Ruman jita jita na mutane yana gwada Anthurium tare da Flamingos, kuma yana da sunan ta zuwa kamannin inflorescence tare da wutsiya. Kuma masaniyar Turawa da Amurkawa tare da wakilan babban iyali anthuriums sun faru a rabi na biyu na karni na 19.
Ko da a lokacin, Yaren mutanen Holland ya zama mai sha'awar ƙaƙƙarfan bayanai na Anthurium Andre, kuma a Hawaii, wanda ya zama ainihin ƙasa ta biyu na mazaunan masifar Kudancin Amurka, an kafa filayen masana'antu na farko kuma aka fara aikin zaɓi.
Kariji Antururi (Anthurium andreanum)
Saboda fure mai ban sha'awa, ana iya kiran wannan nau'in anthurium mafi shahara a duniya. Tun daga karni na 70 na ƙarni na ƙarshe kafin ƙarshe, lokacin da tsire-tsire na wannan nau'in anthurium daban-daban sun kasance a hannun mai binciken, anthurium Andrianum ya ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin wurare na farko tsakanin albarkatun gona da aka dasa da kuma tsakanin tsire-tsire da aka shirya don lambuna na shimfidar wuri, kamar yadda aka tsara don yankan.
A yau, ana ba da lambu da yawa iri-iri na Anthurium Andre da kuma nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke mamakin hasashe tare da launuka iri-iri, launuka da girma dabam. Asalin asalin nau'in shine yanki mai cike da tsaunuka na Kolumbia, inda anthuriums na Andre ya girma a nisan kusan kilomita 2.5 sama da matakin teku.
Wannan tsire-tsire, daga 50 zuwa 150 cm tsayi, yana jagorantar rayuwar epiphyte, wanda dukkanin tsarinsa ya daidaita. Anthurium yana da tarko mai laushi mai tushe, wanda tsawon petioles na ovate nuna ganye suna a haɗe sosai. Takardun faranti masu launin fata, mai yawa. Tsawon takardar tsawonta ya kasance daga 20 zuwa 40 cm, kuma fadinta kusan kusan sau biyu ƙasa.
Kamar sauran Epiphytes, Anthurium Andre, a kan kara, yana samun tushen iska mai yawa, yana taimaka wa shuka don karɓar abinci mai gina jiki da danshi daga iska. Ra'ayin, bisa ga bayanin anthurium, an nuna shi da fure mai tsayi. Bayan haka, abin da yawancin al'ada suke ɗauka kamar fure ne na anthurium, shine inflorescence, yana kunshe da shimfidar gado ko ɓarna da kunne, haɗe da wasu ƙananan furanni.
Rufin mayafin na iya zama mai kamannin zuciya ko m, masana'anta, kamar yadda a cikin hoton anthurium launin ruwan kasa, fata ne, mai dauke da jijiyoyi. A matsakaici, ƙwanƙwashin zai iya kaiwa tsawon 15-20 cm .. Faɗinta ya ɗan fiƙaƙa. Kamar yadda furanni suka yi girma, murhun ɗin ya lanƙwasa, gabaɗaya wani farin haske ko cob yellow.
Godiya ga bargo mai haske, an taɓa ganin anthurium ja a cikin tarzoma ta launuka masu zafi. Amma a yau, ban da nau'ikan da ke daɗaɗan lambu, da mulufi da mulufi, ba sabon abu bane ga tsirrai masu launuka iri iri da kunnuwa da shimfidar gado. Kuna iya ganin farin, ruwan hoda har ma da tsoffin baƙi. Akwai nau'ikan iri da wayoyi tare da launuka masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke haɗa launuka masu haske da yawa.
Bayan pollination na furanni a kan inflorescence, an kafa berries na launin ja ko launi mai launi, a ciki wanda akwai nau'i biyu. Gaskiya ne, tunda masu noman fure na zamani suna ci gaba ba girma iri, amma anthuriums matasan, ƙwayar yaduwar al'adu tana ba da hanyoyi ga hanyoyin ciyayi. Kuma a kan tsire-tsire na masana'antu suna amfani da al'adun nama don samun yawan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar ƙirƙira da bayar da masoya na tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi iri iri na anthurium waɗanda ba a taɓa samun su ba a cikin yanayin. Misali shine anthurium tare da braids guda biyu da aka nuna a hoto ko hadaddun hanyoyin hada hadaddun bishiyoyi tare da wani sabon abu mai kama da gado, kanana ko, a takaice, manya manyan manya.
Anthurium scherzerianum
Da dama anthurium sanannun ga masu siyar da fure, wanda a farkon kallo zana hankalin saboda wani fancifully crimped elongated inflorescence. An gano dabbobin daji na Scherzer a Guatemala da Costa Rica, inda tsire-tsire sun zaɓi gandun daji mai ɗorewa sosai a matakin mita dubu ɗaya da rabi sama da matakin teku.
