Dahlias

Dahlias (Dahlia) suna da alaƙa kai tsaye ga dangin aster. Irin wannan shuka shine ɗayan furanni masu ban sha'awa da furanni waɗanda aka girma a cikin lambun. Dahlias suna da launuka masu kyau dabam dabam, furanni kuma suna iya samun launuka iri-iri. Sun yi fure mai tsayi, wanda yakan daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara har zuwa lokacin sanyi na farko, kuma wannan shine mahimmancin amfanin dahlias. Sun shiga cikin kasashen Turai kawai a ƙarshen karni na 18 daga Mexico. Dahlia an nada shi wannan hanyar ne kawai a cikin 1803 by the Botanist C. Wildenau. Ya sanya sunan wannan fure don girmamawa ga masanin ilimin kimiyya na St. Petersburg I. Georgi, wanda ya kasance sanannen malamin adabi, masanin ilimin dabbobi da kuma masanin ƙasa. Akwai nau'ikan 13 dahlias iri 13, amma akwai kusan iri 15,000.

Siffofin Girma

Iri daban-daban, siffofi da launuka na ire-iren waɗannan tsire-tsire sun sha bamban sosai. Zasu iya yin ado da gado na fure da layin iyaka. Kuma idan ana so, ana iya amfani dashi azaman ko guda ko fure na cikin gida. Irin waɗannan kyawawan furanni ana rarrabe su ta hanyar banƙyamarsu kuma ba motsin rai ba. Idan ka zaɓi wuri mai kyau don dasa shuki tare da ƙasa mai dacewa, da ciyarwa da shayar da shuka daidai, zai yi girma sosai da sauri tare da ɓarna. Tsarin tsakiyar bazara shine mafi kyawun lokacin don siyan tubers Dahlia. Lura cewa dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfi, masu-rai, kuma suna da gajarta, amma a fili suke rarrabe abubuwa masu tsiro. Idan cutar ta yi laushi ko ta bushe, to ba a ba da shawarar siyan ta ba.

Babban iri tare da hotuna

Tsarin waɗannan tsirrai suna da alaƙa da tsarin da kuma irin furen da kansa. A halin yanzu, ana kasafta azuzuwan 12 na Dahlia. Koyaya, koyaushe sababbin azuzuwan suna bayyana kuma wannan shine saboda samuwar sabbin iri. Areasa da waɗancan nau'ikan da suka fi shahara:

Mai sauki

Suna da layi daya na fure, girman furanni shine santimita 10. Tsawon daji, a matsayin mai mulkin, baya wuce santimita 45-60. Babban nau'ikan: Princess Marie Jose ruwan hoda, Rawaya Hammer - rawaya, da Orangeade - orange-ja.

Kawancen

Akwai layuka 1 ko fiye na fure mai karami. A tsakiyar suna tubular, elongated. Zurfin diamita na inflorescences bai wuce santimita 10 ba, kuma tsayin daji na iya zama santimita 60-90. Babban nau'ikan sune launin fata mai sauƙin lilac, farin Vera Higgins da Comet ja.

Kwalalar wuya

Diamita na furanni kusan santimita 10 ne, kuma a cikin tsayin daji na iya kaiwa santimita 75-120. Akwai shinge na waje mai kan iyaka 1, kai tsaye a saman sa akwai wani layi 1 na murguda da gajere na launi daban, wanda yayi kama da abin wuya. Manyan nau'ikan sune zinari tare da Scar La Gioconda, Chimborazo cream mai launin ja, Claire de Luna cream mai launin shuɗi.

Siffar-siffa

Diamita na furanni shine santimita 12-15. Edge lebur lebur suna cikin layuka 2 ko fiye, kuma tubular petals suna cikin ɓangaren tsakiyar. Tsawon daji shine santimita 75-120. Babban nau'ikan: Symphonia Crimson ja da launin shuɗi.

Kayan ado

Matsakaicin furanni masu fure ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 25 santimita, kuma a cikin tsayin daji na iya isa santimita 60. Manyan manyan nau'ikan: karamin orange David Howard, babban kwari na Thames, har da babban Jocondo mai ruwan hoda.

Mai karafa

Zagayen furanni da ba a gama yin fure mai fure ba a diamita zai iya kaiwa santimita 8-15. Tsawon daji shine santimita 90-120. Manyan nau'ikan: Honey-ja mai launin ja-peich, ja Doreen Hayes da Esmonde rawaya.

