Ganin gadaje da ciyawa a yau ana ɗaukarsu ba shahararrun zane bane na ƙirar manyan tafkunan lambun. Amma a cikin ƙirar kowane irin kayan ƙasa da ke da yanayin zafi, akwai matsala guda ɗaya da duk masu zanen kaya ke fuskanta: ban da hatsi, yana da wuya a sami amfanin gona waɗanda za su yi ado da kandami tare da fure a cikin rabin na biyu na lambun. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu wuya da ba za a iya jurewa ba za a iya danganta su da pontederia - perennial a bakin teku tare da ganyayyaki masu ban sha'awa da shunayya masu launin shuɗi waɗanda ba ƙasa da su ba.
Pontederia mai laushi (Pontederia stringata). JANKUITMarigayi mai ban mamaki-ban mamaki na fadama da tafkunan
Ana yin la'akari da Pontederia daidai ɗayan tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci don ƙirar tafkunan ruwa da gadaje. An yaba da farko saboda m, manyan, ganye mai haske, amma fure shima ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. An gano wannan nau'in a ƙarshen ƙarni na 16, amma ya sami sunan sa na yanzu kusan ƙarshen, kawai a ƙarni na 18 (a lokacin ne aka sanya sunan Pontederia bayan almara na Italiyanci na almara). A dabi'a, pontederia ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ƙasa mai siliki da kuma ruwa mai ƙima kusan ko'ina cikin Hemisphere na Yammacin, kuma ana samunsa a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma yankuna masu canjin yanayi. 'Yan arewaci suna zaune a Kanada, amma har yanzu basu da isasshen girma don yin girma a cikin tafkunan lambunanmu.
Bayanai (Pontederia) karamin asalin halitta ne na gaɓar tekun da ke da nau'o'in 8 tare da tsauri, rhizomes na kwance waɗanda ba sa haɗuwa da tsokanar zalunci da haɓakawa a cikin ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa da kyawawan bushes. Hakan baya samun karfin iko, baya takurawa wasu tsirrai kuma yana jin daɗin haɗuwa da nau'ikan nau'in rairayin bakin teku.
Ganyen pontederia koyaushe suna da kama-da-sikari, ba a barin su ko lanceolate, suna zaune akan dogayen petioles. Babban, har zuwa 25 cm, sun fita waje tare da launi mai kyau da farfajiya mai kyawu. Flow a cikin wannan tsararrakin yana fara daga baya fiye da sauran albarkatu na gabar teku. Yawancin inflorescences masu fasalin launuka masu launin shuɗi-violet ko launi na Lilac suna da lacy kuma duk da haka suna da yawa. Fulawa da dalar ruwa ta fara a lokacin bazara, amma ya ƙare ne kawai a tsakiyar kaka, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi.
Iri da nau'ikan pontederia
A matsayin tsire-tsire mai ado, jinsuna ɗaya ne kawai ke girma - Pontederia mai kirki (Sananniyar igiyar waya). A baya can, an bambanta jinsunan daban. Sanarwar layin waya (Sanarwar lanceolata), amma a yau an haɗa shi cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan pontederias kuma ba a la'akari da shi daban-daban.
Pontederia mai kirki (Sananniyar igiyar lantarki) wata yar asalin Bahaushe ce wacce ba ta da tushe kuma mai zurfin tsayi har zuwa santimita 60. Itace tana haɓakawa a farkon farawa mai kyau da zagaye zagaye, sannu a hankali ta daidaita, amma tana ƙara samun lamuran da ke kama da kayan gini na kayan ado. Yankin da yawa har zuwa 25 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 18 cm fadi tashi sama da ruwa akan doguwar falo. Faranti suna da kauri da kauri, amma suna haskakawa cikin rana, suna sa abubuwan ban sha'awa su zama masu ban sha'awa. Launin ganye ba shukar bane, amma kore ne mai kauri, kuma danshi koyaushe yana da haske sosai. Gindi mai siffa da zuciya da kuma gefen murfin lanceolate ko rabe-rabe na ganye suna kama da tsauraran bayanai kusan marasa aibu.
Ko da sosai matasa pontederias samar da yawa peduncles, wanda, ban da inflorescences lashe su, is located kuma yayi kama da kayan yau da kullun. Kunnen inflorescences yana da girma, mai yawa, shuɗi biyu-fure mai launin shuɗi ko violet mai fure tare da haske, launi mai haske mai haske-lilac yana zaune a ciki. Siffar inflorescence yayi kama da kwaɗi na reeds, amma tsarin yadin da aka saka shi yana ba shi hasken gani. Duk da cewa da wuya a rarrabe furanni daban-daban, yakamata mutum yayi zurfin bincike a kan tunanin. Liarshen leben furanni furanni uku ne, lebe na sama mai kauri ne, amma an yi masa ado da wasu launuka masu haske. Amma mafi yawan abubuwan da ba a saba da su ba a cikin pontederia shine launi na kwaro da kangara. A cikin wannan al'ada suna da shuɗi. Furen abin da ke dauke da zuciya-yana farawa ne a farkon lokacin bazara, kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayin da ake ciki ana jinkirta shi har Yuli. Amma flowering ƙare, kamar yadda ya cancanci shuka shuka, lokacin da numfashin hunturu an riga an ji a gonar - a karo na biyu rabin Oktoba.
