Blackberry

Blackberry ana ɗaukarsu wani yanki ne na halittar Rubus, wacce ke cikin dangin ruwan hoda. A tsakiyar latitude, lambu sau da yawa suna yin ciyawar baƙar fata (Rubus fruticosus), ana kiran su cumanica, kazalika da blackberries bluish (Rubus caesius) - a cikin Ukraine da ake kira "ƙone". Wannan inji shine dangi na kusa da rasberi mai lafiya sosai, amma ba a girma a cikin kasashen Turai akan sikelin masana'antu. Koyaya, a cikin Amurka, blackberries ana ɗaukar shahararren amfanin gona Berry. Meksiko ita ce shugabar duniya a cikin samar da blackberries, tare da duk fitar da berries zuwa Turai da Amurka. A Rasha, baƙar fata, baƙar fata, a matsayin mai mulkin, girma a cikin daji kawai, a tsakanin lambu, wannan al'ada ba ta da mashahuri. Koyaya, kowace shekara yana zama ƙara zama sananne, tunda 'ya'yan itacen blackberries suna da koshin lafiya kuma masu kyau fiye da raspberries.

Yana dauke da blackberries lambu

Blackberry lambun itace shukar shuki ko itacen inabi tsintsiya. Wannan inji yana da matukar kara kara harba, a farfajiya wanda akwai yalwa mai laushi da tsararren rhizome. Zuwa yau, masu shayarwa sun sami nau'ikan da basu da ƙaya, suna da inganci kuma suna tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. Idan akwai tallafi a kusa da daji, to tsayin duwawun sa na iya kaiwa kimanin santimita 200. Biyar-kashi bakwai-bakwai ko sau uku kodadde kore serrated ganye faranti da pubescence a duka gaban da baya saman. A lokacin furanni, wannan tsire-tsire ne mai shuka zuma. Girman daddaɗin fararen furanni kusan 30 mm ne, ana buɗe buɗewar su daga watan Yuni zuwa Agusta, kuma wannan ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin. Haɗuwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu laushi suna faruwa a cikin watan Agusta, baƙi ne, kuma a farfaɗo akwai hari na launin toka.

Dasa blackberries a cikin ƙasa bude

Wani lokaci don shuka

Abu ne mai wahalar shukawa blackberry, musamman majan gona da ba ta da kwarewa. Koyaya, 'ya'yan itaciyar wannan al'adar suna da matukar mahimmanci kuma suna da daɗi sosai, don haka ƙoƙarin da aka sa cikin cigaban fasahar noman blackberry ba sabon abu ba ne. Masana sun ba da shawarar dasa blackberries a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu zuwa farkon - Mayu, bayan ƙasa ta warmed da kyau. A lokaci guda, ba a bada shawarar dasa kaka ba saboda wannan al'ada. Blackberry sun fi son wuraren rana, wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi daga iskar gas. Gaskiyar ita ce iska zata iya lalata ciyawar da 'ya'yan itaciyar, tare da tsoma baki tare da yin fure a al'ada. An ba da shawarar cewa ka zaɓi wani yanki don dasawa ba akan wani ɗakin kwana ba, amma kan gangara ta yamma ko ta kudu, a cikin wannan yanayi za'a sami kariya daga tsiron arewa da gabas. Don irin wannan al'ada, sawa mai numfashi, ƙoshin abinci mai narkewa ya fi dacewa, kuma ana iya yin girma a kan ƙasa mai yashi. Idan aka dasa shi akan ƙasa na carbonate, daji zai rasa baƙin ƙarfe da magnesium. Nagari ƙasa acid pH 6.

Kafin a ci gaba da dasa shuki kai tsaye, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ta cika duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin shuka. An bada shawarar fara shirye-shiryen rukunin a cikin kaka, dole ne a cire duk sako daga gare ta, kuma yakamata a lalata kwayoyin cuta da dukkanin kwari. A cikin taron cewa gonar gona ne tsare da tsari, aikace-aikace na takin mai magani musamman ga blackberry zai zama superfluous, tun lokacin da overfed shuka fara rayayye girma kore taro, wanda barnatar da shafi fruiting. Koyaya, idan kafin blackberry wata al'ada ta girma ta girma akan rukunin yanar gizon, to ana iya yanke ƙasa sosai. A wannan batun, yayin shirye-shiryen rami rami ko furrows, za a jefa babba na abinci na ƙasa a gefe. Dole ne a haɗe shi tare da kilo 10 na takin, taki ko humus, 25 grams na potassium sulfate da 15 grams na superphosphate da 1 m² mãkirci. Bayar da cakuda ƙasa lokacin dasa shuki, zai zama dole don cike tushen tushen sa.

