Spruce: iri, iri, namo

Sunan LatinPicea) ya fito daga tsohuwar kalmar Rome "pix" -resin. Kamar millennia da suka gabata, yanzu waɗannan kyawawan launuka masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda suke rayuwa har zuwa shekara 300, 'yan lambu suna ƙaunar su. Akwai kusan nau'ikan 50 a cikin asalin bishiyoyin fir, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, godiya ga masu shayarwa, suna da siffofi na ado tare da rawanin kuka ko columnar, tare da shuɗi, azurfa ko alluran launin toka-kore, tare da tsintsiya mai tsayi daban-daban - daga 40 cm zuwa 50 m. Amma don haka bishiyar Kirsimeti ta kasance akan ku rukunin yanar gizon ya samo tushe, daga duk wannan bambance bambancen kana buƙatar zaɓar wanda buƙatarta don rayuwa mai dadi zaka iya gamsar.

Da alama mai ƙarfi, ko Furucin fure.

Iri da nau'ikan fure

Ayan mai ba da izini, ko ƙananan tsiro (Picea jezoensis) asalinsa daga Gabas mai nisa. An bambanta ra'ayi ta hanyar jituwarsa, kamannin conical na kambi, dogayen allura (har zuwa 2 cm) - shuɗi mai haske a ƙasa, da koren duhu, hasken silinda mai walƙiya mai haske ya kai 6 cm a sama. amma ba ya jure wa ciyawa, yana fifita lamuran matsakaici mai laushi. Masu cin nasara a cikin layin tsakiyar suna da kyau, amma a cikin bazara zai iya wahala daga sanyi. Cike da baƙin ciki ya juyawa dasa da daddawa.

Kyakkyawan kyau don haɓaka karamin tsari na lambu Aurera (Aurera) tare da allura ta zinariya.

Ayan kumar

Serbian spruce, ko Balkan spruce (Picea omorika) yayi kama da wanda aka gani a sama. An bambanta jinsunan ta hanyar rarrabuwa a sararin samaniya tare da dan kadan ya lanƙwasa tsakiya da harbe wani sabon ci gaban rataye a cikin nau'i na yanki, yana ba da asali ga bayyanar itacen. Don girma a cikin ƙananan yankuna akwai ƙananan siffofin kayan ado: Kyau (Gnom) 1.5 m high, Nana (Nana) har zuwa 3 m tsayi.

Serbian spruce, ko Balkan spruce.

Norway spruce, ko ƙasashen Turai (Picea abies) Ana samun wannan nau'in tsirarruka a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha. Itace mai tsananin sanyi, mai jure yanayin-inuwa, har yakai 50 m, tare da haɓaka shekara-shekara da ya kai cm 50. Ta kai girmanta har zuwa shekara 150. Yana zaune har zuwa shekara 250.

Yankin Turai na kambi ɗin kambi mai siffar kambi tare da kwance tsayayyun rassa, a hankali yana jujjuyawa a ƙarshen. Cikakkun allurai suna da tetrahedral, mai sheki, kore mai duhu, tsawon cm 1-2 Daga shekaru 15-25, ana yin rassa da bututu masu launin ruwan kasa, sun kai cm 15. Yana son loam mai laushi, baya jure ragowar ruwa da busasshiyar ƙasa.

Siffofin ado na Turakin Turai suna da kyau sosai. Tsarin sabon abu na bishiyoyi sun bambanta: dwarf Karamin (Compacta), a cikin rataye na bakin ciki harbe na girma densely rufe a kwance rassan; tare da drooping rassan - kuka Mai juyayi (Inversa), girma ba fiye da 8 m; tare da rassan sama - columnar Bayani (Bayani), kai girman 15 m tare da kambi mai nauyin 1.5 m; siriri - Elegans (Elegans), tsayin daka wanda bai wuce 4 m.

Hakanan akwai ƙananan, mai yawa, siffofin zagaye-girma waɗanda suke girma cikin faɗi, kamar Gregoriana (Gregoryana) da Nana (Nana), yayi kama da katon gidan wanki 2 m wide Clan brailiana (Clan-broniliana); yi ado tuddai mai tsayi mai zurfin haɓaka daji mai auna 20 × 40 cm Echiniformis (Echiniformis).

Ga masu sha'awar haɓaka launuka masu launi daban-daban sun dace: Aurea (Aurea) da zinari ko Kasar Argentina (Kasar Argentina) tare da allura ta azurfa.

Norway spruce, ko ƙasashen Turai.