Pontederia mai laushi (Pontederia stringata). © Yuichi MommaBaya ga asali, akwai nau'ikan kayan ado da nau'ikan pontederia. Mun haɗu da wasu waɗanda suka zama ingantattun kayan gona:
- Pontederia mai laushi "Pink Pons" tare da inflorescences ruwan hoda;
- Pontederia mai laushi "Dilatata" tare da lilac-ruwan hoda, inflorescences mai tsawo;
- Pontederia mai laushi "Grey Thunder" tare da alama mai launin toka, amma a zahiri inflorescences shuɗi da manyan ganye tsawon 30 cm;
- Pontederia mai laushi "Alba" tare da furanni masu dusar kankara-fari;
- Pontederia mai ban sha'awa "Kogin Cokali" tare da shudi masu launin shuɗi da m, cokali mai kamar-kwalliya (wannan shine kawai nau'ikan pontederia mai ban sha'awa).
Wasu nau'ikan zamani suna da juriya mai sanyi, alal misali, rawanin shuɗi Crown mai haske, wanda aka sanya yankin 4a.
Tunanin girma dabarun girma a cikin babban winters
Wannan ingantaccen shuka yana da ƙarancin sanyi na hunturu, kuma, bisa ga ra'ayin da aka yarda da shi gaba ɗaya, kawai masu bushewar laushi suna iya fita a cikin tafkin, har ma a ƙarƙashin kankara, idan har ƙasa ba ta daskarewa. Pontederias bai yarda da daskarewa daga tushen ba, amma idan ana iya magance shi, za su iya overwinter a cikin tafkin. A cikin Turai, ana iya shuka 'pontederia' kuma a manta dashi, 'amma a cikin ƙasar ana iya noma shi da dabaru daban-daban. Don la'akari da cewa zaɓuɓɓukan haɓaka suna iyakance a hanya ɗaya kaɗai zai iya zama kuskure:
Tsarin gargajiya: a matsayin shuka mai ganga, wanda, tare da isowar sanyi na farko, ana fitar da shi kuma ana canza shi zuwa ɗakin kore ko wani ɗakin da ba a daskarewa ba (ana iya adana shi, alal misali, tare da tarin yawa da sauran taurari na ruwa mai zurfi da yankin bakin teku, tare da tsire-tsire daga tafkunan ruwa). Tunda tafarnuwa na girma ne a kwanduna, ba rami ko kuma dasa shuki a cikin tafkunan ba yana haifar da wata matsala.
Jin ruwa cikin ruwa: idan ana amfani da pontederia a cikin ƙirar ƙananan tafkunan, to don lokacin hunturu ana iya tura shi zuwa wuraren da daskarewa ba ta isa ƙasan ba. Wasu lambu suna motsa pontederia zuwa zurfin 1-2 m, kuma a cikin bazara sun sake komawa zuwa nutsewar 20-25 cm da aka saba.
Pontederia mai laushi (Pontederia stringata). Ryan RasmussenA cikin ƙirar gonar amfani da pontederia:
- kamar yadda karin lafazin furanni ya zana a jikin halittar ruwa;
- don ƙirƙirar kyawawan kayan ado a cikin gadaje na fure-fure da fadama (a cikin yankunan da ke daɗafan ruwa);
- domin shimfida relay na fure a cikin wani kandami;
- a cikin ƙirar yankin yanki;
- don ƙirƙirar tasirin rubutu a cikin yankin bakin teku, yin wasa akan bambanci da layuka;
- a matsayin tsabtace shuka, tace ruwa.
Pontederia yana da matukar son dabbobi da kwari: a cikin mahaifarta an san shi da sunan "ciyawar tsintsiya" (tsirrai). Amma ba wai pikes kawai ba, har ma da sauran kifayen da duk 'yan amphibians suna ƙauna don ɓoye a cikin ɓoyayyen Pontederia. Abubuwan fure na Pontederia suna jan hankalin kuliyoyi da dodo.
Mafi kyawun abokan haɗin gwiwa don pontederia: amfanin gona tare da ƙananan ganye da farkon ciyayi, tare da fure na fure a farkon lokacin, ciki har da hauttuynia, ciyawar da aka saba, Bacopa, vallisneria, buttercups, marsileia, da sauransu.