Dasa blackberries a bazara

Idan kana son shuka ingantacciya, blackberry mai ƙarfi, wacce zata kawo wadataccen girbi, bai kamata ka manta da kowace dokar fasahar noma ta wannan al'ada ba. Ya kamata a ba da sayo iri iri na musamman. An bada shawara don siyan seedlings a cikin wuraren tabbatarwa ko kuma suna da kyakkyawan suna. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara waɗanda ke da ingantaccen tsarin tushen, 2 mai tushe, diamita wanda ya kamata ya zama ya fi 5 mm, kuma mafi mahimmanci, kula da gaskiyar cewa asalin toho dole ne a kan tushen sa. Nisa, kazalika da zurfin dasa fossa, kai tsaye ya dogara da shekaru da ingancin seedling. Lokacin zabar wani shafi don blackberry, ya kamata a lura cewa daga gareta zuwa kowane shuka na gona ko gini yakamata ya zama aƙalla santimita ɗari, kuma in ya yiwu. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai kansu kai tsaye ya dogara da hanyar namo (daji ko tef) da kuma iyawar iri-iri don harba samuwar. Idan aka yi amfani da hanyar daji na shuka, to a rami daya dasa ya zama dole dasa shuki 2 ko 3 a lokaci daya, wanda ke da ƙarancin yin harba, kuma shimfidar ramuka ya zama santimita 180x180. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da hanyar tef na dasa blackberries don iri tare da haɓakar harbi. A wannan yanayin, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin furrow a cikin sarkar ci gaba, yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin tsararrakin ya kai 100 cm, kuma jerawar layi ya kamata cm 200-250.

An sanya tsire a cikin tsagi ko rami, sannan sai an daidaita tushen sa a hankali, yana jagorantar su ta fuskoki daban-daban. Bayan haka, ya kamata a yayyafa tushen tushen tare da cakuda ƙasa mai gina jiki (duba abun da ke sama) wanda ya sa koda, wanda yake a ginin harba, zurfin 20-30 mm ne a cikin ƙasa. Ya kamata kuma a san cewa rami ko furrow bai kamata ya cika har zuwa matakin saman shafin ba. Wajibi ne cewa akwai ragowar hutu ko rami, yayin da farjinta ya kamata ya zama santimita a ƙasan matakin. A wannan yanayin, tarawar dusar ƙanƙara, narke ko ruwan sama zai faru a cikin ramuwar ko sakamakon, wanda hakan zai rage adadin ruwa. Game da tsire-tsire da aka shuka, dole ne a tamse ƙasa, sannan ana shayar da su ta amfani da lita 3-6 na ruwa a kowane daji 1. Bayan da ruwan ya zama cikakke cikin ƙasa, farfajiya na ramuka ko damuna ya kamata a rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (taki ko peat takin). Dole ne a taƙaita dasa shuki zuwa ga tsawo na 20 santimita a saman farfajiyar, yayin da rassan 'ya'yan itacen dole ne a yanke su gaba ɗaya.

Kulawar Blackberry

A lokacin da girma blackberries a cikin lambu mãkirci, ya kamata ka zama a shirye don gaskiyar cewa tana bukatar a shayar da tsare, sassauta farfajiya na duniya, cire weeds (idan mãkirci ba a rufe ciyawa), abinci, a yanka kuma samar da bushes. Har yanzu blackberry yana buƙatar jiyya tare da magunguna daban-daban don hana ko bi da cututtuka da kuma karin kwari. Har sai wani ɗan lambu mai ƙwarewa ya koya duk dabarun girma baƙar fata, zai zama da wahala a gare shi. Amma idan kuna son shuka tsiro mai ƙarfi da lafiya, to lallai ne ku bi dukkan dabarun da ke ƙasa.

Yadda ake kulawa a cikin bazara da bazara

A cikin bazara, yana da mahimmanci don shigar da trellises; daga baya, sanduna waɗanda suka fara haifar 'ya'yan itace za a ɗaure su ta amfani da igiya. An ɗauki sanduna masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ba su wuce 200 cm ba ga tsawo, ya kamata a haƙa su a ƙarshen kuma a farkon jere a bangarorin biyu na tsire-tsire, har ma tsakanin na farko da na ƙarshe kowane minti 10. Tsakanin wuraren da aka sanya, cire waya mai galvanized a cikin layuka 3: 1st Layi - tsayin daga ƙasa ya zama 0.5-0.75 m, jere na 2 - tsayin shi ya kai mita 1.25, na uku - tsayin shi ya kai 1.8 m. zai bada fruita fruitan itace a lokacin da muke ciki. Matasa mai tushe ba sa buƙatar garter, kawai suna buƙatar jagora, sannan su kansu za su manne wa waya. A lokaci guda, tuna cewa wajibi ne don shiga cikin jagorancin mai tushe a kai a kai, wanda ke kawar da haɓakar haɓakarsu.

