Girma matasa a cikin filin bude hotoSempervivum (lat. Sempervívum) tsirrai ne na shuka a cikin iyali Crassulaceae. Sunan an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar kalmomin Latin guda biyu, waɗanda ma'anar ke fassara su azaman "rai madawwami" saboda ikon riƙe mai yiwuwa a cikin mafi tsauraran yanayi. Mutane suna kiransa daurin rai, dutse, bishiyar kabeji. Sunan "uwa kaza da kaji" ya fito ne daga Ingila, saboda a lokacin furanni girma ne wannan hoton.
Shuka shuka. An ɓoye ɓoyayyen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, a farfajiya akwai dimbin launuka na ganye da ganye tare da diamita na 1 zuwa 15. cm faranti tare da kafaffun gefuna da ƙamshi mai kyau, ovate a siffar.
Yawancin nau'ikan suna wakiltar launuka masu yawa: kore, launin shuɗi, azurfa, ruwan hoda, burgundy, violet (kusan baki).
Sempervivum yana girma a cikin lambuna da kan windowsill. A inji shi ne unpretentious a cikin kulawa. Tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari, zaka iya yin ado da kowane wuri mai faɗi. Ana amfani da kabeji na farantin ƙasa, mafi yawa ana dasa shi akan tsaunukan tsaunuka, tare da hanyoyin lambun, zaku iya yin ado da leaky ko sanya shi a cikin jirgin ruwa mai kyau ko akwati.
Mahalli na asali sune ƙasashen Turai, Asiaan Asiya da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Caucasus.
Lokacin da matasa suka yi fure
Fulawa yana faruwa sau ɗaya a rayuwar: lokacin da yake da shekaru 2-3, wani shinge ya bayyana a lokacin bazara, a ƙarshen fure, ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire ya mutu gaba ɗaya. Ya kamata a cire shi a hankali daga ƙasa.
Tsayayyen tsaye yana da fadi, yana ƙare da ƙananan furanni masu launin tauraruwa masu launin fari, rawaya, shuɗi-kore, ja, ruwan hoda, da shuɗi mai haske.
Girma matasa daga tsaba
Tsaba matasa hoto
Matasa don bude ƙasa daga tsaba suna girma a cikin seedlings. Shuka yakamata a fara a watan Fabrairu.
- Cupsauki kofuna waɗanda filastik, yi ramuka na magudanan ruwa a cikinsu, cika su da ƙasa mai yashi idan a nan gaba za a sami juyawa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ko tare da cacti don abubuwan narkarda masu zuwa yanayin yanayi.
- Yada tsaba a farfajiya ta latsa dan kadan da sanya su cikin kasar, fesa, tare da fim.
- Bayar da hasken wutar lantarki mai yaduwa da zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 18-20 ° C.
Sempervivum daga harbe iri
- Itatuwan farkon zai fito a cikin kwanaki 5. Carearin kulawa ya ƙunshi ƙarancin shayarwa (kusan sau 1 a cikin makonni 3), guje wa samun ruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki. Kar a cire fim din kamar sati biyu.
- Dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire a hankali a cikin kwantena daban, ana iya ɗaukar tushen tare da ƙasa domin matattarar ƙurawar ba ta murƙushe. Yi amfani da filogi ko wasu kayan aiki na taimako. Bayan dasawa, kar a sha ruwa, bar Tushen ya warke a cikin kwanaki 1-2.
Sempervivum daga zuriyar hoto iri
Dasawa zuwa cikin ƙasa yana gudana ta hanyar hanyar kwanciyar hankali tare da kafa ainihin zafi lokacin da babu sanyi a dare.
Ta yaya yara ƙanana
Matasa girma shine mafi sauƙi ana yada shi akan tsire-tsire.
Uwar shuka tana samar da ɗamara masu yawa, a ƙarshen abin da aka kafa rosettes ganye. Ana aiwatar da ragowa a ƙarshen Mayu.
Idan sarari da ke kusa da tsire-tsire ya ba da izini, zaku iya kwance ƙasa, matsi da "jaririn", yafa kansa a ƙasa, ruwa. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci sai suka ɗauki tushe, suna samar da ci gaba mai rufi. Kuna iya kammala abun da ke ciki tare da tsarin duwatsun - zane mai ban sha'awa na gidan bazara.
Wani zaɓi: don rarrabe maɓallin (soket tare da gashin baki) daga mahaifiyar shuka da shuka daban (wuri a cikin rami, zurfafa gashin-baki a cikin ƙasa).
A wasu nau'ikan, matakai suna haɓakawa a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki. Bayan ɗan lokaci, sukan yi - tattara da shuka a kan gado don girma. Pre-garwaya ƙasa zuwa zurfin of 5 cm, ruwa. Zai fi kyau shuka shuka da yawa don girma samfuran inganci.
Dandalin da ya dace don girma matasa
Babban yanayin ci gaban nasara shine yanki mai buɗewa tare da hasken rana - bushes ɗin zai kasance mai ɗaure, riƙe launuka masu launuka. Yankunan damp suna contraindicated, fadowa ganye daga bushes da itatuwa na iya cutar da shuka.
