Kwararrun masu girbi na fure mai yiwuwa sun san menene begonia. Bayan duk wannan, wannan shine mafi shahararrun kwayoyin halitta a cikin iyalin Begonia, gami da jinsin sama da dubu. Matsayi na al'ada na begonias shine gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da kuma wurare masu ban sha'awa da yankuna masu kwari na Amurka, Asiya da Afirka.
A karo na farko, duniya ta sami masaniya da wannan tsiron saboda godiya da bayanan kwararren masanin kimiyyar faransa Charles Plumier. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin 1687 yayin balaguron kimiyya zuwa Antilles, wanda aka gayyaci wannan kwararren masanin.
Wanda ya fara wannan karatun shi ne Michel Begon, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan San Domingo (yammacin Haiti). Bayan ya yi tuntuɓe a kan wata shuka da ba a san ta ba tukuna, Charles bai yi tunanin dogon suna ba. A ƙarshe, ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da shi ga gwamna. Daga baya, sai aka fara samun wannan tsiro a wasu wurare na duniya.
Siffofin begonias
Babban mashahurin begonias shine ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a yau ma suna tsunduma cikin aikin namo a gida. Koyaya, a cikin ɗakin ya juya ya zama tsaruwa, bai wuce girman 50 cm ba.
Begonia jan hankalin na ado hange ganye da furanni waɗanda za'a iya ɗauka yayin haɗuwa don wardi, peonies ko camellias. Cikin gida begonia shiga cikin lokaci na fure a farkon watan bazara, ci gaba da farantawa mai shi rai har ƙarshen kaka.
Yawancin nau'in nau'in begonia yana ba ku damar jin dadi ba kawai palette mai launin launi, wanda ya haɗa da fari, ja, rawaya, ruwan hoda, burgundy, cream da sauran inuwa. Hakanan tana jin daɗi da wani sabon abu, wanda zai iya zama mai sauƙi, mai ɗaure, fringed, terry ko ampel.
Kula da amonia a cikin gida
Idan kuna son begonia don faranta muku tare da kyawawan furanni a kowace kakar, to, a ranar farko tana buƙatar tabbatar da motsawar da ta dace. Shuka wannan fure a cikin wani ɗaki ba shi da wuya.
Kuma, duk da cewa ana shuka wannan tsire-tsire marasa amfani kuma yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtuka daban-daban, amma, har yanzu ya zama dole bi wasu ka'idodi lokacin girma. Daga nan begonia zata yi farinciki da shishigi daga farkon bazara har zuwa lokacin kaka.
A lokacin rani, begonia na iya kawo daɗin daɗin daɗaɗa idan an watsa ta daga tukunya a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Don kula da wannan shuka wajibi ne ba kawai a lokacin rani ba, har ma a cikin hunturu.
- Aiki na wajibi a wannan lokacin na shekara shine fitar da harbe, wanda aka yi bayan fure kuma a farkon alamun mutuwar ganye da kuma mai tushe. Ana iya kiyaye tubers ɗin da kansu a cikin ƙasa mai bushe.
- A wannan lokaci na shekara, ba a buƙatar riƙon ƙiba ba. Za'a iya adanar ganyayyaki a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci, inda suke ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau saboda rashin haske da ƙarancin zafin jiki + 10 ... + 12 digiri Celsius.
- Da farkon bazara, ana shuka tubers a cikin tukunya, kuma daga wannan lokacin ne suka fara gudanar da ruwa na yau da kullun.
- Wani lokacin shuka yakan fitar da tsiro da yawa. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar cire komai banda ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin harbe mai ƙarfi.
Dole zafin jiki da dokokin shayarwa
Begonia ya fi girma a gida, idan zazzabi dakin ya kasance + 14 ... + 22 digiri Celsius. Idan ya yi zafi sosai, kuma zazzabi ya hau zuwa + digiri 25 Celsius, to wannan mummunan ya shafi ci gaban begonia.