Lokacin da aka girma iri dake madaidaiciya, ya kamata a tuna cewa a farkon shekarar, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a kan bushes ba za su samar ba. Don samun fruitsan inyan itace a cikin kakar mai zuwa, kuna buƙatar laima babban matashin mai tushe, wanda ya kai tsayin 1-1.2 m Don yin wannan, gajarta fiwunsu da santimita 10, bayan ɗan lokaci haɓakar rassan daga baya za su fara, za su buƙaci a taƙaice kaɗan, kamar kawai tsayin su zai zama rabin mita. Sakamakon haka, daji zai duba mai daidaitacce kuma mai tsabta, kuma bai kamata ku ji tsoron cewa wannan zai cutar da yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa ba.

Blackberry bushes dasa a cikin halin yanzu kakar na bukatar na din-din-din ruwa a cikin makonni 6 na farko, kuma a lokacin tsawo fari. Idan tsirrai suna bada fruita fruitan itace, to ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman ga shayarwarsu yayin aiki na girma da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Haramun ne haramcin shan ruwan sanyi ko ruwa sosai domin ban ruwa. A saboda wannan dalili, famfon ko ruwan sama ya dace sosai, wanda dole ne a tara shi a cikin ganga ko wasu akwati na volumetric. A cikin rana, irin wannan ruwa ya kamata ya tsawan kwanaki 1-2.

Domin amfanin gona ya zama mai wadatar gaske, ya zama dole a sanya ido kan yanayin kasar. A karo na farko shekaru 2 a cikin layuka na blackberries, an bada shawarar dasa sidereal (ana amfani dashi azaman taki) ko kayan lambu masu layi. Koyaya, duk shekaru masu zuwa na hanya dole ne a kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin tururi. Hanya ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya cancanta. Ana yin jujjuyawar ƙasa tsakanin layuka ana yin su 5 sau 6 a shekara zuwa zurfin santimita 10 zuwa 12. Soilasar da ke kusa da shuka ya kamata a kwance tare da fenti ko fartanya zuwa zurfin 5 zuwa 8 santimita 2 ko sau 3 a cikin lokacin girma. Don rage yawan weeding da loosening, ana bada shawara don cika yankin da wani yanki na ciyawa (sawdust, foliage daji da aka faɗi, bambaro ko allurai Pine). Idan kun cika farfajiyar wannan makircin tare da takin peat na takin gargajiya ko kuma taki da ke da kauri na matsakaici (5 santimita), wannan ba kawai zai iya rage yawan kwance da kuma sako ba ne, amma irin wannan ciyawa zai kuma zama tushen abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata don blackberries.

A lokacin farfadowa, da buƙatar bushes za a buƙaci girgiza su daga zafin rana. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa baƙar fata baƙar fata da rana tayi hasarar bayyanar kasuwancin su, ingancin su kuma yana raguwa. Don kare blackberry daga rana, gogaggen lambu shawara shawara jan shading raga tare da layuka.

Bakar fata

Ya kamata a ciyar da Blackberry a lokaci guda kamar sauran bushes bushes. A farkon lokacin girma, zai zama tilas takin tsire-tsire tare da kwayoyin halitta tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen (a kowace muraba'in 1 na makirci na kilo 4), da takin mai magani na nitrogen (20 grams na urea ko ammonium nitrate ta 1 murabba'in mita). Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin na potash waɗanda ba su haɗa da chlorine ba, misali, potassium sulfate (a kowace 1 murabba'in 40 gram), ana yin wannan takin a shekara. A cikin taron cewa kuna ciyawa farfajiyar maƙarƙashiyar da taki ko wasu kwayoyin halitta, to, ciyar da blackberry tare da phosphorus ba lallai ba ne. Idan bakayi amfani da irin wannan ciyawa ba, to akwai buƙatar amfani da phosphates ga ƙasa 1 lokaci cikin shekaru 3 (50 grams na abu a kowace murabba'in 1).

