Smithyantha (Smithiantha) na gidan Gesneriaceae ne. Dankin yana ɗayan wakilai masu yawa na nau'in ciyawa. Wurin haifuwa asalinsa ana matsayin yankin arewaci na Kudancin Amurka. Kyakkyawan sunan smithiant an ba shi godiya ga sunan shahararren ɗan wasa Matilda Smith.
Smitianta yana nufin perennials tare da schi rhizome. Ana yin harbe-harbe a tsaye, wanda ya kai tsayi daga cm 30 zuwa 70. Ganyen da aka shirya akan harba ana shirya su da juna. A cikin taɓawa, suna da karammiski saboda ƙarfin pubescence tare da gashin kai na bakin ciki. Launin ganye yana launin ruwan kasa-kore, duhu. Ganyayyaki suna da kamannin zuciya ko sihiri. Blooms Smithyant tare da kyawawan karrarawa da aka tattara a cikin inflorescences-goga. Ana samun furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja a cikin yanayi, amma artificially bred hybrids na iya yin fure tare da fararen, ruwan hoda, ja da rawaya furanni.
Kulawar Gida
Wuri da Haske
Smitianta yana girma sosai kuma yana farantawa da fure kawai a cikin murhu mai sauƙi. Koyaya, ganye mai dumbin yawa dole ne a kiyaye shi daga haskoki kai tsaye, in ba haka ba inji zai sami ƙonewa mai ƙoshin gaske.
Zazzabi
A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, shuka za ta ji daɗi a zazzabi mai iska 23 zuwa 25. A cikin hunturu, tare da farawar ciyawar ciyayi, ingantaccen abun ciki zai kasance da zazzabi a kalla digiri 20.
Jin zafi
Smitianta koyaushe yana buƙatar babban zafi. An hana shi fesa ganyen bakinsa, don ƙarin danshi amfani da tire tare da yumɓu da aka kaɗa. Ofasan tukunyar kada ta kasance cikin danshi, in ba haka ba tushen tsarin tsiro zai iya lalacewa. A cikin zafi kadan, ganyen smithyant zai fara jujjuyawa ya mutu.
Watse
A lokacin da aiki girma da fure, da smytiant bukatar yawa watering kamar yadda saman Layer na substrate ta bushe. Wuce hadadden danshi a cikin ƙasa ya kamata a guji shi. Don ban ruwa amfani da ruwa a dakin da zazzabi, ba wuya. Shayar ta cikin kwanon rufi. Danshi a cikin ganyayyaki kada ya faɗi. Da farkon lokacin lalacewa, ɓangaren sararin samaniya ya mutu a cikin Smithyant, a wannan yanayin ana shayar da su sosai don hana tsarin tushen bushewa.
Da takin mai magani da takin zamani
Ana buƙatar ciyar da Smitianta daga Maris zuwa Satumba kusan sau 3-4 a wata. A matsayin takin mai magani, zaka iya amfani da miya ta duniya, wanda aka narkar da shi sau 2 daga natsuwa.
Juyawa
Smithyant yana buƙatar dasa shi a kowace shekara a bazara. Don dasa, ana amfani da jigon, yana kunshe da cakuda ganye, coniferous da sod ƙasar, da peat. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa da aka yi shirye a cikin shagon don violet.
Yaduwa da smithiantes
A smythianta yana yaduwa a cikin ɗayan hanyoyi guda uku: amfani da tsaba, harba ƙwaya, ko ta rarrabe scaly rhizomes.
Seedsaramin tsaba na smithyans ana shuka su a saman ƙasa ba tare da an cika su ba a lokacin daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu. An rufe tukunyar iri da gilashin ko fim, lokaci-lokaci da rigar iska da iska. Ana kiyaye matsanancin kore a yanayin zafi. Farkon harbe yana bayyana cikin makonni 3. Fim na smithianti girma daga tsaba ana iya ganin riga wannan shekara.
Ya isa ga ɗan Smithian kawai ya sauƙaƙa shimfidar tsaran tsari tare da tsawonsa game da cm 5-6. An sanya katako a cikin ruwa har sai Tushen ya bayyana. Bayan haka, ana shuka su a cikin tukunya daban. A shuka zai dauki tushe da sauri a cikin babban zafi.
Lokacin da shuka ta mamaye tukunya gaba daya, zata buƙaci dasawa da rarrabuwa na rhizome na manya. Kowane mãkirci ya kamata ya ƙunshi akalla koda. Yankunan rhizomes ana shimfiɗa su a sararin samaniya a cikin ƙasa, zuwa zurfin kusan 2-3 cm .. Yawancin rhizomes galibi ana sanya su a cikin karamar tukunya ɗaya.
Cutar da kwari
Smitianta yana da saukin kamuwa da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da cututtukan fungal. A cikin kwari, aphids da mealybugs na iya yin lahani. Don magance su, ana amfani da kwari masu guba.
Daga cikin cututtukan fungal, smythiant yana shafa da oidium da launin toka mai narkewa. Don kawar da shuka na cutar, ana iya amfani da wakilai na fungicidal.
Shuka matsaloli
- Idan haskoki mai haske suka buge, ganyayyaki na iya zama bakin rawaya ya mutu.
- Tare da isasshen hasken wuta, smytiant ba zai yi fure ba kuma zai jinkirta ci gabanta.
- Idan ruwa ya sauka akan ganyayyaki, toka zai bayyana akan su.
- Idan ganyayyaki ya juya launin toka, to wannan na iya nuna yanayin rashin zaɓar da bai dace ba ko yalwar abinci a cikin ƙasa.
Iri Smithyantes
Cinnabar Red Smitiant - perenni ne na herbaceous, mai tsayi na kusan cm 30. Dogon ganye (kusan 15 cm) sun yi saƙo a gefuna, ƙwallaye, karammiski zuwa taɓawa. Yana fure a cikin hanyar gogewa a cikin abin da ake tattara karrarawa. Furanni masu launin ja ne mai launi tare da rawaya tsakiyar wuya, kimanin 3-4 cm tsayi.
Murmushi mai yawa - wakili ne na tsire-tsire iri iri. Tsayinsa ba kasafai ya fi cm cm ba .. ganye ya zama karammiski ne ga taɓawa godiya ga gashin kansa da ya rufe su. Ganyen katako mai launin elongated form, kore mai kauri. Furanni ya kai tsawon kusan 4 cm, launin rawaya.
Zebra Smithyant - kuma wakili ne na herbaceous perennials. Harbe a tsaye game da 60 cm tsayi. Tsawon kowane ganye yana da kusan cm 15. Suna da kyau a sifa, suna kan katako mai gaba da juna, ƙwallan fitila ga taɓawa, kore mai haske tare da gudana mai launin ruwan kasa. Furanni masu launin shuɗi mai haske tare da tsakiyar rawaya, waɗanda aka tattara a buroshi. Kowane irin wannan goga yana kan saman shuka.
Soyayyar Smithyant - perennial, herbaceous shuka, a tsaye kara. Ganyayyaki maras nauyi, zuciya-mai siffa, elongated. Bar ganye masu duhu ne. Furen furanni a cikin inflorescences, ruwan hoda, lemo ko rawaya.