Lokacin kwanciya digiri don ajiyar hunturu, suna buƙatar tabbatar da duhu da yanayin zafin jiki tsakanin + 5 ... + 12 digiri Celsius. Yana da matukar muhimmanci hakan da yawan zafin jiki ya kasance akai, kuma babu wasu abubuwan zayyana.
Lokacin girma a cikin hunturu, ba a bukatar ruwa a riya, amma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zaka iya ƙara ruwa a cikin kwanon rufidon guje wa bushewa na tubers. Ana adana ganyen a cikin peat ko yashi domin ajiyar kaya, wanda kuma yakamata a adana shi danshi.
A lokacin rani aiwatar da ruwa mai yawaduk da haka, sun fara yin wannan ne kawai bayan danshi daga danshi daga saman ƙasan ƙasa. Tuni a cikin Oktoba, fara farawa ruwa da ƙarancin kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan.
Tun da tuber begonia yana da tushen ci gaba waɗanda suke kusa da farfajiya, a lokacin fure, dole ne a samar da shuka tare da matsakaicin yawan danshi.
Koyaya, dole ne a kula don tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya tsayawa, in ba haka ba wannan na iya haifar da jujjuyawar asalin sa. Haramun ne a zuba ruwa kawai a tsakiyar fure. Idan kunyi haka sau da yawa, to, yana iya tsokanar Rot Rot na ƙwayar cuta.
Haske da zafi
Don haɓaka al'ada a cikin ɗakin da begonia yayi girma, dole ne ya kasance haske mai rarrabuwa. Tabbatar kare shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Begonia na iya zama ƙarƙashin rana mai haske kawai 'yan awanni na safe ko da yamma. Wannan zai amfane ta, musamman a ƙarshen bazara, lokacin da yawan zafin iska ya fara sauka.
Bamu da cewa begonia tsire-tsire masu zafi, yana buƙatar samar da babban zafi iska ba ƙasa da 60%.
- Yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da feshin ruwa a farkon bazara, amma kafin lokacin farkon ya yi fure. Danshi a cikin petals ne fra banyere tare da cewa sun fara juya launin rawaya, saboda haka ya fi kyau fesa cikin iska kusa da kewaye na fure.
- A lokacin rani akwai ranakun da rana ta fara yin gasa mai ƙarfi. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne don aiwatar da ƙarin sanyaya na begonia. Don yin wannan, ana iya sanya kwandon furen tare da furanni a jikin wata karamar pallet cike da pebbles rigar. Ana bayar da sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar nutsar da tukunya a cikin peat ko ciyawa.
Manyan miya
Don yayi girma begonias a gida, ya zama dole don shirya canjin da ya dace, wanda yakamata ba kawai ya zama mai hazaka ba, har ma yana da tsaka tsaki na rashin lafiyar.
Yakamata a sanya miya kowane kwanaki 10-12. Ciyar da shuka, ya fi kyau a kula da waɗannan abubuwan:
- hasken ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau da kuma yawan zafin jiki a cikin dakin, kuma, tunda a cikin yanayi mai kyau da ciyarwa ana ɗaukar nauyi sosai.
- takin shuka ya zama da yamma, sa'o'i 2-3 kafin farkon ciyarwa, yakamata ƙasa ta kasance mai da hankali;
- Tabbatar cewa takin bai shiga cikin hulɗa da begonia ba.
Kar a overdo shi! Wataƙila shi mafi mahimmancin ra'ayi lokacin hadi da fure, saboda wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da fure toxicosis, daga baya kuma ya mutu.
Haka kuma, an bada shawarar barin amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen. Bayan duk wannan, tasirin daga gare su zai zama cikakke daban da wanda tsire-tsire ke buƙata: saboda sinadarin nitrogen, mai tushe ya zama mai ruwa, kuma wannan yana ƙaruwa da damar lalacewar su.
Yadda ake yaɗa begonia
Don samun sababbin bushes, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na haifuwa: shuka iri, rarrabe ƙwayoyin, cuttings.
Mafi kyawun duka yi amfani da ƙwaya ko ƙwayatunda Begonia girma daga gare su, rike da halaye na uwa shuka. Ta hanyar shuka tsaba, ba shi yiwuwa a cimma wannan sakamako.
