Kakan mahaifinsa na daji an san shi da Aronik ko Arum, wanda ya ba da sunan ga iyalin Aronnikov (aroid). Sunan halittar ya fito ne daga kalmomin Helenanci phileo - ƙauna da dendron - itace: philodendrons suna amfani da itace a matsayin tallafi. A cikin al'adun daki, an san darajar philodendrons don sifofin sabon abu da kuma nau'ikan ganye iri-iri, unpretentiousness da babban ado a cikin shekara. Game da fasali na girma na gida philodendrons wannan ɗaba'ar.
Philodendron a ciki.
Bayanin Botanical na shuka
Samarin (lat. Samarin, daga Girkanci. phileo - ƙauna, dendron - itace) - asalin halittar tsirrai daga dangin Aroid. Mafi yawa hawa pegni perennials a haɗe zuwa goyon baya da taimakon sucker asalinsu. Jirgin yana da toya, ana kwance shi a gindi. Ganyen suna da yawa, launin fata, da yawa masu girma dabam, launuka da launuka. A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, tsire-tsire suna girma cikin tsayi har zuwa mita 2 ko fiye.
Tsarin harba a tsire-tsire na kwayoyin halittar Philodendron asiri ne. Tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar ganye masu tasowa iri biyu: a farkon scaly, kuma bayan shi - kore akan dogayen petiole. An samar da inflorescence a cikin ganye kore, kuma a gefen toho yana kafa ne a cikin sinus na ganyen scaly. Babban harbi ya ƙare tare da inflorescence, kuma inda ɓangaren sashin tushe ya girma, yana ɗaukar waɗannan scaly da ganyen kore, masana kimiyya har yanzu basu sani ba. Botany ya dade yana ƙoƙari don magance wannan wuyar warwarewa kusan shekara 150.
Shawarar Kulawa da Philodendron - A takaice
- Zazzabi Matsakaici, kimanin 18-20 ° C a lokacin bazara, a cikin hunturu aƙalla 15 ° C. Guji maɗaurin sanyi.
- Haske Wuri mai haske, kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye, inuwa mai haske. Siffofin da ke ɗaurewa suna buƙatar ƙarin haske, amma kuma a wurin da aka haɗa ido da duhu. Hawan philodendron na iya haɓaka a cikin wuraren da ke da inuwa.
- Watse. A cikin bazara da bazara, matsakaici, kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi koyaushe. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa, amma ƙasa ba ta bushewa, a lokacin da ƙasa ne kawai ɗan danshi. Tare da wuce haddi na ruwa, ƙananan ganye na iya juya launin rawaya; idan bai isa ba, tukwanen ganyen ya bushe.
- Taki. Daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, philodendrons suna ciyar da takaddun takin zamani na tsirrai na cikin gida. Manyan miya kowane sati biyu. Za'a iya ƙara manyan itacen ɓauren itacen kamar humus sau ɗaya a cikin bazara zuwa saman Layer na ƙasa lokacin dasawa ko ba tare da shi ba.
- Jin zafi. Ya kamata a fesa Philodendrons a kullun a cikin bazara da bazara, haka ma a cikin hunturu, idan tsarin dumama yana kusa. Plantsananan tsire-tsire suna shawa sau ɗaya a lokacin bazara. A cikin manyan tsire-tsire, ana tsabtace ganye akai-akai daga ƙura tare da soso mai ruwa.
- Juyawa A cikin bazara, tsire-tsire matasa a shekara kuma bayan shekara uku zuwa huɗu waɗanda suka gabata. Ilasa: 2-3 sassan sod, 1 yanki na ƙasar peat, 1 yanki humus, ɓangaren yashi 0.5. A lokacin da girma manyan samfurori a cikin tukunya da ke kusa da tudu, aibobi suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki, sun juya rawaya, tsirrai a baya cikin girma.
