Tabbas, yawancin yan lambu sun sani cewa kusan duk wani amfanin gona yana buƙatar dasa kowace shekara a sabon wuri (wannan ya zama dole saboda ƙasa ba ta yankewa ba). Dankali ba banda. Gaskiya ne, don cika wannan buƙata wajibi ne don nuna hikima mai ban mamaki. Tabbas, idan ba wuya a sami sabon yanki don karamin gado na karas ba, to akwai matsala don dankali, saboda yawanci ana sanya babban ɓangaren gonar don dasa shi. Don haka yadda za a shuka ciyawar dankalin turawa mai kyau ba tare da lalacewar ƙasa ba? Yankin da ya dace daga wannan halin shine amfanin siderates (tsire-tsire waɗanda ke wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan gano abubuwa).
Wani aiki ne siderates yi?
A zahiri, kore taki na iya maye gurbin takin zamani da ya saba da dankali. A lokacin girma, tsire-tsire kore (yawanci sun haɗa da oats, mustard, rapeseed, hatsin rai, da dai sauransu) ba su ɗauka ba, amma, akasin haka, ba da abubuwan gina jiki ga ƙasa. Dangane da wannan, ciyawar kore tana taimaka wa masu lambu su jimre da ayyuka masu yawa:
- rage yiwuwar cututtuka daban-daban a cikin tsire-tsire;
- saturate ƙasa tare da nitrogen, phosphorus da sauran abubuwan gano abubuwa, waɗanda daga baya suka ba da izinin amfanin gonar kayan lambu da kyau;
- inganta haɓakar ƙasa (sanya shi kwance);
- yawan ciyawa;
- ba ku damar kawar da kwari da yawa waɗanda ke lalata amfanin gonar dankalin turawa.
Abin da amfanin gona za a iya amfani dashi azaman siderates?
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, ciyawar kore itace wacce aka shuka domin wadatar da kasar gona da kayan abinci daban-daban. Al'adun da ke gaba suna cika wannan aikin:
- Leg Legas: lupine, Peas, chickpeas, Clover, Clover da sauransu.
- Cruciferous: mustard, fyade, turnip, colza, radish mai da sauransu.
- Cereals: hatsin rai, alkama, sha'ir, hatsi, masara da sauransu.
Wanne al'ada don dakatar da zaɓin ya dogara da mazaunin bazara. Muna ƙara kawai cewa thatwararrun lambu don dankali mafi yawancin lokuta suna amfani da legumes.
Yaushe shuka siderata?
Siderata za a iya shuka a cikin bazara, bazara da kaka. Kowane zaɓi ya bambanta da juna a cikin yawan lambobi da wasu ƙananan ka'idoji. Yanzu zamuyi magana akan su.
Shuka shuka
Don dasa shuki na noman kore, yana da al'ada amfani da amfanin gona waɗanda ke tsayayya da sanyi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da oats, mustard, fatseliya, da dai sauransu. Dole ne a yi girbi game da makonni 3-4 kafin dasa dankali. Lokacin da lokacin da ya dace don dasa tushen amfanin gona, an yanke gefen gefen gefen hagu don wani makonni biyu. Bayan lokaci, ana cire tsire-tsire ta amfani da mai yanke jirgin sama (ko wasu kayan aikin hannu) kuma ana rarraba su a ƙasa. Ganyen kore kore zasuyi aikin ciyawa (kare kasar gona daga bushewa, danshi mai yawa, hana ciyawa shuka).
Shuka rani
Shuka da kore kore a lokacin rani na faruwa ne kawai lokacin da ƙasa ke mai tsauri. A wannan yanayin, a watan Yuni, zaku iya ba da fifiko ga vetch, a cikin Yuli radish, da kuma a watan Agusta mustard. Kasancewar saukowa gefe ɗaya a cikin wannan jerin, yana yiwuwa a zahiri a cikin kullun don maido da darajar abinci na ƙasa.
Shuka cikin bazara
A wannan yanayin, mafi kyawun lokacin shuka siderates daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba. A wannan lokacin na shekara, mafi yawan lokuta za a zaɓi zaɓin oats da hatsin hunturu. An yanyan kayan amfanin gona aka bar su a ƙasa. A lokacin hunturu, tsirrai za su lalace kuma su wadatar da ƙasa tare da abubuwan da ake bukata. Bayan haka, zaka iya ci gaba zuwa dasa dankalin - ba za a buƙaci ƙarin takin mai magani ba.
Muna ƙara, bisa ga yawancin lambu, shuka kaka na taki kore shine zaɓi mafi kyau.
Muna girma kore taki dama
Yana da mahimmanci ba kawai sanin abin da amfanin gona za a iya amfani da shi azaman siderti ba, har ma don iya shuka su. Za'a iya raba wannan tsari zuwa matakai da yawa:
- Shuka siderates. An shuka siderata a cikin furrows, zurfin wanda ya kamata ya zama kusan cm 5 cm.
- Noma. Ganyen kore yana girma na makonni 5-6.
- Yankawa Yanke ciyawar kore yakan faru ne lokacin da tsire-tsire ya kai tsayin kusan 30-35 cm.
- Mataki na karshe shine rarraba nau'ikan ciyawa na ciyawar a farfajiyar duniya.
A lokacin da girma kore taki, kana bukatar ka tuna cewa su ma suna bukatar a musanya su, wato, idan an shuka hatsi na shekara guda, to a cikin wani dole ne ku nemi amfani da wasu al'adun, misali, mustard. Ka tuna fa ba za a bar ƙarancin ya yi tazara ba. Idan sun yi fure, za su zama marasa amfani.
Gabaɗaya, ciyawar kore tana da matukar muhimmanci yayin girma dankali. Gaskiya ne wannan lokacin da aka bunkasa wannan al'adar a manyan yankuna. Idan duk ayyukan da ke sama an yi su daidai, yawan dankali daga 1 ha zai karu sosai. Bugu da kari, zaku iya mantawa game da kwari da ke shafar amfanin gona.