Kwayoyin cuta

Girman diamita na fure mai sihiri shine 5 santimita ko fiye. Giram mai karancin furanni yana da ƙarshen mai zagaye ko mai laushi. Tsawon daji shine santimita 90-120. Manyan manyan nau'ikan: Hallmark lavender, light purple da Willo's violet da pinkish Noreen.

Cactus

Girman daddaɗin fure furanni na iya zama daidai da santimita 8-25 har ma da ƙari, da tsayin daji - daga 90 zuwa 150 santimita. Marginal petals ne kunkuntar, nuna da kuma bakin ciki. Babban nau'ikan: Ziyarci babba mai laushi sosai, babban Danny ruwan hoda, ƙaramin Pirouette mai rawaya, ƙaramin Ja Doris ja.

Semi-cactus

Zurfin furanni masu fure ya bambanta daga 8 zuwa 25 santimita, kuma daji mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa daga 90 zuwa 150 santimita. An haɗa furannin marginal a cikin shugabanci daga tsakiya zuwa tukwici. Babban iri: smallanana ƙaramin Rawaya mai rawaya, ƙaramin farin Swallow fari, madaidaicin babban rawaya Nantenan da Firean matattara mai ruwan sanyi.

Nymphaeum

A waje, furanni biyu suna kama da ruwan furanni na ruwa, suna da tsari daidai kuma ana bambanta su da alherin su. Dansu diamita na iya bambanta daga 7 zuwa 20 santimita, kuma a cikin daji ya kai tsawo na 70-130 santimita. Babban nau'ikan sune: Geri Hawk light pink, white white Genetta da purple Brushstrokes.

Cakuda

Wannan ya haɗa da waɗancan nau'ikan waɗanda basu yi kama da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama ba.

Koyaya, irin waɗannan furanni basu da siffofi masu fure iri daban-daban ba, har ila yau suna da palon launuka iri-iri. Don haka, zaku iya haɗuwa da baki nahlia, ko kuma baki da ja. A cikin wannan shuka, alamu na musamman - anthocyanins - sun tara. Koyaya, duk shayarwa na duniya suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Koyaya, da rashin alheri, basuyi nasara ba har yanzu, amma begen ganin wannan mu'ujiza wata rana ya ci gaba.

Yadda za a yi girma dahlias

Kiwon dahlias abu ne mai sauki, amma suna bukatar kulawa ta musamman, wanda yake daukar lokaci sosai. Don haka, a cikin kaka, zaku buƙaci tono sama, har ma ku tanada musu wurin ajiya mafi dadi. Koyaya, idan ba kwa son yin ƙoƙari sosai don shuka irin furanni, to, zaku iya amfani da tsaba don dasawa. Annuals kuma suna da matukar ban mamaki bayyanar, kuma akwai babban zaɓi na iri daban-daban: yalwatawa mai fure Coltness Hybrids waɗanda basu da launuka iri biyu, tsayin daji bai wuce santimita 50 ba; Redskin yana da ganyen tagulla; Rigoletto yana da ƙananan fure furanni; farkon Figaro da sauransu. Abubuwan da aka samo suna da shawarar don a shuka su a cikin ƙasa buɗe a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu, duk da haka, a wannan yanayin ana iya ganin masu fure kawai a ƙarshen bazara. Don kawo lokacin fure na shekara dahlias na kusa, suna bada shawarar a girma ta hanyar shuka.

Da farko kuna buƙatar shuka ƙwayoyin. Don yin wannan, zaku buƙaci ganga na filastik ko greenhouse, wanda yakamata a cika shi da yashi. Don haka, an rarraba tsaba na Dahlia a farfajiya, kuma an zuba wani yadudin yashi na bakin ciki a saman su, komai yana da kyau tare da kwalban feshin kuma an rufe shi da wani fim a saman. Germination zai ɗauki kimanin kwanaki 10, yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama aƙalla digiri 25-27. Bayan haka, utsanyen da suka bayyana sun nutse cikin kwantena. Dole ne cakuda ƙasa ya zama dole ya sha ruwa sosai kuma ya zama sako-sako. Ana iya siyan irin wannan ƙasa a kantin sayar da kaya ko kuma a shirya su da kansu, don wannan ta haɗar da ƙasa, yashi da peat, an ɗauka a cikin rabo na 2: 1: 1. Kafin ruwa na kwana uku, dole ne a kula da cakuda ƙasa, don wannan an zubar da shi tare da mafita na potassiumganganate, wanda ya kamata ya kasance mai zafi (kimanin digiri 70) kuma yana da launi mai ruwan hoda mai duhu. Itatuwan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar shayarwa kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe. Seedlings za a iya dasa shi zuwa cikin ƙasa bude a tsakiyar Mayu.