- Sake bugun. Philodendrons propagate ta apical ko tushe cuttings. Don tushen, yana da kyau a yi amfani da dumama ƙasa kuma a rufe da fim. Za'a iya yada manyan creepers ta takardar da aka yanke tare da diddige.
Philodendron ya fi son yanayin zafi matsakaici.
Siffofin girma philodendrons
Yankin Philodendron
Philodendrons tsire-tsire ne na tsire-tsire masu zafi. Suna yaduwa ta hanyar apical cuttings, da guda na gangar jikin, amma ya zama dole kowane ɗayan yana da koda. Kafe a zazzabi na 24-26 ° a cikin akwatin wiring. Idan ƙyallen (sassan da aka raba) sun kasance babba, yana da kyau a dasa su a tukunya kai tsaye. An rufe yankan tare da fim don adana danshi har sai an kirkiro tsarin tushen. Wani lokaci guda daga cikin akwati, sau da yawa ba tare da ganye ba, ana sanya su a ƙarƙashin shiryayye a cikin greenhouse mai dumi, an rufe shi da ƙasa peat, kuma sau da yawa ana fesa. Da zaran farawar ta fara girma, ana rarrabasu ta hanyar adadin harbe da suka bayyana kuma ana dasa su a cikin tukunya.
Don dasa shuki tsire-tsire, suna ɗaukar cakuda ƙasa da keɓaɓɓun abun da ke ciki: ƙasar turf - awa 1, humus - 2 hours, peat - awa 1, yashi - 1/2 awa. Mafi yawan zafin jiki na girma shine 18-20 ° C; a cikin hunturu ana rage shi da dare zuwa 16 ° C.
A lokacin ciyayi mai tsananin gaske, ana bayar da ciyawar tare da slurry kuma ana amfani da cikakken ma'adinan ma'adinai daban-daban a kowane sati 2. Philodendrons suma suna girma sosai cikin tsarin abinci mai gina jiki. Wasu philodendrons, musamman Ph. Scensens, sauƙi jure wa abubuwan da ke cikin su a cikin dan kadan na rana har ma da inuwa a cikin ɗakuna (a cikin lambunan hunturu).
Philodendrons na iya yin amfani da bango yadda ya kamata kuma a wasu lokuta a yi amfani da matsayin mashahuri (Ph. Scandens). A lokacin rani, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sosai. A cikin hunturu, ana shayar da ruwa kaɗan, amma ba a kawo ƙasa bushewa. Shuka tsire-tsire da kulawa da masu zuwa iri ɗaya ne da na dodanni.
Juyin Philodendron
Juyawar kodayaushe itace takamaiman matakin tsoma baki a rayuwar shuka, don haka yakamata ayi a aiwatar dashi a lokacinda mutun yayi girma da muhimmanci, shine, a lokacin bazara. An dasa tsire-tsire kamar yadda ya cancanta, kuma wannan shine mafi yawan lokuta, saboda tushen tsarin aroid yana da haɓaka. A matsakaita, ana buƙatar sake shuka tsire-tsire kowace shekara, ban da tsoffin samfurori waɗanda aka sake haɗa su kowace shekara 2-3.
Zai yiwu a tantance idan philodendron yana buƙatar dasawa ta hanyar ɗaukar tsirrai daga tukunyar. Idan a lokaci guda zaka ga cewa dunbin dunƙule yana matse kusa da tushen, ƙasa kuma kusan ba a iya ganin ta, to lallai ya zama tilas ɗin. A wannan yanayin, lokacin kula da shuka, da wuya ku iyakance kanku ga yin shayarwa da kuma kayan miya. Idan ba a dasa shi cikin tukunyar da ta fi girma tare da ƙasan sabo ba, ba da daɗewa ba zai daina girma.
Bugu da kari, dasawa ma ya zama dole saboda a tsawon lokaci, abun da ke ciki da tsarin kasar gona ya lalace: capillaries da suke gudanar da iska sun lalace, matsanancin ma'adanai sun tara, wanda yake cutarwa ga shuka (wani farin zane mai rufi akan farfajiyar ƙasa).