Kiwon Blackberry

Ana iya yadu da ruwan 'ya'yan itace a bazara, hunturu da bazara. Don yaduwa iri iri na daji, ana amfani da zuriyar asali, ana rarraba filaye ko itace, kuma don creeping - a kwance ko a kwance yake.

Yaduwa da apical yadudduka

Zai fi sauƙi don yada blackberries tare da harbe apical. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, ya kamata ka zaɓi hawan dutsen hawa, an lanƙwasa zuwa saman ƙasa, yayin da aka haƙa saman tare da ƙasa. A cikin irin wannan rufin, Tushen yana fitowa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma ƙananan harbe suna girma daga buds waɗanda suke cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, an rabu da harbi daga daji na iyayen.

Sake bugun ta hanyar kewaya

Don yada baƙar fata tare da yadudduka na kwance, ya kamata ku tanƙwara harbi zuwa saman ƙasa kuma ku cika shi da ƙasa tare da tsawon tsawon. A sakamakon haka, da yawa bushes ya kamata girma. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, dole ne a yanka tatattara tsakanin sabbin bushes ɗin. Matasa tsire-tsire za a iya dasa su nan da nan zuwa wurin dindindin. Wannan hanyar tana da inganci sosai a lokacin bazara.

Propagate da tushen zuriya

Idan inji na daji ne, to, ya fi sauƙi a yadu ta hanyar zuriya, suna girma kusa da daji kowace shekara. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun ba da shawarar rabuwa da dasa shuki kawai waɗannan zuriya waɗanda tsayin su ba ƙasa da santimita 10 ba. Domin 'ya'yan su dauki tushen sosai kafin farkon sanyi yanayi, dole ne a jigged a watan Mayu ko Yuni.

Sake bugun ta hanyar rarraba daji

Akwai nau'ikan wannan al'ada da ba sa haifar zuriyar asali. A wannan yanayin, don haifuwarsu, ana amfani da hanyar rarraba daji. Ya kamata a raba daji da aka haƙa zuwa sassa, yayin yin la'akari da cewa kowane ɗayan delenki ya kamata a haɓaka shi da kyau, kuma ya kamata kuma ya sami damar ɗauka tushe a cikin sabon wuri. Dole a zubar da wannan sashin tsire wanda ke da tsohuwar rhizome.

Idan muna magana ne game da nau'ikan kyawawan nau'ikan irin wannan al'adun Berry, to, don haifuwarsu, a matsayin mai mulkin, yi amfani da hanyar yanka. An yanke yankan daga saman na uku na harbi a watan Yuni ko Yuli. A wannan yanayin, kowane sandar ya kamata ya sami wani ɓangare na harba, koda da farantin ganye. Ya kamata a kula da ƙananan sutura tare da shiri wanda ke inganta tushen tushe. Sa'an nan ana dasa cuttings a cikin ƙananan tabarau, waɗanda suke buƙatar cika ta da substrate wanda ya ƙunshi peat da vermiculite (perlite, crushed yashi ko yashi). Ana tsabtace kwantena a ƙarƙashin fim, yayin da a cikin takin zamani mai lalacewa, ya kamata a kiyaye danshi ta sama da kashi 96. Bayan kimanin makonni 4, yakamata ya ɗauki ganyayyaki, kuma za su buƙaci tura shi zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Akwai sauran hanyoyin kiwo blackberries, alal misali, ta hanyar yadudduka iska, sassan tushe, tsirrai da tsintsiya madaidaiciya. Koyaya, waɗannan hanyoyin kiwo ba su da fa'ida kamar waɗanda aka bayyana a sama, kuma sun fi wahalar aiwatarwa.

Blackberry a cikin kaka

A cikin kaka, ya kamata a shirya tsire-tsire don hunturu mai zuwa. Da farko kuna buƙatar datsa bushes. Sa'an nan farfajiya na ƙasa kusa da tushen zai buƙatar buƙatar rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa (bushe sawdust ko peat). Don dalilai na hanawa, dole ne a fesa bushes tare da Actellik (daga kwari) da kuma sulfate jan karfe (daga cututtuka). A cikin taron cewa a cikin yankinku ya fi sanyi a lokacin hunturu ramin digiri 10, to wannan amfanin gona na Berry zai buƙaci tsari. Idan nau'ikan haƙuri na hunturu suna girma, to, ba tare da tsari ba za su iya jure sanyi ba fiye da digiri 20 ba. Don tsari da bushes don hunturu, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Don haka, lokacin da aka datse blackberry, yakamata a cire shi daga trellis kuma a sa saman ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma daga sama harbe an rufe shi da wani yanki na masara foliage kuma an rufe shi da kayan rufewa, alal misali, filastik kunsa Idan madaidaiciya iri-iri ke girma, zai zama da wuya a tanƙwara rassan irin wannan daji zuwa ƙasa.A wannan batun, lambu a watan Agusta hašawa kaya a saman harbe, sakamakon wannan, rassan sannu a hankali sun tanƙwara zuwa saman ƙasa kansu. Blackberry na da peculiarity guda ɗaya, ba ta cika farashi ba. A wannan batun, lambu sau da yawa suna amfani da hay, sawdust, humus ko bambaro azaman tsari. Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da ganyayyaki da suka fadi daga bishiyun 'ya'yan itace azaman tsari ba, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kasancewa a farfajiya. Hakanan a cikin kaka, ana bada shawara don tattarawa da halakar da ganye daga itacen bushes na blackberry.