Perennial herbaceous al'adunsu zaune a gandun daji zuriyar dabbobi da kuma manyan woody shuke-shuke. Tsawon samfurin mutum na Scherzer anthurium ya kai cm 30-40. Kamar Andre, gangar jikin wannan nau'in ko dai ya gajarta sosai ko kuma gaba daya ba ya nan.
Sphenoid ko nuna-elliptili foliage ne mai yawa, kore kore. Farfajiyar farantin takardar, ya kai 20-30 cm a tsayi, matte, mai yawa ga taɓawa.
Hankali na iya tafiya shekara-shekara, amma ganiyarsa tana sauka akan lokacin daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Yuli. Ba kamar Andrianum anthurium, inflorescence ba shine kai tsaye ba, amma mai jujjuya ne, amma a cikin al'adun gargaji da wakiltar nau'in karkace. Murfin m, ƙarancin zuciya. A cikin nau'ikan daji, duka cob da bish ana yin fenti sau da yawa a cikin sautunan launuka masu launin ja ko Scarlet.
Theididdigar fure na wannan nau'in anthurium shine, saboda tsarin, canja wuri daga fure ɗaya zuwa waccan yana yiwuwa a tsire-tsire. Babban pollinators a cikin yanayi kwari ne. A gida, inda yau scherzer's anthurium yana ƙara zama ruwan dare gama gari, dole ne kuyi amfani da hanyoyin jagora na canja wurin pollen.
A yanzu, yawancin iri da kuma nau'ikan halittu masu launuka daban-daban na inflorescences da girman shuka da kanta an buge. Misalin wannan shine Amaretti anthurium, ana hoto a hoto, wata shuka ta cikin gida wacce take da bra da baƙon abu.
Akwai nau'ikan tsayi guda biyu waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar Rosimita 60-santimita-high, da kuma ƙananan anthuriums waɗanda suka girma lokacin da diamita na shuka ya ƙasa da 10 cm.
Anthurium Lindenianum
Linden's anthurium ruwan hoda ba sau da yawa ana gani a cikin al'adu, kodayake furewar wannan nau'in ba ta da kyau da kyau da tsawon lokaci zuwa anthurium na Andre ko Scherzer.
Kamar sauran nau'in halittu, wannan a cikin yanayin rayuwa yana zaune a Kolombiya, yana girma ko dai a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, a kan ƙasa mai wadataccen humus na gandun daji, ko kuma tsayawa kan tsirrai da kansu, a matsayin ingantaccen epiphyte.
Babban bambancin da ke tsakanin jinsunan shine sashin sashe-fure na petioles da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan nau'in-zuciya mai kamannin ganye mai haske. A kan farantin ganye har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, labulen wuta da ƙamshin zaitun a bayyane bayyane. Foaƙƙarfan ƙwayar saurayi ana iya rarrabe shi ta hanyar haske, inuwa mai laushi, ganye mai girma duhu, fata.
Ba kamar anthurium Andre tare da jan ƙarfe, wannan nau'in da ke cikin daji ya samar da fara'a, yadudduka zuwa saman goge baki, bargo na tsarkakakken ruwan hoda mai haske. A kan tsayin daka mai zurfi har zuwa 40 cm, an kafa madaidaiciya, fari ko mai kirim. Fulawa yana tare da yaduwar kamshi mai daɗi.
Abin ban sha'awa, wannan shine ɗayan tsofaffin nau'in anthurium mai wayewar kai, amma ana iya samunta ba a cikin tarin gida ba, amma mafi yawan lokuta a cikin gidajen lambuna. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da Linden Anthurium don samar da wasu nau'ikan iri-iri.
Crystal Anthurium (Anthurium crystallinum)
Tun daga 1875, ya sami matsayin wata shuka da aka shuka da kuma wani nau'in anthurium - crystal anthurium, wanda a cikin yanayin rayuwa yana zaune a wurare da yawa na katako na Peru da Columbia.
Idan kwatancen anthuriums mai jan hankali tare da kyawawan furanni an ba su a sama, to, wannan nau'in ya fito tare da fure mai kyau na ado, wanda ba shi da ƙima ga ganuwar ganyen alocasia.
Matsakaicin tsayi daga tushe na anthurium na crystal a gida kawai ya kai mita, yayin da akwati ke cike da daskararren kayan mallakar shuka - ganyayyaki masu ƙyalli. A kan wanne haske ne mai kwantar da hancin walƙiya. Tsawon farantin takardar ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 40 cm, kuma faɗin shimfidarsa ya ɗan ragu.
Idan ƙananan ganye suna iya samun launin shuɗi, to, tare da shekaru, koren launi a kansu ya fi girma da duhu. Yanke ganye suna da tsawo, na bakin ciki, rataye. A baya na ganye ne ya fi dacewa ko launin kore-kore.