Needsasa tana buƙatar haske, sako-sako, tare da malalewa mai kyau, rashi ne tsaka tsaki ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin alkaline. Ya isa ya tsarmar kasar gona da yashi da yashi. Tare da ƙarancin ƙasa mai gina jiki, rafukan ganye suna da girma, amma launi ba shi da cikakke.
Shuka da ango a cikin lambun
Inda za a dasa matasa a gonar
Dasa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ana iya aiwatar da shi daga bazara zuwa tsakiyar Satumba (saboda tsirrai suyi ƙarfi da hunturu).
Nisa tsakanin bushes ɗin an ƙaddara shi gwargwadon girman shuka (ƙarami ko "ƙattai") da fifikon farin ciki. Nisa mafi kyau shine 5-10 cm. Kuna iya dasa shi a wani ɗan nesa nesa daga junan ku, sannan ku zub da yashi na bakin ciki tsakanin tsirrai, ku sanya mayukan cikin tsari mai rikitarwa.
A cikin kula da shuka, kusan babu abin da za a yi.
Don haɓaka al'ada na kabeji zomo, hazo na halitta ya isa, ruwa kawai a lokacin fari. Sassauya kasar gona lokaci-lokaci.
Har zuwa lokacin girman, za a buƙaci weing daga ciyawa mai ciyawa - a nan gaba, tsirin zai ƙaurace musu.
Ba ya buƙatar miya mai maimaitawa, amma idan ganye na ganye na birgima, ya kamata a yi amfani da takaddun ma'adinan ma'adinai a cikin nau'in ruwa.
Ta yaya matasa hunturu a bude ƙasa
Manyayen tsirrai na hunturu da kyau ba tare da tsari a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Matasa tsire-tsire, kuma, idan ana sa ran hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, ya kamata a rufe shi da rassan spruce.
Juyawa
Bayan shekaru 3-5 na tsiro, tsiro ya zama mai cunkoson jama'a, faratunan ganye ya zama ƙarami - ya kamata a dasa. Hannun tsire-tsire suna da haƙuri sosai, amma dole ne a yi wannan kafin tsakiyar Satumba.
Cutar da kwari
Idan tayi ruwa na dogon lokaci, soket na iya juyawa. Da farko sun zama masu haske, sannan kuma suka zama launin ruwan kasa kuma suka zama “jelly”. Kawai cire su daga shafin. Yana da kyau cewa aiwatarwar ba ta amfani da tsire-tsire makwabta.
Mahimmin lahani ga shuka ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar larvae na Mayiri irin ƙwaro - suna cinye tushen da tushe daga tushe. Idan rukunin yanar gizon yana lalata da waɗannan kwari, yana da kyau a juyar da ƙananan yara zuwa wani wuri. Ana cire Larvae da hannu, ana amfani da tarkuna. Magana mai zurfi na kaka, aikace-aikacen takin mai magani na nitrogen ga makircin yana taimakawa, a cikin tsirowar tsiro na bazara daga ƙamshi, ciyawar tsiro ko lupins.
Wataƙila shan kashi na aphids, kwari - gudanar da magani tare da maganin kashe kwari.
Imani da almara
A cewar almara na tarihi na Turai, matasa sun sadaukar da Torah, allahn Scandinavia na walƙiya da tsawa. Dangane da umarnin Sarki Charles Mai Girma, an dasa kararraki a saman rufin gidaje don kare kai daga yajin aiki.
Shigar da ganyen ganye tare da ruwan inabin ta zama maganin guba. An kuma yi imanin cewa ɗaukar rosette na dutse ya tashi tare da kare shi daga cizon kunama. Tinan tincture da aka shirya bisa ga girke-girke na musamman sun inganta hangen nesa da ji na mutum. Mawaƙan sun kuma yaba wa tsirran: a cikin aikin "A kan Kayayyakin Dabbobi" an ba da hankalin matasa a cikin layuka 36 (layuka 6 fiye da na fure).
A Rasha, ƙawatattun rubbed ganye na kunniyan shuka don ƙara ƙarfin haske.
Iri da nau'ikan samari don buɗe ƙasa
Yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna da yawa - kusan samfurori 60, masu shayarwa an ƙara zuwa jerin nau'ikan sama da 4,000.
Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri.
Sharar gida na Sempervivum tectorum
Sharar gida na Sempervivum tectorum
Siffar kwandon shara ne, dan kadan flawn, diamita shine 4-15 cm faranti ganye mai fasali ne, babba, mai nuna alama. Ganyayyaki kore ne, nasihun suna da burgundy launuka, akwai nau'ikan launuka-tagulla da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Peduncle pubescent, mai yawan rufe da ganye, ya kai tsawo na 60 cm. M furanni. Lokacin fure yana faruwa ne a watannin bazara kuma yakan ɗauki kwanaki 45.