Idan kuna son samun sabbin nau'ikan gida a gida, ana bada shawarar amfani dashi don yaduwa hanyar shuka iri. To, a cikin shekara guda kawai zaka iya samun babban adadin sababbin tubers waɗanda suke da kyawawan kayan kayan ado na tsire-tsire na fure.
Koyaya, kuna buƙatar shirya nan da nan don gaskiyar cewa haifuwa ta tsaba zai buƙaci ƙoƙari da yawa. Ya kamata a lura cewa girma begonia daga tsaba yana da furanni daban-daban na mata, wanda za'a iya tantance shi ta hanyar bayyanar.
Idan ya cancanta, kuna iya gudanar da aikin wucin gadiamfani da buroshi don fenti. A sakamakon haka, a lokacin rani 'ya'yan itace zasu yi girma a cikin kwalin dauke da kananan tsaba, kuma daga cikinsu zaku iya samun sabbin furanni.
Yadda ake girma begonia daga tsaba
Seeding bada shawarar a shirya don Sabuwar Shekara. Hakanan yana halatta a aiwatar da ita dan wani dan lokaci har izuwa farkon farkon watan Fabrairu. Kafin shiga jirgi kuna buƙatar shirya da ƙasa mai kyau, wanda yakamata ya kasance yana da haske don haka danshi yana da kyau.
Mixtureasar cakuda da aka shirya akan dunƙule takardar, yashi kogin humus a cikin rabo 1: 1: 2 ana ɗauka mafi kyau duka. sanya tsaba a farfajiya. Basu buƙatar binne su.
Bayan wannan, ana shayar da plantings tare da ruwa a zazzabi a zazzabi a ɗakin ta amfani da bindiga mai feshi. Na gaba, akwatin iri rufe da gilashi da canjawa wuri zuwa batir. Tsaba suna shukawa da sauri idan zazzabi ya kasance + 24 ... + 27 digiri Celsius a cikin ɗakin.
Mahimmanci kullun aiwatar da feshin ruwa, iska. Wannan ya zama dole musamman a matakin zuriya, saboda hakan zai taimaka wajen nisantar da iskar gas da ke fitowa akan gilashin akan shukokin.
Kula da seedling
A cikin mako guda daga bayyanar seedlings, ana iya canjawa da seedlings zuwa wuri mai sanyaya. Lokacin da fewan weeksan makonni suka wuce, za a iya cire gilashin gaba ɗaya.
Ganin cewa a cikin hunturu, sa'o'in hasken rana gajere ne, seedlings bukatar a fadada ta amfani da phytolamp, wanda aka haɗe don 3-5 a safiya da maraice.
Lokacin da sauran makonni uku suka shude kuma tsiron ya yi ganye biyu, daukar hoto. A karo na farko, ana shuka tsire-tsire nesa ba kusa da 2-3 cm daga juna. Wata daya daga baya, da na gaba sama ne da za'ayi.
Yanzu nisan da ke tsakanin tsiran ya karu zuwa cm 5-6. Aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako bukatar ciyarwa: Don yin wannan, yi amfani da tsararren maganin ma'adinan ma'adinai.
Lokacin da tsayayyar yanayin yanayi yake tashi, wanda yawanci yakan faru a watan Mayu, seedlings dasawa cikin tukwane daban tare da damar 0.5 lita.
Kafin saukowa a gindin, yana da zama dole don sanya magudanar ruwa tare da wani yanki na cm cm 12. An riga an aza shi ƙasa ƙasa wadda aka shirya daga ƙasa, humus da yashi, an ɗauka a cikin rabo na 4: 1: 1.
Daga cikin shahararrun tsire-tsire na ornamental, begonia tsaye a waje, wanda yawancin lambu tare da ƙwarewar sani game da. A kan bango na sauran dangi, ita daban-daban kyawawan furanni. A yau ana iya girma a gida, saboda wannan tsire-tsire ne wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, saboda haka ba za a sami matsala ta musamman lokacin girma da kula da shi ba.