Dasa dasawa

Zaɓin wurin zama

Kafin shiga cikin dasa shuki kai tsaye na dahlias, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuri mafi dacewa a gare su. Irin wannan shuka yana rikitar da mummunar cuta ga daftarin. Koyaya, yana iya haɓakawa da haɓaka kullun kawai a cikin yanki mai iska da iska mai iska, wanda kuma za a kiyaye shi daga iskan iska. Ya kamata a zartar da ƙasar da ta dace, a wadatar da ruwa, kuma a wadataccen abinci. Acidity na ƙasa don irin wannan shuka ba shi da mahimmanci, amma ya fi kyau idan yana tsaka tsaki ne ko ɗan ƙaramin acidic. A cikin ƙasa mai acidic, pH wanda shine 5-4, ana bada shawara don ƙara lemun tsami mai kwarkwata. Kuma a cikin yanayin lokacin da pH ya wuce 8.5, an gabatar da peat a cikin ƙasa.

Lokacin tono a lokacin kaka, ana iya kara takin a ƙasa, haka kuma humus a kowace kilogram 1-5-5. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki dahlias a farfajiya na kasar gona, kuna buƙatar rarraba rarraba karamin itace na ash, har da takin da ya girma (kawai ba ganye), to, komai yana buƙatar a katange shi da rake. Domin da tsire-tsire su ji rauni ƙasa da ba lalata, gogaggen lambu shawara da cewa za a dasa su a cikin wani sabon yanki a kowace shekara. A lokaci guda, wurin da dahlias ya girma ya kamata ya huta daga waɗannan furanni don akalla shekaru 3. Hakanan, don dasa wadannan tsire-tsire, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa wanda asters ko fure mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal a baya ba.

Yadda ake shirya tubers don dasa shuki

Ya kamata a shirya shiri na Tuber a watan Afrilu. Don haka, suna buƙatar cire Tushen bushe, kazalika da wuraren da aka lalace. Don haka wajibi ne don aiwatar da wuraren wuraren yanka tare da kore. Bayan wannan, ana shirya dasa tubers a tukunya da ke cike da ƙasa mai laushi ko peat. Suna buƙatar a dasa su don haka sashin na sama ya tashi saman farfajiyar ta hanyar santimita 2-3. Bayan mako biyu, ya kamata a sanya kwandon a cikin abin da yake da kyau da dumama (aƙalla digiri 18). Bayan kodan ya bayyana, ya zama dole don raba tubers a cikin sassan. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau a tuna cewa kowane rabo yakamata ya sami koda tare da tushen wuyansa. Yana faruwa cewa daga 1 tuber ya zo 5 delenok. Delenki ya buƙaci a sake shuka shi kuma a ɗan lokaci. Bayan haka, harbe na gefen da ke da tsawo na aƙalla santimita 10 ana yanke daga gare su kuma ana dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Wadancan harbe da aka yanke ya kamata a dasa su a cikin substrate kamar su yan itace kuma a cire su a wuri mai duhu. Bayar da su da shayarwa mai kyau. Tushen tushe za'a iya dasa shi zuwa cikin bude ƙasa. Wadannan hanyoyin zasu taimaka sosai wajen yadu dahlias, tare da hana lalacewar su. Idan babu buƙata, za a iya fitar da rarraba tuber.

Dasa Dahlias a buɗe ƙasa

Kuna iya dasa dahlias a kan titi kawai bayan yanayin yayi dumi kuma ƙasa tayi zafi sosai. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan lokacin ya faɗi ne a ƙarshen kwanakin Mayu da farkon watan Yuni. Girman ramin yakamata ya wuce girman tuber kanta tare da tushen tsarin daidai sau 3 (40X40X40). Don haka, bayan da tuber ɗin ke cikin ramin, kimanin santimita 5-7 ya kamata ya kasance. A kasan da aka shirya rami, sai a sanya wani yanki na daskararren taki ko takin, a sa wani rubabben kasa a sama domin kar a ƙone tushen sa. Sannan sanya ganyen da aka toya a cikin ramin kuma a yayyafa shi da adadin ƙasa mai mahimmanci, amma saboda fewan santimita na tushe na shuka ya kasance a saman ƙasa. A cikin taron cewa an dasa dahlias masu tsayi, ana kafa cikakken tallafi nan da nan kusa da su. Lokacin da aka dasa shuka, dole ne a yayyafa shi da ruwan sanyi, kuma a yayyafa shi a farfajiya na ƙasa tare da ciyawa, ya ƙunshi sawdust ko ƙaramin itace, wanda dole ne a haɗe shi da takin ko peat. Tsarin mulch yakamata yakai kimanin santimita 5.

