Kabeji yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kayan lambu waɗanda aka shuka a cikin ƙasarmu ƙarni da yawa. Daga cikin kayan aikinsa, yana da mahimmanci a nuna alamar kasancewar a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da yawan abubuwa masu amfani waɗanda ba asara ba kawai lokacin dafa abinci ba, har ma lokacin ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Kabeji yana daya daga cikin amfanin gona mai tsaurin sanyi. Godiya ga wannan, ana iya noma shi a yankuna tare da yanayin ruwa daban-daban. Kabeji ba kawai kayan lambu ne mai mahimmanci ba, har ma yana samar da isasshen dama don girma saboda bambancin nau'ikan halittu, kowannensu yana bambanta da halayensa. Farin kabeji ana ɗauka jagora ne cikin shahararrun, iri-iri wanda zai iya samun lokatai na ɗabarta daban-daban.
Kabeji mai cikakke
Idan kuna son samun sabbin kayan lambu akan tebur da wuri-wuri, ya fi kyau ku shuka ire-ire a farkon bazara. Wannan ya shafi cikakke ga kabeji. Whitean fari farkon kabeji iri iri da aka bayar a cikin shagunan suna ba da izinin shugabannin ƙirƙira a cikin lokaci daga kwanaki 100 zuwa 120. Kodayake a wannan yanayin, zaku iya samun farkon shugaban kabeji kamar mako biyu a baya idan kun shuka kabeji da seedlings. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da tsire-tsire waɗanda suka kai shekaru 45-50 kwanaki don dasa fararen ƙwayar kabeji a cikin yanayin ƙasa.
Yaushe shuka shuka kabeji na shuka?
Kafin bincika kayan dasawa da shirya shi don shuka kabeji don tsire-tsire, ya zama dole don yanke shawara lokacin da za a shuka iri don shuka. Gano ingantaccen lokacin abu ne mai sauki. Kuna iya ƙayyade lokacin da ya fi dacewa don dasa shuki, kuna sanin sigogi biyu masu zuwa:
- Kwanakun lokacin da aka shirya dasa shuki na fararen kabeji farkon kabeji a gonar;
- Shekarun seedlings.
Bayar da cewa yanayin yana da kyau a kan titi, kuma ana shirin dasa seedlingsan matasa na kabeji a farkon Mayu, mafi dacewa lokacin shuka tsaba shine tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Maris. Don haka, daga ranar dasa tsirrai a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar cire kwanaki 45-50. Sakamakon lissafin, za a sami kwanan wata, wanda zai zama jagora don dasa kabeji don shuka.
Lokaci na farkon shugabannin kabeji
Hakanan, kowane mazaunin rani na iya yin lissafin lokacin girbi. Don gano lokacin da zai yiwu don samun kabeji na farko na kabeji na Yuni a kan tebur, Wajibi ne a la'akari da halayen mutum iri-iri na kabeji na farko. Sabili da haka, yana da ma'ana a zauna daki daki bisa wasu daga cikinsu. Duk nau'ikan fararen kabeji na farko sun haɗa daban-daban na lokaci. Lokacin jira, farawa daga bayyanar seedlingsyan farko da ƙare tare da cin gaban balaga na fasaha, na iya zama daban ga iri daban-daban:
- Kwanaki 92-100 - "Yuni";
- Kwanaki 102-110 - "kadada ta hektari";
- Kwanaki 120 - "Kyauta".
Sabili da haka, idan muka ɗauka cewa muna da seedlings na farkon kabeji mai shekaru 45 kuma mun shirya dasa shi a farkon Mayu, to muna iya tsammanin bayyanar farkon shugabannin watannin Yuni na farko a watan Yuni. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa lokacin zabar lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne a kula da fasalin yanayin yankin.
