe, amma bayan an yi ruwa sai su dawo da hanzarin ganyayyakin su (mosses, lichens). Koyaya, wani rukuni na xerophytes - babban nasara - shine mafi ban sha'awa. A cikin lokutan rayuwa masu dacewa, sukan tara ruwa a cikin su, kuma yayin fari suna amfani da shi ta fannin tattalin arziki.
DinteranthusA wasu hanyoyin rubuce-rubuce xerophytes An rarrabu cikin waɗansu ƙungiyoyi, a wani wuri daban daban da kuma bayan nasara, amma duk wannan ba shi da wani tasiri game da dabarun labarinmu. Babban abu shine xerophytes (daga Girkanci xeros - bushe da phyton - tsire-tsire) sune tsire-tsire na wuraren bushewa kuma an sami nasarar shawo kan fari. Wasu daga cikinsu a lokaci guda na iya rasa kusan kashi 60% na ruwa ba tare da sakamako mai ƙisa ba.
Bari mu zauna dan kadan game da succulents. Ba sa cikin tsarin rarrabuwar Botanical, sabili da haka ba a cikin Tsarin Mulki daban-daban na mulkin Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire ba, ba kuma tare da tsarin haraji da taxa ba. Kazalika da sauran ƙungiyoyi "na yau da kullun", alal misali: bishiyoyi, ganye, ephemera, amfanin gona na ornamental, tsire-tsire na magani, da sauransu. A zahiri magana, succulentism hanya ce ta rayuwar tsirrai.
Fat Adenium, ko Fat Adenium (Adenium obesum)Nasara (daga Latin succulentus - m, fleshy) - rukuni na nau'ikan tsire-tsire na xerophytic mai tsinkaye wanda ke iya adana ruwa a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta mai tasowa - mai ruwa na cikin ruwa (har zuwa tan miliyan 2-3) kuma yana da na'urori da yawa na kayan ilimin halittu da na kayan haɓaka don amfanin tattalin arziƙin a cikin lokacin bushe. Irin waɗannan na'urorin sun haɗa da kasancewar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙarfi (fim mai kariya), tsari na musamman na ganye, yawanci babu ganye, nau'in musamman na photosynthesis, kasancewar ƙayayuwa ko dunƙule, wani nau'i na musamman na kara, da dai sauransu.
Dangane da wasu kimomi, bangarorin bushe (bushe) sun mamaye har zuwa kashi 35% na saman duniya kuma suka kewaye duniya baki daya. Saboda haka, maye gurbin ya yaɗu cikin Amurka, da Afirka, da Eurasia, da kuma a Ostiraliya. Mawallafa daban-daban sun kirga daga nau'ikan nau'ikan sufi 15,000 zuwa 20,000 wadanda ba su da iyalai 80 ƙasa! Muna jawo hankalinmu ga gaskiyar cewa ba koyaushe wakilan dangi bane (kuma wani lokacin har ma da tarko) suna girma a cikin yanayin yanayin halayen guda ɗaya ne da irin nau'in xerophytes iri ɗaya. Don haka, daga cikin nau'ikan halittar euphorbiaceae (iyali Euphorbiaceae), bakwai ne kawai aka gane su masu nasara ne (kodayake wannan ma yana da yawa - daga ɗaya da rabi zuwa ga jinsunan dubu biyu). Baya ga su, babban "masu ba da kaya" na succulents sune cactus, mesembryanthem, Crassulaceae, Orchidaceae, Bromeliad, Asclepius, da sauran iyalai da yawa.
Euphorbia obese, ko Euphorbia puffy (Euphorbia obesa)Dukkanin "fara'a" na parenchyma (nama na musamman don ingantawa ko sakin danshi) shine ruwa a cikin wani tsari ko wata ya sami kashi 95% na abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nama - waɗannan sune tankokin adana ruwa! Jiki mai riƙe da ruwa a cikin tsire-tsire na iya kasancewa a cikin ganye, tushe, da gabobin ƙasa. Dangane da haka, an bambanta ganye (aloe, agave, mezembi, haworthia), kara (cacti, adeniums, slways) da tushen (euphorbia, brachistelma) succulents. Yana da mahimmanci a sani anan cewa a cikin yawancin jinsuna, duka ganye mai kyau, mai tushe ko mai tushe da “Tushen”, da sauransu, suna lokaci guda .. Saboda haka, ɓangaren da ke sama yana da sabani sosai ...
"Yaya wannan duk yake da alaƙa da rayuwarmu ta zahiri?" - ka tambaya. Da muhimmanci sosai.
EcheveriaDa fari daiBushe (musamman a cikin hunturu) iska na wuraren mu ya dace sosai ga mazaunan hamada da jeji - ba sa buƙatar a fesa su ko sanya su kusa da duk wani bututun iska.
Abu na biyu, zaku iya barin wards dinku ba tare da wata matsala ba sati guda ko wata daya (kuma a cikin hunturu tsawon watanni!) kuma tare da kwanciyar hankali barin ƙungiyar aƙalla don ƙungiya
abin sha, har ma a lokacin hutu, har ma a kasar. Kuma saboda wannan ba lallai ne ku juya ga aboki ko maƙwabta na kirki waɗanda za su kula da tsirranku lokaci-lokaci a gare su za a sami ɗan lokacin bushewa ba, a gabanin an daidaita su da rayuwarsu.
Abu na ukuPhotosynthesis a cikin succulents yana ci gaba ta hanyar da suke sakin oxygen a cikin duhu (lokacin da kuna gida), kuma ba kamar sauran tsire-tsire ba, suna fitar da carbon dioxide kadan a rana.
Na huduRarearancin shayarwa sau 3 zai adana lokacin ku, mai tsada sosai a cikin karni na sauri-sauri. Me yasa har uku? Lissafta kanku: da farko, lokacin shayarwa yana ragewa ta rage yawan adadin ruwa. A matsayin daya daga cikin sakamakon - a hankali girma na succulents, kuna buƙatar ƙasa da lokaci don tsarawa da datsa (don waɗancan nau'in don abin da ake buƙata gaba ɗaya). Kuma a ƙarshe, saboda rarer dasa, tun "lokacin aiki" na cakuda ƙasa a cikin tanki dasa yana tsawan. Ba asirce bane cewa dacewar abin da ake amfani dashi shine mafi yawanci ana ƙaddara shi da ingancin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa, da kuma dacewar adadin sa zuwa girman tukunyar. Sakamakon haka, wasu cacti da litattafai (a matsayin "mafi yawanci") tare da fasaha na aikin gona na iya jin daɗin al'ada kuma sun yi fure ba tare da yin juji ba don shekaru 5-7!
HaworthiaDuk da haka ... Idan kuna tunanin cewa maye gurbin ba sa son m ruwa, to, wannan ne mai sauki kuskure ne. Suna son ruwa, kamar yadda suke so! Kuma a lokacin girma, a gaban ƙarin ko conditionsasa da yanayi mafi kyau duka don ci gaba (haske, zazzabi, iska mai tsayi), zaku iya shayar da tsire-tsire mafi yawanci kusan duk lokacin da sauran wakilan flora na cikin gida. Amma succulents sun koyi yadda ake sarrafa yawan ruwan da suke akwai (koda kuwa akwai kadan daga ciki), wanda suka bunkasa dukkan dabarun su. Don haka, fari ba matsala gare su ba.
Crassula (Crassula)