Kodayake fure, kamar sauran nau'ikan anthuriums na gida, yana da tsawo, ba za'a iya kiran shi ado ko m. Peduncles na Anthurium, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoto, ya kai tsawon 40 cm kuma yana da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda. Murfin ya fi na cob girma, wanda ke ba da ƙanshin ƙanshi na cloves, kuma wani lokacin yana da wuya a rarrabe. Faɗaɗinsa ya wuce 2 cm, kuma tsawon ba ya ƙeta cm 9. Launi fari ne, ko ruwan kore ko maras nauyi.
A yau, akwai wasu siffofin matasan da yawa na kyawawan furanni da kyawawan dabbobin anthuriums na ado, inda aka yi amfani da anthurium kristal lokacin ƙetarawa.
Anthurium Hooker (Anthurium hookeri)
Kodayake ba safai ake shuka tsiro a cikin al'adar daki ba, amma tana jurewa duk wahalar yanayin gida kuma tana ado da kowane ciki. A cikin daji, ana iya samun wannan nau'in anthurium a yau a cikin erarancin Antilles, a cikin gandun daji na Suriname, Trinidad da kuma wasu sassan Guiana.
Girman ma'aunin balagaggu na hoton anthurium wanda aka nuna a cikin hoto shine 150-250 cm, tsayinsa yakai cm 60. Girman yana da kyau ba a bayyana, ganyen suna da girma, ikliptical, kunkuntar da tushe. Bayan an kusa dubawa, ana ganin abin da ya nuna na wasu ƙananan aibobi ne akan furenn ganye mai launin shuɗi mai haske. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan da nau'in anthurium, a wannan yanayin ganye petioles yana da gajeru kuma ya kai kusan 4 cm tsayi.
Ba abu mai sauƙi ba don cimma fure da bayyanar akan anthurium na shunayya ko shuɗi mai laushi tare da ƙananan takalmin kore a gida. Idan wannan ya yi nasara, an kafa fure fure na anthurium na kusan mita, kamar yadda a cikin hoto, an yi masa kambi tare da cokali 30 da tsayi kuma ƙwanƙwasa mai wuya, ya ɗan gajarta fiye da inflorescence. Bayan pollination a kan cob, m farin berries tare da ja zama ja ripen.
Hawan Anthurium (Anthurium ya yi rashin kunya)
Dangane da bayanin anthuriums, mafi yawanci ana girma a gida - waɗannan sune tsire-tsire waɗanda kusan basu da tushe. Amma dai itace akwai wasu togiya.
Ana samun shi sau da yawa a cikin tarin masoya na hawan hauhawar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ta aroid. Dankin shine epiphyte mai kama da itacen inabi, yana yin jerin harbe mai tsawo wanda aka rufe da kyawawan ganye da kuma tushe mai kauri. A cikin gandun daji na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, irin wannan karsashin Tushen yana taimaka masa hawa dutsen ba kawai bishiyun bishiyun ba, har ma ya sami wurin zama a kan duwatsu.
Furen fure na anthurium da aka nuna a cikin hoto ba na ado bane, amma berries mai ɗorawa suna ado da anthurium sosai. Ba kamar sauran wakilan kwayoyin ba, samar da 'ya'yan itace orange ko ja, berries na hawan anthurium fararen fata ne ko lilac. Sun kirkiro a shafin yanar gizagi mai launin shuɗi ko kore, ɗan ƙaramin murfin kore ya rufe shi. Tunda furanni kusan yake akai, sannan akan girke girke zaka iya gani wasu kananan gogewa masu kwalliya da berries lokaci daya.
Anthurium wendlingeri
Wannan ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan anthurium ne mai ban sha'awa, waɗanda aka girma a gida da kuma a cikin lambunan hunturu. Siffar ma'adanai ta Wendliger ta ce babban sifa ce, mai tsiro mai tushe har zuwa cm 20. Ganyen tsiro na da launin fata, daɗaɗɗen launuka, da lanceolate, har ma da launuka masu launi, waɗanda aka haɗe da kara ta amfani da gajerun petioles. Tsawon farantin takardar ya kai 80 cm, kuma girman sa bai wuce 11 cm ba.
Wani sabon salo na wannan yanayin anthurium shine yake yin shinge na sararin samaniya wanda tsawon lokaci yana iya kasancewa tare da ganye kuma yana da launin koren launi ko launin shuɗi.
An ba da shuka na musamman sakamako na ado ta dogon inflorescences-cobs da stipules, Twisted cikin spirals na yau da kullun. Tsawon cob na iya bambanta daga 13 zuwa 42 cm, kuma danshin ta daga 3 zuwa 7 mm. Leaƙƙarfan falle kore ko launin rawaya inflorescences fito fili a fili daga bangon duhu, amma bedspreads, kuma nadafe a cikin m karkace, ba koyaushe ne m. Su na bakin ciki ne sosai, masu elongated kuma suna fentin shuɗi ko shunayya masu launin shuɗi. Tare da nisa na kusan santimita kawai, tsawon katsewar ba ta wuce cm 11-15. Irin wannan anthurium mai shunayya yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi a yankan, amma zai yi ado da kyau na ciki ko na kore.