Blackberry pruning

Duk da cewa dashen itacen blackberry wata hanya ce mai matukar wahala, irin wannan amfanin gona dole ne a rage shi. Ya kamata a samar da dusar shukar blackberry bushes a bazara, bazara da damina. Dukkanin blackberry sun kasu kashi-kashi, wanda kuma ake kira mildew, da madaidaiciya - kumanika. Tsawon harbe da ire-iren tsirai na da madaidaiciya na iya wuce santimita 300; a cikin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire, harbe da yawa suna canzawa. Ana lura da 'ya'yan itacen Cumanica, kamar raspberries, akan harbe shekaru biyu. Tushen harbe a cikin yawancin nau'in mildew ba a kafa su ba, harbe irin wannan tsire-tsire suna kama da madaukai, wanda akwai rassa masu rassa da yawa.

Yadda ake girbin blackberry

A cikin bazara, kafin blackberry buds tashi, sun datsa shi. Don haka, kuna buƙatar cire duk raunuka da busassun harbe, kuma a yanka fiɗa na mai tushe lalacewa ta hanyar sanyi zuwa koda na farko na lafiya. Bushes na farkon shekarar girma bukatar biyu pruning. Don yin wannan, don haɓaka haɓakar harbe na gefen, a cikin Mayu, rage gajerun sassan rassan ta hanyar 5-7 santimita. Sannan, a cikin watan Yuli, suna gajarta da 7-10 santimita na harbe na gefen, tsawonsu ya zarce santimita 50, ban da wannan, kawai dole ne a bar ragowar mafi girman iko, sauran kuma suna bukatar a yanke. Bugu da ƙari ga rassan sanyi-lalace da suka ji rauni a cikin tsire-tsire masu balaga, duk ya kamata a yanke harbe mai rauni, yayin da daga daji ya kamata ya kasance daga 4 zuwa 10 mafi yawan rassan iko, kuna buƙatar buƙatar rage rassan gefen ta 0.2-0.4 m, saboda su kasance daga 8 zuwa 12 kodan. A lokacin girma, duk tushen dasa girma a cikin rani watanni ya kamata a yanke. Waɗanda keɓaɓɓun harbe ne kawai waɗanda suka girma a cikin bazara ya kamata su kasance, tunda za su ba da 'ya'ya a cikin kakar girma mai zuwa.

Dole ne a yanke rassan da aka shuka a cikin bazara a kaka, a wani tsawon santimita 170-200. Mai rauni rassan da duk harbe na shekara ta biyu na rayuwa da suka gama ba da 'ya'yan itace dole ne a yanke su a kan tushen. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ba za su sake yin fruita fruitan itace ba, kuma blackberry kawai zai kashe ƙarfin sa a kansu.

Kwayar cutar Blackberry da cututtuka tare da hoto

Blackberry cuta

Kwayoyi da cututtuka na rasberi da baƙi iri ɗaya ne. Don haka, baƙar fata da aka yi girma a cikin lambunan tsakiyar latitude na iya fama da tan na tsatsa, ƙamshi mai ƙwari, ƙwayoyin cuta, septoria ko spotting, didimella ko tabkin launin fata, botrytis ko launin toka mai lalacewa, kuma kuma saboda yawan wuce gona da iri ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, kuma idan kun keta dokokin fasahar aikin gona na wannan al'ada.