Halin da ake buƙata ta hanyar mabubban
Ya kamata a dasa wannan daskararren zamani mai zurfi sosai, 5-10 cm a kasa matakin ruwa (zurfin dasa shine 20-30 cm, amma pontederia ya girma daidai a zurfin 10 cm da 40 cm). Tare da ƙaruwa mai zurfi, tsire-tsire har yanzu ba zai mutu ba, amma ganye zai bayyana daga baya, zai zama ƙarami, elongated, fure zai kasance mai wuya. Amma a gefe guda, a cikin zurfin of 1 m, yana ruwan sanyi daidai ko da cikin masu tsananin sanyi. Sauye-sauye a cikin zurfin nutsewa a cikin shekara ba mummunan ba ne, amma ba ta son tsawaitawar yanayi da raguwar yanayin zafi. Don wannan al'ada, yana da buƙatar zaɓi ƙasa mai yumɓun abinci mai gina jiki (madadin ruwa don ruwan lili na ruwa yana da kyau kwarai). Kuna iya sa takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa, saboda manyan ganye a cikin ɗimbin yawa da sauri suna cinye abubuwan gina jiki, amma kuna buƙatar tuna game da ma'anar gwargwado.
Pontederia shuka ne mai daukar hoto. Hatta wurare mafi kyau a cikin tafkunan sun zama cikakke a gare ta. A lokacin da shading, yana sake ba irin wannan lokacin farin ciki turf na ganye da kuma kusan ba ya fure. Ya kamata a la'akari da yanayin ƙaunar zafi na shuka, tare da zaɓar mafi yawan “wuraren kwalliya” don ita da kuma mai da hankali ga ɓangarorin kudu na tafkin.
Sauko da Pontederia
Wannan tsiran tsibirin yana da kyawawa don girma cikin manyan kwanduna waɗanda zasu ba da izinin ci gaban rhizome na kwance. Kwantena na ababen ba zai zama ƙasa da cm 40 ba.
Pontederia mai laushi (Pontederia stringata). Marshall Simon MarshallKulawar Pontederia
Duk kulawa ta zama dole don shuka ta sauko ne kawai don cire bushe ko ganye mai lalacewa - tsabtace tsabtace, yankan ciyawar fure bayan fure (a cikin dumin yanayi mai kyau ana barin su don yin kwalliyar tafkin hunturu).
Pontederia hunturu
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana iya barin shuka cikin lafiya a cikin wani kandami ko fadama, amma ya kamata a ɗauka a zuciya cewa daskarewa da shuka zai haifar da mutuwarsa. Pontederia na iya yin hunturu kai tsaye a cikin ruwa kawai idan daskararren kankara bai yi kauri ba kuma ya toshe ƙasa. A tsakiyar layi, ana shirya tsire-tsire daban don hunturu. Bayan sanyi na farko, yawanci ana amfani da pontederia zuwa zurfin 1 m (ko dan kadan ƙari), an sanya shi a gaban furannin ruwa da sauran al'adun teku mai zurfi. Zurfin da ke ƙasa 1.5 m ba a so. Amma dabarar da ta fi dacewa ita ce tsabtace pontederia na hunturu a cikin kowane ɗakin da ba na daskarewa ba, tare da sauran albarkatu na ruwa. Zai iya hibernate a cikin tubs cike da ruwa a cikin babban akwati, tare da tsayawa akai ko kuma a cikin yashi.
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Pontederia yana jan hankalin ba kwari masu amfani kawai ba, har ma da kwari. Wannan inji yana da matukar son aphids, musamman ma a kusancin amfanin gona da ke kamuwa da shi a gadaje na fure kusa. Yin gwagwarmaya ba tare da cirewa da kuma ware ganima tare da kwari ba shi da matsala saboda mummunan tasirin sunadarai a kan yanayin yanayin tafki.
Maganin Pontederia
Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai sauƙin shuka, wanda za'a iya samu daga tsaba da kuma ciyayi. Pontederias sun rabu sosai, baya tsoron raunin rhizome, amma ya kamata a aiwatar da hanyar kawai a mataki na ciyawar su. Zai fi kyau a yada wannan al'ada kawai lokacin da ta bar yanayin damuwa, a ƙarshen bazara. Kuna iya rarrabe bushes cikin manyan rabe, zuwa kashi biyu ko uku (tushen mai ƙarfi da yawan ci gaba dole ne ya kasance cikin kowace rarrabuwa), ko kuma kawai a fasa "yanke" - ganye tare da yanke rhizome. Pontederias yana da tushe sosai kuma ya daidaita, da sauri ya zama ci gaba. Sau da yawa don yaduwa, ana amfani da tushen da ke fitowa daga buɗewar akwati. Plantsanan tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar girma daban, za a iya dasa su nan da nan a cikin manyan kwanduna kuma a sa cikin tafkunan.
Pontederia mai laushi (Pontederia stringata). Phil.D.Ta hanyar yaduwar shuka ta iri shima shima mai sauki ne. Ana iya shuka su a kowane lokaci, daga bazara zuwa bazara a cikin ƙasa mai laima sosai. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin zafi, a ƙarƙashin fim ko gilashi tare da samun iska da kuma matsakaicin matakin zafi, harbe suna fitowa da sauri, amma har sai da cikakken ganye ya bayyana, ba a tura su zuwa ga lambun ruwan kuma ana kiyaye su da ban ruwa mai nauyi sosai. Matasa tsire-tsire na farko suna girma a cikin ƙananan ƙananan tafkuna na hannu, kuma kawai lokacin da tushen ya zama mai ƙarfi isa kuma ana canja shi zuwa wuri mai ɗorewa.