Ciyar da philodendrons
Daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, ana ciyar da philodendrons kowane mako biyu tare da takaddun takaddun tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Ana iya yin tsire-tsire masu saurin girma sau ɗaya a mako, kuma a cikin hunturu ana amfani da takin kowane wata.
Za'a iya ƙara manyan itacen ɓauren itacen kamar humus sau ɗaya a cikin bazara zuwa saman Layer na ƙasa lokacin dasawa ko ba tare da shi ba.
Lokacin ciyar da philodendron tare da takin mai magani, yana da mahimmanci kada a shawo kan sa, in ba haka ba tukwicin ganyen ya zama rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, ganyayyakin kansu sun bushe kuma sun zama marasa rai. Idan kun ƙara yawan rabo na humus ga ƙasa, kar ku ciyar da shi tare da sauran takin zamani na akalla watanni 1.5-2.
Sau da yawa sau da yawa, philodendrons suna fama da rashin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, idan ba'a kwashe su na dogon lokaci kuma sun manta da ciyarwa. A wannan yanayin, ganyayyaki sun zama ƙanana, tukwicinsu ya bushe kuma ya yi launin rawaya, tsirran da ya lalace ya yi girma. Rashin ruwa zai shafi kauri daga gangar jikin.
Manyan miya ana yin su ne kawai bayan an gama shakar dajin da ke cike da ruwa, in ba haka ba inji na iya fama da matsanancin gishiri a cikin kasa.
Idan mai shuka zai iya jure da ɗan ƙaramin takin mai magani da kansa (don wannan kawai kuna buƙatar dakatar da ciyar da ɗan lokaci ne), to, tare da babban abun da ke cikin ma'adanai a cikin ƙasa, inji zai buƙaci taimako: dasa shuki da ko kuma wanke ƙasa. Don yin wannan, sanya tukunya da philodendron na kwata na awa daya a ƙarƙashin rafin ruwa a cikin matattarar. Ruwa kada yayi sanyi sosai kuma ya kamata ya ratsa ta cikin ramin magudanar ruwa. Hakanan zaku iya nutsar da tukunya a cikin guga na ruwa zuwa kusan matakin kasar ku jira har sai an cike kasar da ruwa, sannan a cire tukunya ku bar shi ya tafasa. Maimaita wannan tsari sau da yawa.
A lokacin girma na philodendron, babban miya ya kamata ya fara makonni biyu zuwa hudu bayan sayan. Idan ka dasa shuki shuka, fara ciyar da shi kawai bayan tsiron ya bayyana.
Matasa da kwanan nan dasa tsire-tsire a farkon watanni shida ba sa buƙatar ƙarin ciyar.
Idan shuka yana cikin ƙasa ko cakuda ƙasa ta musamman, ba a ba da shawarar ciyar da ita da ƙarfi.
Aiwatar da saka riguna na philodendron kawai a cikin waɗannan lokuta lokacin da shuka yake lafiya.
Ph. melanochrysum (Ph. andreanum) - Philodendron baƙar fata.
Ph. bippinatifidum - Philodendron bipinnatus.
Ph. Martianum. (Ph. Cannifolium, Ph. Crassum) - Philodendron Martius.
Nau'in Philodendrons
Ph. melanochrysum (Ph. andreanum) - Philodendron baƙar fata. Hawan dutse. Balaguron harbewa; internodes takaice ne (tushen iska sau da yawa ana barin su). Ganyen tsire-tsire matasa ƙananan ne, tsawon cm 8cm., Zane-Zuciya, tare da tagulla mai launin jan karfe; a cikin manya - babba, 40-80 cm tsayi., oblong-lanceolate, tagulla-kore, yadudduka tare da jijiyoyin, tare da gefuna tare da kunkuntar mai haske, rataye. Petiole 50 cm tsayi. Bedspread 20 cm tsayi. Tana zaune a cikin ruwan-daji na wurare masu zafi a cikin yankin lardin na Andes a Kolumbia. Itacen gargajiya, yaduwar al'adun cikin gida.