Yaran matasa Sempervivum soboliferum
Yaran matasa Sempervivum soboliferum hoto
Girman danshi mai sikelin yakai kimanin cm 5. ladawon buɗe ido na gilashi mai haske tare da fiɗaɗɗun launuka. Furanni masu launin kore ko launin rawaya mai launi.
Kankuniyar Sempervivum Calcareum
Matashi mai ƙaramar dutse Sempervivum Calcareum hoto
Fuskokin ganye masu launin shuɗi-shudi ne mai launi, an kawata tukwicin masu launuka masu launin shuɗi, diamita na kanti yakai kusan 7.5 cm Tsayin farfajiyar ya kai cm 30, furanni suna launin shuɗi masu launi.
Matasa cobweb Sempervivum arachnoideum
Matasa cobwebby Sempervivum arachnoideum hoto
Tushen rosette mai sihiri ne, ya ɗan lalace a saman, tare da diamita na kusan cm 4 faranti Leaf tare da ɗan ƙaramin nasihun. Launi mai launin kore ne mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke ƙaruwa zuwa kaka. Godiya ga pubescence, da alama da yanar gizo brader. Furannin furanni masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana a ƙarshen rabin Yuli.
Sempervivum manyan-Sempervivum grandiflorum
Sempervivum manyan-hotunan hoto na Sempervivum grandiflorum
Rosettes sun kasance sako-sako, suna da diamita kusan 2.5 cm, faranti masu launin fleshy ne. A kan fi na peduncles game da 20 cm high, rawaya furanni fure. Zai fi dacewa girma a cikin kasa acidic.
Matasa Pitton Sempervivum Pittonii
Matashi Pitton Sempervivum Pittonii hoto
Leavesarancin ganyayyaki suna samar da Rosette tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 5. Ganyayyaki masu ganye suna fitowa, kore a launi, tare da tukwicin burgundy. Tsayin tsiro na fure shine 12 cm, furanni masu haske launin shuɗi.
Matasa na Rasha Sempervivum ruthenicum
Matasa na Rasha Sempervivum ruthenicum hoto
Gefen ganye mai faɗin 20-35 cm a diamita. Fuskokin ganye suna da fadi, masu kamanni. Peduncle ya kai tsayin 35 cm, farfaɗinsa, an rufe shi ta dukkan bangarorin ta hanyar ganye. The sako-sako da corymbose inflorescence kunshi furanni rawaya tare da diamita of game da 10 cm.
Sempervivum globiferum matasa
Matashi mai ɗaukar hoto-Sempervivum globiferum mai ɗaukar hoto
Diamita na ƙarancin ganye shine 3-5 cm, ganye suna ƙanana, kore. Furen furanni ya kara 15 cm, ya ƙare tare da laima mara nauyi, furanni masu launin shuɗi-masu launi.
Sempervivum marmoreum marmaraum
Sempervivum marmoreum marmaraum hoto
Karamin kwandon shara tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 10. Yana fasalin launuka masu launin shuɗi, gefuna da fiɗa masu launin kore. Furen furanni tare da farin iyaka.
Matasa harbe dwarf ko dwarf Sempervivum pumilum
Matasa girma na ƙarami ko dwarf hoto Sempervivum pumilum
Abubuwan waje suna da kankanta: har zuwa 2.5 cm a diamita. Launi mai launin kore ne, firan ganye suna nuna, kamar an rufe shi da cilia. Yana blooms a ƙarshen Yuni. An yi wa furannin shunayya masu launin shuɗi da shunayya tare da duhun duhu mafi gudana a tsakiyar.
Matasa Caucasian Sempervivum dabbobin ruwan
Matasa Caucasian Sempervivum caucasicum hoto
Tare da diamita na fure a cikin murabba'in 4 cm, tsayin dutsen ya kai cm 20 Launi na corollas shine lilac-purple, violet. Lokacin dasa, tabbatar da ƙara alli zuwa ƙasa.
Juvenile Wolfen Sempervivum wulfenii
Matasa Wolfen Sempervivum wulfenii hoto
Zai fi kyau a shuka wannan nau'in akan ƙasa na alkaline. Fuskokin ganye suna da furfura, mai launin shuɗi, launi a ƙasan waje, diamita na kanti yakai 5 cm .. Itaccan fure ta tashi daga 15-25 cm Furannin suna da ruwan lemun tsami, a gindi akwai wurin da ke launin shuɗi.
Sempervivum a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Sempervivum a cikin hoton zane mai faɗi
A bisa ga al'ada, ana amfani da ƙananan yara don ƙirƙirar ci gaba mai magana, shimfiɗe ta kan iyakoki. Asymmetric, sako-sako da Fit ya bayyana a karni na sha takwas. An dasa tausayi a kan tsaunukan maɗaukakiyar tuddai, rafin kudu, zaku iya dasa gazebos a kan rufin.
Abokan haɗin da suka dace a cikin dasa tsire-tsire sune saxifrages, dutse-dutse. Kada ku haɗa shi da amfanin gona na lush.