Blackberry bushes za a iya shafawa ta columnar ko tsatsa na gilashin. Tsatsa na kankara zai iya zuwa wannan tsiro daga pines ko itacen al'ul waɗanda suka yi girma a kusa, yayin da kwayar ke ɗaukar ta ta iska. A causative jamiái na gilashin tsatsa na iya zama a cikin lambu, located kusa da tafki, a kan bankunan wanda sedge ke tsiro. Kawai blackberry ya raunana tsatsa. A cikin samfuran da ke kamuwa da cutar a farkon makonnin bazara, dige-ruwan shuɗi-launin shuɗi suna bayyana akan farji na ganye, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama ƙyalli, kuma aka sanya su a ƙasan ganye. Idan cutar ba a yi yaƙi ba, to kusan kashi 60 na amfanin gonar za ta lalata ta. Don dalilai na prophylactic, ana yayyafa blackberries a kan fure mai fure tare da maganin ruwan Bordeaux (1%). Ana maimaita irin wannan jiyya bayan an cire girbi daga bushes. Af, wannan kayan aiki zai taimaka kare tsire-tsire daga wasu cututtuka da yawa. Ya kamata a fesa bushes mai lalacewa tare da shiri na sulfuric, kuma ya kamata a zaɓi ranar dumi don wannan (zafin jiki iska ya kamata ya fi digiri 16). Misali, zaku iya amfani da irin wannan maganin na sulfuric a matsayin mafita na sulfur colloidal, zai adana ba kawai cututtukan fungal kadai ba, har ma da ticks da aphids.

Anthracnose

Ci gaban maganin anthracnose ana lura dashi a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu ko kwanakin farko na Yuni, amma idan za'a sami ruwan sama, yanayin damuna na dogon lokaci. A cikin samfuran da abin ya shafa, m-mai siffa shunayya mai launin shuɗi suna bayyana a kwanan nan matasa harbe. Suna ƙaruwa cikin girma a kan lokaci da kuma lokacin da suka isa kyallen haushi, to, ulcers of launin launi tare da gefuna masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana a kai. A farfajiya na ganye faranti ma aibobi ana kafa tare da kodadde ja iyaka. A cikin hunturu, ana lura da mutuwar mai tushe mai tushe. Don prophylaxis, ya kamata a bincika seedlings da aka saya sosai. Blackberry kuma yana buƙatar riguna na saman tsari tare da takin peat da kuma weeding dace. Don yin rigakafi da magani na irin wannan cuta, ana amfani da magunguna iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake yaƙi da tsatsa.

Septoria

Farin fari na fata (septoria) - wannan cuta ta yadu sosai. A cikin kamuwa da bushes, mai tushe da ganye suna shafa. Ana kafa tudun launin shuɗi a kansu, wanda a ƙarshe zai zama wuta kuma ya sami ƙasa mai duhu.

Haske mai tabo

Didimella (spotting purple) - wannan cuta tana shafar buds na shuka, har ila yau yana haifar da bushewa da kuma mutuƙar farantin ganye, a wasu halayen, harba ta bushe. A farkon, ƙananan aibobi na launin ruwan hoda-launi launin ruwan kasa akan tsakiya da ƙananan ɓangaren samfuran kamuwa da cutar. Yayinda cutar ta kamu, toshewa da kodan na faruwa, faranti na ganye ya zama maras kyau, kuma launuka masu launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi tare da iyakar rawaya suna bayyana a farfajiyar su.

Cututtukan ƙwayar cuta

Grey rot (botritis) shima yafi fifita yanayin sanyi. A cikin samfurin da abin ya shafa, 'ya'yan itaciyar sun lalace. Don dalilai na rigakafin, ba a ba da shawarar yin girma baƙar fata a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, yana buƙatar samun iska mai kyau.

Powdery mildew

Mafi yawan blackberry bushes za a iya shafa da dakin karatu Sphere (powdery mildew). A cikin kamuwa da tsiro, farfajiya na ganye, berries da mai tushe an rufe shi da sako-sako da farin farin launi.

Don magance duk waɗannan cututtukan ya kamata su kasance magunguna iri ɗaya kamar lokacin yaƙi da tsatsa. Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa mai ƙarfi inji ne sosai wuya cutar da cututtuka daban-daban. Sabili da haka, yi ƙoƙarin bi duk ƙa'idodin fasahar aikin gona na wannan al'ada kuma ku samar dashi da kulawa ta dace.

A wasu halayen, ana lura da yellowing na blackberry bushes. Mafi yawancin lokuta wannan yana faruwa ne saboda wucewar ɗumbin abubuwa ko isasshen adadin abubuwan da aka gano. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar daidaita jadawalin ciyarwa, da kuma bincika abun da ke ciki na duk takin da aka yi amfani da shi.