Ph. ornatum (Ph. imperiale, Ph. sodirai) - An yi wa Philodendron ado. Creepers suna da tsayi, suna hawa, da rassa masu ƙarfi-kamar su. Ganyayyaki a cikin matasa tsire-tsire ne mai ciki, a cikin manya-mai siffa, 50-60 cm tsayi. kuma 35-40 cm fadi., mai laushi, koren duhu, tare da tsarin farin ciki. Petiole 30-50 cm tsayi., A cikin ƙananan warts. Yana girma cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a kudancin Brazil.
Ph. bippinatifidum - Ballepus na Philodendron. Hawan dutse, tare da akwati mai santsi, tare da burbushi na ganyen da akan fadi. Ganyayyaki suna share, sau biyu pinnate, tare da lobes 1-4, babba, tsawon 60-90 cm., Fata, kore, tare da ɗanɗano launin toka mai ɗanɗano. Gangar jikin tsoffin tsire-tsire masu kauri, ganye mai yawan gaske. Kunnen 16-18 cm tsayi., M a waje, fari a ciki. Ana samo shi a cikin tsawancin damuna, a fadama, a wurare masu laushi a Kudancin Brazil. Ya dace da girma a cikin dakuna.
Ph. Martianum. (Ph. Cannifolium, Ph. Crassum) - Philodendron Martius. Jirgin yana da gajeru ko ɓace. Ganyayyaki suna da kamannin zuciya, duka (ganye mai kama da canna), kafa, tsawon 35-56 cm. kuma 15-25 cm fadi., Kakkau, aka nuna shi a cikin kolin, a ginin da aka zazzage shi ko kuma ya karye, ana fadada shi a tsakiya. Petiole gajere ne, 30-40 cm, lokacin farin ciki, kumbura. Yana girma cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a kudancin Brazil.
Ph. eichleri - Philodendron Eichler. Hawan hawan dutse, tare da akwati mai santsi tare da burbushi na ganye. Ganyayyaki suna share, triangular a gindi, har zuwa tsawon m 1. da girman 50-60 cm., duhu kore, mai yawa. Petiole 70-100 cm tsayi. Tana zaune a cikin ruwan dazuka a gabar ruwan kogin a Brazil.
Ph. hakanan. (Ph. Elegans) - Philodendron m. Creepers suna da tsayi, ba jeri ba. Kara har zuwa 3 cm a diamita., Fleshy, a cikin igiyan-kamar kayan aikin tushe. Ganyayyaki suna ko'ina, m pinnate, 40-70 cm tsawo. da 30-50 cm fadi.; lobes wani nau'i na layi, na sassimita 3-4., kore mai duhu a sama. Murfin yana da tsayi cm 15., Maɗaukaki, a sashin ƙasa mai launin kore ne, mai launin ruwan hoda. Ya girma a cikin saurukan ruwan damuna na Kolombiya. Za'a iya daidaita girman tsiro a cikin tsayi ta hanyar cire saman akwati, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi akan ƙwaya.
Ph. basaraka - philodendron ja. Hawan dutse, ba saka alama ba. Gangar jikin mai launin shuɗi-ja ne, mai launin shuɗi a tsoffin tsire-tsire; mai taushi, harbe mai ja. Ganyen ba su da tsini-uku, tsawon 18-25 cm. da 13-18 cm fadi., kore mai duhu, tare da gefuna masu ruwan hoda; matasa duhu ja-kasa-kasa. Petiole 20-25 cm tsayi., M a gindi. Murfin yana da tsayi 1.5 cm., Dark purple. Kunnen fari ne, mai kamshi. Ya yi girma a gangaren tsaunin, a cikin tsaunukan da ke da ruwa a Columbia.
Ph. ilsemanii - Philodendron Ilseman. Ganyen suna da yawa, tsayi 40 cm. da kuma 15 cm m., Oval zuwa lanceolate-share, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba tare da farin ko launin toka-fari da hucin kore, ratsi. Brazil Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan kayan ado.