Dahlia Kulawa

Yadda ake ruwa

Tsarin ciyawa a farfajiya na kasar gona zai ba da kariya ga matsewa da bushewa da yalwar ƙasa, kuma hakan zai taimaka wajen kawar da buƙata don weeding da kwance ƙasa. Watering ya kamata ya kasance yalwatacce sau 1 ko sau 2 cikin kwanaki 7 (ba a ranakun ruwa ba), ka tabbata cewa ƙasa ba ta sanya ruwa ba, saboda a wannan yanayin lalata abubuwa na iya bayyana akan tsarin da sauri isa. Don rage adadin ruwa a cikin kwanakin zafi, kuna buƙatar huddle dahlias. Kafin shayar da shuka, ya zama dole don diba ƙasa wanda aka gaji da shi. Sannan a sake sha ruwa da ruwa kuma.

Manyan miya

A lokacin girma, kayan miya suna buƙatar irin waɗannan furanni sau 2 a wata, yayin da ya zama dole don amfani da takin ma'adinai da takin gargajiya, kuma suna buƙatar amfani dasu ga ƙasa a madadin. Don haka, kamar takin gargajiya, zaka iya amfani da jiko na mullein (1:10) ko tsintsin tsuntsu (1:20), kazalika da ammonium nitrate tare da gram 15 a kowace murabba'in 1. Lokacin da kodan farko suka bayyana, an ciyar da su da takin mai magani na superphosphate da potassium, yayin da 30 g na abu ana ɗaukar ta kowace lita 10 na ruwa (ana lasafta adadin don ciyar da tsirrai 8).

Prop

Tun da tushe na irin wannan fure mai m, yana da rauni sosai kuma yana iya lalacewa yayin mummunan yanayi. A wannan batun, dole ne a ɗaura shi zuwa amintaccen tallafi. A cikin abin da ya nearasa tukuna duk da haka ya karye, yana da kyau ayi ƙoƙarin sanya ƙura. Don yin wannan, ɗauki madauki mai ƙarfi kuma haɗa shi zuwa yankin da ya lalace, gyara shi. Goyi bayan kara don kada ya lanƙwasa. Idan ana yin wannan ta hanyar da ta dace kuma yana samar da dahlia da kulawa ta dace, to ko da kyawawan furanni na iya yin fure akan karar da ta lalace.

Mai jan tsami

A cikin yanayin akwai sha'awar samun furanni mafi girma da kuma mafi ban mamaki, ana bada shawarar zuwa wurin girke girke. Don haka, kuna buƙatar barin mai tushe 3 kawai. In ba haka ba, furanni za su kasance ƙanana kaɗan ba sosai ba. A kan kowane shinge kuna buƙatar cire karin buds, barin 1 ko 2. Furanni waɗanda suka fara lalacewa, suna buƙatar yanke su, saboda suna ɗaukar makamashi da yawa daga shuka. A duk tsawon lokacin, ana bada shawarar tsayi iri don yanke harbe harbe na gefen girma, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman cut. A cikin nau'ikan undersized (alal misali: murtsunguwa, pompoms), da kuma a cikin wadannan bushes da girma kadai, gefen harbe za a iya barin idan ake so.

Karin kwari

Slugs na iya yanke shawara a kan bishiyar Dahlia, da kuma 'yan kunne a jikin buds. Idan an lura da kwari, to lallai ya zama dole don gudanar da magani tare da yin ado da celandine ko tsutsa sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 7, kuma ya fi kyau a yi wannan da yamma. A kwanakin zafi, shirye-shiryen kwari daga aphids, caterpillars, thrips, da ticks suna buƙatar kulawa. Aphids shirya a kan wannan fure mafi sau da yawa. Domin kawar da shi, zaku iya bi da bushes tare da maganin soapy.