Ya dace da dasa shuki da farkon kabeji shine lokacin da ya isa dumu dumu a lokacin kuma babu yawan zafin jiki mai karfi da dare. Ya danganta da yankin, waɗannan kwanakin na iya bambanta. A saboda wannan dalili, lokacin dasa shuki seedlings, ya zama dole a mai da hankali kan halayen wani yanki. Don seedlings na kabeji na farko, ya zama dole don amfani da mafakar fim don kada sanyi na bazata ya cutar da matasa seedlings.
Hanyar dasa shuki kabeji na shuka
Don tattara anda andan girma da ɗanɗano a cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar amfani da seedlingsan seedlings masu inganci don dasawa. Hanya mafi sauƙi don warware matsalar tare da ita ita ce idan kun saya daga mazauna rani. Koyaya, ana iya samun matsaloli, tunda yayin girbi akwai haɗarin ganowa alamun cutar. Wasu ma baza su iya rayuwa har zuwa wannan lokacin ba ko kuma basu da lokaci don balaga. Sabili da haka, har yanzu ana bada shawara don cin gashin kansa daban-daban a cikin aikin dasa kayan shuka.
Godiya ga wannan taron, mai lambun ya samu aiki a kan kari, wanda a sakamakon sa ya samu damar girbi gaba da tsarin aiki. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shuka seedlings. Mafi sauki kuma mafi araha shine amfani da fim na greenhouses da hotbeds tare da dumama. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to, zaku iya shuka seedlings cikin yanayin daki. A shari’ar ta karshen, akwai kuma halayen nasu, wadanda suka hada da tsince tsirrai ko rashinsa.
Tsarin iri
A kan aiwatar da tsaba don shuka don shuka, dole ne a fara sarrafa su. Godiya ga wannan, zaka iya tabbata cewa zasu girma daga tsaba karfi da lafiya seedlings. Idan zamuyi magana dalla-dalla game da maganin iri, to ya hada da warewa. Amfani da shuka yana bada shawarar hatsi mai nauyi. Kuna iya ƙayyade su da diamita, wanda ya zama akalla 2 mm. Dukkanin tsaba tare da lalacewa ko ƙananan gutsuttsura da aka gano yayin zaɓin aikin dole ne a cire su. Bayan haka, dole ne a sanya su cikin ruwan gishiri. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar 50 g na gishiya kuma haɗa shi da lita ɗaya na ruwan da aka yanke.
Tsaba za su cika jiki, wanda, bayan shigar mafita mai gishiri, zai nitse zuwa ƙarshen tanki. Abubuwan hatsi waɗanda suka taso suna buƙatar cire su. Sannan dukkan tsaba yakamata a rins. Yanzu an sami nasarar raba tsaba dole ne a kula da zafin. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ruwa mai zafi zuwa digiri 50, kuma sanya tsaba a ciki na minti 20. A irin wannan hanya zai shafe hatsi. Hakanan baya cutarwa don gudanar da jiyya tare da abubuwan da aka gano. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da tincture dangane da itacen ash. Don shirya shi, kuna buƙata dauki wadannan abubuwan:
- itace ash - 200 g;
- ruwa na tsaye - 10 l.
Tsaba da aka sanya a cikin tincture ya kamata ya kasance a ciki don 4 hours. Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman zuwa zafin jiki na ruwa. Bayan haka, an cire kayan dasa daga cikin ruwa kuma an ba shi izinin bushewa. Measuresarin matakai don shirya tsaba don shuka suna soaking da shuka. Koyaya, ba lallai ba ne don aiwatar da su, don haka bayan aiwatar da matakan da ke sama, zaku iya fara shuka tsaba.
Tankunan seedling
Tsaba na kabeji na farko a ɗakunan yanayi za'a iya shuka cikin ƙananan kwantena waɗanda aka cika da ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, zaku iya amfani da kwandunan filastik ko kwalaye na katako. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire dole ne a ƙaddamar da tara. Madadin, za su iya zama filastik filastik ko kofuna.