Ph. laciniatum. (Ph. Pedatum. Ph. Laciniosum) - Philodendron lobed. Hawan creepers, wasu lokuta tsirrai masu ruwa. Ganyen ovate (ya bambanta da nau'in farantin diski uku); babba lobe 40-45 cm tsayi. kuma 25-30 cm m., tare da 1-3 triangular-oblong ko layi na lobes. Petiole daidai yake da ruwan ganye. Bedspread 12 cm tsayi. Mazaunan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil.
Ph. ornatum (Ph. imperiale, Ph. sodirai) - Fawd da philodendron.
Ph. eichleri - Philodendron Eichler.
Ph. hakanan. (Ph. Elegans) - Philodendron m.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar haɓaka philodendrons
Bar “kuka”. Dalilin ya yi ƙasa ƙasa Bari ƙasa ta bushe kuma ta ƙara tsaka-tsakin tsakanin ruwa.
Mai tushe. Dalilin shi ne kara rot. Yawancin lokaci wannan cuta tana bayyana kanta a cikin hunturu, lokacin da yanayi mai yawan danshi da ƙarancin zafin jiki yakasance an haifesu ne saboda ƙwayar naman gwari. Canza philodendron a cikin wata tukunya, haɓaka ɗakin zafin jiki da iyakance yawan ruwa.
Bar juya launin rawaya. Idan da yawa ganye juya rawaya, wanda, haka ma, rot kuma wither, mafi m dalilin ne waterlogging na kasar gona. Idan babu alamun lalacewar ko wilting, to dalili mai yiwuwa shine rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Idan ƙananan ganyen philodendron sun zama rawaya, kula da ko akwai alamun launin ruwan kasa a kansu da kuma yadda sabbin ganyayyaki suke - idan sun kasance ƙanana da duhu, to wannan alama ce ta rashin danshi. Ganyen ganye masu launin rawaya suna nuna wucewar hasken rana.
Ganyayyaki ya fadi. Leavesarshen ganyen philodendron koyaushe suna faɗi tare da shekaru. Idan ganye da yawa sun mutu kwatsam lokaci guda, to dalilin na iya zama babban kuskure wajen barinwa.
Duba yanayin manyan ganye. Idan ganyayyaki sun bushe da launin ruwan kasa kafin su faɗi, to, dalilin shine yawan zafin jiki na sama yayi yawa. Wannan fitina ce ta yau da kullun lokacin da ake sanya tsire-tsire kusa da batura.
Baƙar gangar jikin a ƙasa, paan ƙaramar ganye. Dalilin shi ne cewa shuka ba shi da isasshen haske. Itatuwan baya girma cikin inuwa mai zurfi.
Brown dige a kasan takardar. Dalilin shi ne jan gizo-gizo gizo.
Brownwanƙwasa, ƙwallon ƙafa na lobes da gefuna ganye. Dalilin shine iska ta bushe a cikin ɗakin. Fesa ganyen philodendron ko sanya tukunya a cikin peat mai laushi. Idan a lokaci guda akwai rawaya mai sauƙi, to, dalilin na iya zama tsaurin tukunya ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Firayim mai launin ruwan kasa alama ce mai nuna rashin ruwa a cikin ƙasa, amma a wannan yanayin ganyayyakin su ma sun nuna rawaya.
Bar gaba daya ko dan kadan a yanka. Dalilin shi ne, ganyen matasa yawanci cikakke ne kuma basu da sifofi. Rashin buɗewa a cikin ganyayyaki na manya na philodendron na iya nuna ƙarancin zafin jiki, ƙarancin danshi, haske ko abinci mai gina jiki. A cikin tsayi tsirrai, ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki na iya isa ga ganye na sama - ya kamata a zurfafa tushen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa ko a sanya shi cikin tallafin mai daɗaɗɗa.