Kwakwalwar Blackberry

A kan blackberry bushes, mites (gizo-gizo layi da kuma rasberi), rasberi toho, m rasberi-strawberry weevil, rasberi irin ƙwaro, goro-grower, kazalika da aphids, gall midges da caterpillars na barkono - ognevok, rasberi glaziers iya warware. Don kawar da waɗannan kwari, masana suna ba da shawara ta amfani da Karbofos ko Actellik, Hakanan kuna iya bi da su tare da Akarin ko Fitoverm. Don kare ƙwanƙwasa daga wasu kwari da yawa, a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe ayoyin kuma a cikin kaka, bayan tattara berries, spraying ya kamata a yi don dalilai na rigakafin, amfani da kwayoyi iri ɗaya (duba sama).

Varietiesan itacen Blackberry tare da hotuna da kwatancinsu

An bayyana a sama menene banbanci tsakanin creeping da madaidaiciyar girma blackberries. Koyaya, nau'ikan zamani bazasu iya zama tsayayyun rarrabuwa ba, tunda iri da kuma kabeji na blackberries a wasu halaye sun samu nasarar haɗa halayen nau'ikan creeping (wanda ake kira da sauƙin mildew) da sifofin nau'ikan da suka kafa (yanayin da ake magana akansu kumanika).

Mafi kyawun iri na blackberry:

Agave. Wannan nau'ikan Amurkawa shine ɗayan mafi tsufa, yana tsakiyar kakar kuma yana da tsananin tsayayya da sanyi. Don haka, 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itacen blackberry sun ji rauni ne kawai a zazzabi na digiri 27, yayin da tushen sa da harbe suka sami damar yin tsayayya da zazzabi na digiri 40. Mai ƙarfi faceted mai tushe suna da ƙarfi sosai, nauyin 'ya'yan itacen ya kai 3 grams. Wannan ire-iren suna da yawan amfanin ƙasa, daga 1 daji akan matsakaita kilo 4 na an girbe berries. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da tsayayya ga kansar daji, tsatsa da anthracnose.
Thornfrey. Wannan tsire-tsire na matasan bezshipny an haife shi dan lokaci mai tsawo, amma har wa yau yana tare da yardar da girma da yawa daga manyan lambu. Wannan iri-iri ne farkon cikakke, high-samar da gwaggwabar riba, quite sanyi-resistant, unpretentious ga girma yanayi. Wannan tsire-tsire yana haɗaka da kaddarorin mildew da Cumanica.
Karaka Baka. Wannan iri-iri ya bayyana in mun gwada da kwanan nan, yana da matsanancin farkon cikakke, duk da haka, irin wannan shuka ya ƙare samar da 'ya'yan itace tare da farkon sanyi. Tsarin manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa yana da tsawo, nauyinsu ya kai giram 20-30. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na da ɗanɗano mai kyau, kazalika da matuƙar nutsar da sukari. Wannan iri-iri yana cikin mafi tsayayya ga fari, ba ya tsoron kowace cuta, akwai ƙananan ƙaya akan harbe-harbe masu kyau. Koyaya, ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan nau'ikan yana da ƙarancin jure sanyi.
Natchez. A iri ne farkon cikakke. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma sosai, suna da ƙanshin ceri na musamman. Babu ƙaya akan harbe. Wannan nau'in ya bayyana a kwanan nan godiya ga edan Amurkawa na Arkansas.
Polar. Wannan nau'in Yaren mutanen Poland yana da tsayayya sosai don sanyi, kuma baku buƙatar rufe shi don hunturu. Karamin bushes ne mai matukar albarka. Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da dandano mai daɗi-mai ɗanɗano.
Waldo. Wannan nau'in daskararre-dusar ƙanƙan da zai iya shayarwa a Ingila. A bushes ne m, dada, ba sa bukatar mai yawa sarari, kuma sun kusan ba sa bukatar samar da gungura. A 'ya'yan itãcen fara waka daga na biyu rabin Yuli.
Loch Tay. Wannan nau'in kuma ana bred a Ingila. Yana da unpretentious to girma yanayi. Fruitsananan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da babban abu. A matsakaici, kimanin buhunnan 'ya'yan itace 2 ana girbe su daga daji ɗaya.