Wani zaɓi na yau da kullun shine shuka a cikin peat da kwakwa na boro. Koyaya, to tsire-tsire basu da nutsuwa. Idan babu kwantena da aka yi don shuka seedlings na kabeji, dole ne a yi da kansu, ta amfani da kayan da ke akwai. Kamar yadda za'a iya amfani dashi filastik ko jakunkuna, akwatuna daban-daban, jakunkuna na filastik, kofuna na takarda, da dai sauransu Amma ba tare da la'akari da irin kwantena waɗanda za ku shuka shuka ba, wajibi ne don yin ramuka a ciki. Idan babu wata hanyar cire yawan danshi, to wannan na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka a tsirrai.
Preparationasa shiri
Idan kuna bin dabarun aikin gona na shuka seedlings na kabeji na farko, to lallai ya zama dole a yi amfani da kayan gauraya na musamman da ke da shi. Talakawa na lambu ba wani zaɓi ne da ya dace ba, saboda yana iya ɗaukar larvae na kwari wanda zai iya haifar da ciwo mai yawa a kabeji Sabili da haka, ana bada shawara don ɗauka a cikin fall shirye-shiryen da earthen cakuda na shuka.
Idan a kan lokaci lokacin da wasu yanayi suka hana shiri na shuka, to, zaku iya fita daga cikin halin ta hanyar sayen abubuwan haɗin da aka shirya a cikin shago. Lokacin zabar su, wajibi ne don la'akari da abun da ke ciki da kwanan watan masana'anta. Don girma seedlings na farkon kabeji, zaka iya amfani da cakuda da aka shirya a gida. Haka kuma, maigidan na iya zaɓar ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don shirye-shiryen irin wannan tsarin ƙasa:
Haduwa mai lamba 1. Matsakaicin abubuwan da aka gyara 1: 1: 1:
- peat;
- ƙasar turf
- humus.
Haduwa mai lamba 2. Matsakaicin abubuwan da aka gyara 1: 1/4: 1/4:
- itace ash;
- lemun tsami;
- m yashi.
Haduwa ta 3. Matsakaicin abubuwan da aka gyara 1: 3: 1/4:
- ƙasar turf
- peat;
- m yashi.
Domin samun karfi da lafiya seedlings na farko kabeji, kasar gona amfani da girma ya kamata ba kawai m, amma kuma suna da iska da danshi permeable tsarin. Waɗannan halayen suna ɗauke da duk ɗayan abubuwan da aka lissafa a sama. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya shirya irin wannan gaurayawan watanni da yawa kafin a shuka kuma a adana shi a cikin dakin sanyi.
Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a kawo ƙasa mai yanayin. Ana iya yin wannan da sauri cikin sauri ta hanyar dumama shi da tururin ruwa. Wannan aikin yana da fa'ida sau biyu, saboda ban da komai, yana ba ku damar tsabtace ƙasa. Gaba da wannan an shimfiɗa ƙasa a cikin kwantenashirye don girma seedlings. Idan ana shirin yin amfani da kwantena filastik akai-akai, to kafin amfani na gaba dole ne a bi da su tare da mafita na potassiumgangan. Za'a iya aiwatar da irin wannan aikin dangane da ƙasa kanta, idan ba a yiwa maganin zafi ba.
Kammalawa
Kodayake narkar da farin kabeji na kanshi abu ne mai sauki, amma, yawancin mazauna bazara suna da sha'awar samun shugabannin kabeji na farko fiye da yadda aka saba. Sabili da haka, sun tsunduma cikin aikin ta hanyar shuka. A zahiri, wannan hanyar tana da matsala, amma tare da madaidaicin halayen dukkan ayyukan riga a farkon makonni na Yuni Kuna iya samun shugabannin shugabannin kabeji na farko. Koyaya, duk ya dogara da shirye-shiryen da girbi na seedlings. Wajibi ne ba kawai don zaɓan 'ya'yan kabeji da suka dace ba, har ma don shirya ƙasa don ita, kuma don sanin lokacin da ya dace don shuka tsaba. Da aka ba waɗannan maki, zaka iya samun farkon girbin farin kabeji kowace shekara.