Girbi Dahlia tubers

Kuna buƙatar tono sama da tubers bayan sanyi na farko. Dukkanin ganye da Epaulettes an yanke daga gare su, kuma an yanke gajeran zuwa santimita 5-10. Akwai lambu waɗanda, kafin girbi tubers, yanke da mai tushe 'yan kwanaki kafin. Amma idan ruwa ya samu kan yanka, to a wannan yanayin yana iya fara jujjuya gindi daga tushe. A wannan batun, bayan yankan da tsire-tsire dole ne a rufe shi tare da tsare tsare na aluminum. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ƙwayayen suna da ƙusoshin ƙura, sabili da haka masanan su suna ba da shawarar fara digging da safe a cikin yanayin bushewar rana. Da maraice, wuyan yana da lokaci don bushewa kuma ya yi ƙarfi. Kuma tare da bushe tubers yana da sauƙin cire sauran ƙasar.

Tona da tubers da kyau. Tona dahlia daga bangarorin 4, yayin da santimita 30 ke buƙatar ja da baya daga tushe. Wannan zai yanke dogon tushen. Don haka dole ne a kawo cokalin a hankali a karkashin dunkin dajin ya tura shi zuwa saman. Cire soilasa kuma yada tubersan ta bushe. Dug sama tubers ya kamata a wanke tare da ruwa mai gudu (daga tiyo) daga sharan gona, wanda na iya ƙunsar ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuna buƙatar cire su akan lokaci, saboda idan dumama ta faru a faɗuwa, kodan bacci na iya farkawa, kuma wannan na iya lalata su.

Yadda za a adana dahlias a cikin hunturu

Ya kamata a saka tubers da ya bushe sosai a cikin ajiya don kada ɓarna ta bayyana a kansu. Amma bai kamata a wuce gona da iri a kansu ba, domin a lokacin bazara za su ba wa tsiran rauni.Dukkanin lalacewar na inji dole ne a yanke, kuma ya kamata a kula da waɗannan wuraren da gawayi. Don kiyaye amincin tushen wuyan, ana yayyafa su da alli ko ash.

Ya kamata a adana tumatir a cikin ɗaki mai iska, yayin da laima ya kamata ya zama kashi 60-70, kuma yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance daga digiri 3 zuwa 5. Kuna iya amfani da busasshiyar ƙasa, amma idan aka adana kayan lambu a wurin, wannan zai haifar da zafi mai zurfi, wanda zai ƙara haɗarin cutarwa da cututtukan fungal. Tubers ana bada shawara a sanya su a cikin akwati a ƙasan wanda aka zub da peat, kuma a saman su suna buƙatar cika su. Hakanan, yashi ko tsinkayen kayan kwalliya sun dace da waɗannan dalilai. Lokacin bushewa da bushewa da tubers, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da daskararren daskararru sosai. Idan babu samun iska, zaku buƙaci kunna fan din har sau 3 cikin kwanaki 7 na tsawon minti 30.

A cikin ɗakin gida, ya kamata a adana kayan dasa a cikin wuri mafi sanyi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an sanya su a cikin akwati kuma a sanya su kusa da baranda. Tubers za a iya cushe a cikin jakunkuna da aka yi da polyethylene kuma cike da yashi, sawdust ko bushe peat, sannan a ɗaure da kyau. Kuna iya kunsa kowane tuber tare da jarida kuma saka su a cikin jaka na polyethylene. Kuma sai an sanya su a cikin kwali kwali da kuma sanya su a cikin wani wuri mai kyau fairly, misali, a kan glazed loggia. Amma tuna cewa sanyi mai sanyi na iya kashe tubers.

A cikin zafi da zafi mai yawa, ana adana tubers sosai. Amma don gyara wannan yanayin zai iya paraffin, wanda ya rufe tubers. Kuna buƙatar sanya paraffin a cikin wanka na ruwa kuma jira har sai ya narke. Na 1 na biyu, nutsad da tarin kwayoyin da ke ciki, cire shi, jira na secondsan lokaci kaɗan kuma sake rage shi cikin ruwa mai sakamakon. Ya kamata a ninka irin waɗannan tubers a cikin jaka na cellophane kuma a zuba yashi, peat bushe ko sawdust a can. Ieulla ɗauri. Kafin dasa shuki irin waɗannan 'yan ƙwaya, ƙananan rubbed ne, wanda ke ba da izinin fim don ƙwanƙwasa.

A cikin hunturu, gudanar da tsare-tsare na binciken kayan dasa. Lokacin da rot ya bayyana, yana buƙatar yanke kuma yafa shi tare da wuraren yankan tare da katako na katako ko kuma a kula dashi da kore mai haske.