Berryirƙirar berryaƙwalwa na Blackberry

Yin gyaran iri sun bayyana ba da daɗewa ba, dangane da wannan ana nazarin su sosai. 'Ya'yansu na ci gaba har sai sanyi na farko. Idan kun yanke duk mai tushe daga bushes a cikin ƙarshen kaka, to a shekara mai zuwa za su iya girbe su, gaskiyar ita ce 'ya'yan itaciyar za su yi girma a kan harbe waɗanda suka yi girma a farkon bazara. An fara fitar da amfanin gona a watan Yuni, kuma 'ya'yan itacen amfanin gona na biyu zasu fara farawa a watan Agusta. A wasu halayen, ana lura da cigaba da irin wannan bushes. Rashin kyau daga cikin ire-iren wadannan sanyyoyi ne masu kaifi sosai. A lokacin furanni, irin wannan blackberry yana da ban sha'awa sosai, don haka, diamita na furanninta na iya kaiwa daga 7 zuwa 8 santimita. Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan gyaran blackberries masu dangantaka da hybrids na Amurka na jerin Firayim Minista:

Firayim Arc 45. An haife wannan nau'in a cikin 2009. Tsawon tsirrai ya kusan santimita 200. A saman madaidaiciya madaidaiciya mai tushe babban adadin spikes. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu ɗimbin yawa suna da daɗi. Na farko berries girma a watan Yuni. Karo na biyu kenan da shuka ya fara bada 'ya'ya a cikin watan Agusta, kuma ya ƙare - tare da farawa na farkon sanyi.
Firayim Yan. Wannan nau'in shine farkon farkon nau'in gyara. The mai tushe suna cikin fara'a mai kauri. 'Ya'yan itaciya masu ɗimbin launuka masu ɗimbin yawa suna da warin apples.
Firayim jim. An haife iri-iri a cikin 2004. fularfin madaidaici mai tsayi mai tushe. Manyan fruitsa sweetan zaki-da ke cike da elongated. Itatuwan fure, an rufe shi da fure mai ruwan hoda da manyan furanni, suna da ban sha'awa.

Kasuwancin Blackberry: Lahanta da Amfani

M kaddarorin baƙar fata

'Ya'yan itãcen blackberry sun ƙunshi babban adadin bitamin, sune: carotene (provitamin A), bitamin C, E, P da K. Hakanan suna ɗauke da ma'adanai: sodium, alli, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, chromium, molybdenum, barium, vanadium da nickel. Kuma sunada babban adadin glucose, fiber, fructose, pectins, da acid na kwayoyin halitta kamar tartaric, citric, malic, da salicylic. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna taimakawa haɓaka tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki da ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, suna da tasirin antioxidant da sakamako na antipyretic. Ana ɗaukar blackberries a matsayin madadin halitta na asfirin, amma ba kamar magani ba, 'ya'yan itacen ba wai kawai suna cutar da jiki ba, har ma suna warkar da shi. Ana bada shawarar wannan Berry don amfani da mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan narkewa, saboda yana da amfani mai amfani akan tsarin narkewa. Hakanan, anyi amfani da blackberries sosai tsawon lokaci a cikin jiyya da rigakafin cutar sankara mellitus da urolithiasis. Ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga matashi na ɗan itace da blackberry don tracheitis, mashako, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, zazzabi, cututtukan cututtukan mahaifa, dysentery da colitis. Ana kuma amfani da wannan ruwan 'ya'yan itace a waje don maganin cututtukan fata, eczema, raunuka, cututtukan trophic da cututtukan gum.

Don dalilai na magani, ana amfani da berries da sauran sassan shuka. Misali, ana samun yawancin bitamin C, tannins, da amino acid a cikin ruwan ganye. A wannan batun, sun bambanta astringent, anti-mai kumburi, diuretic, rauni waraka, diaphoretic da sakamako tsarkakewa jini. Wani jiko na ganye na wannan shuka ana ɗauka don rikicewar juyayi da cututtukan zuciya. Tea da decoction na foliage ana amfani dasu don cutar rashin ƙarfi, da kuma ƙarfafa gabaɗaya da rage ƙwayar cuta don cututtukan menopausal. Ana amfani da kayan ado na ganye don maganin cututtukan gastritis. Ana amfani da ɗanyun froji a cikin jiyya na lasisi da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a ƙananan ƙarshen.

Ana amfani da tushen wannan al'ada don shirya diuretic a cikin ruwa mai narkewa. Ana amfani da tin tin daga gare su domin zub da jini da kuma inganta narkewar abinci.

Contraindications

Blackberry bashi da contraindications. Koyaya, a lokuta mafi wuya, mutum na iya fuskantar rashin haƙuri na mutum, wanda aka bayyana a cikin halayen rashin lafiyan. Alamar wannan rashin haƙuri na iya faruwa bayan minutesan mintuna ko kwanaki bayan cin blackberries. Bayyanar cututtuka sune kamar haka: zawo, amai, amai, da kumburi.