Harshen Kanada, mai launin fata ko farar fata (Picea glauca), daya daga cikin mafi yawan hunturu-Hardy, farkon-girma (siffofin cones daga shekaru 8-10) da undemanding ga ƙasa. Tsarin ya girma a Arewacin Amurka (daga Labrador zuwa Alaska), inda ya kai 35 m. A cikin Yankin Moscow, itace mai shekaru 30 yana da tsayi game da 5.5 m da dutsen mai rahusa na 14 cm. Kambi ya yi kauri, conical, an fara shirya reshe zuwa gaba, kuma tare da shekaru sauka. Cikakkun allurai suna da kauri kuma gajeru (har zuwa 1.5 cm), cones suna da launin ruwan kasa, tsawon 3-5 cm. Furucin kusan yana da yawa a shekara.

Don girma, akwai siffofin kayan ado tare da asalin tsarin bishiyar, mafi bambancin: giantess mai saurin girma Albertina (Albertiana); kunkuntar dala Fastigitata (Fastigitata) tare da dogaye (har zuwa 2.4 cm); tare da kambi na siffar silili Alberta Gpobe (Alberta Clobe); tare da reshe mai rassa, jan haushi da allurai masu farin jini Pendula (Pendula).

Masu sha'awar girma ƙananan tsire-tsire za suyi sha'awar: girma zuwa shekaru 60 zuwa 4 m Konika (Conica); 1-2 m Nana (Nana), da shekaru 30 ya girma har zuwa 0.5 m tare da kambi diamita of 1 m tare da mai launin kore-kore protruding tsawon needles Echiniformis (Echiniformis).

Kyakkyawan kyanwa na Kanada tare da allura shuɗi Cerulea (Coerulea), asalinsa rawaya mai launin shuɗi ne Aurea (Aurea).

Sprey Grey, ko Farin Furanci, ko Spruce na Kanada.

Tushewar shuɗi (Picea pungens) Synonym - Prickly Spruce. Yankin hunturu-iska, iska mai tsauri da fari, wanda ya fi sauran nau'ikan gas damar jurewa iska iska, wannan nau'in tsiro yana da tsawon rayuwa (kusan shekaru 500). Wannan babban itace, siriri da kyawawan launuka na itace daga sassan tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka, ya girma har zuwa 40 m, yana da kambi mai kamannin kambi, da kuma dogayen (har zuwa 3 cm). Smallanana (har zuwa 3 cm) cones launin ruwan kasa mai haske a cikin Satumba kuma yayi ado da itacen har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.

A cikin nau'ikan lambun daban-daban, allura na iya zama launin shuɗi, shuɗi, launin toka, har ma kusan fararen fata. Launin ta ya dogara da kauri daga daskararren kakin zuma akan allura matasa. Ta hanyar hunturu, sanyin sannu sannu a hankali ɓacewa kuma kambi ɗin ya zama duhu.

Ra'ayin yana da wadatattun bishiyoyin kayan ado na adon girma. Kyakkyawan: columnar gajere Fastigata (Fastigata); lebur kamshi dwarf Karamin (Ompacta); tare da bluish needles kuka Bonfire (Koster), wanda a tsayi na 10-15 m yana da kambi tare da diamita na 4-5 m; 1 m tare da fadin 1.5 m Glauca Globosa (Glauca globosa) Daga cikin bishiyoyi masu launi na Kirsimeti akwai koren duhu Atviridis (Atviridis); launin kore Glauka (Glauca); fari fari Tserulia (Coerulea); rawaya fari Flavescence (Yanay); tare da allura rawaya duk shekara Lutescens (Lutescens).

Tushewar shuɗi, ko tsiro mai tsiro.

Shawara mai amfani: Domin itacen Kirsimeti yayi kyau sosai, a farkon bazara ya zama dole don cire buds dake ƙarshen ƙarshen harbe.

Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) yayi girma a arewacin Turai da Asiya zuwa Kamchatka da Manchuria. Ta fi dacewa da yanayin matsanancin yanayin yankin arewa maso gabashin ƙasarmu. Hardy, undemanding zuwa haihuwa da ƙasa danshi, inuwa-m. Ya girma zuwa 30 m (yana dan shekara 12, tsawo 4 m), kambi yana da kambi mai kamanni, allurai masu duhu, 1-2 cm tsayi, Cones 6-7 cm mai tsayi, mai haske, mai yawa, launin ja-kasa-kasa.

Daga cikin nau'ikan kayan ado na wannan nau'in tsiro, da haɓaka mai sauri shine mafi ban sha'awa ga aikin lambu mai son Glauka (Glauca) tare da allura fari-fari. Wannan tsiro yana da yaduwa ta tsaba.

Siberian spruce.

Tien Shan karu, ko Tanshan yaji (Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianschanica), subsarin ofanwar da Schrucek na spruce (Picea schrenkiana), asalinsa daga kasar Sin. Kyakkyawan bishiyar tare da tsawo na 45 m tare da kambi mai kunkuntar. Ofarshen rassan suna jujjuyawa, tare da doguwar-kore mai tsawo (har zuwa 4 cm) allura mai siffa da kuma manyan (har zuwa 12 cm) cones mai launin ruwan kasa. Bishiya mai tsaurin sanyi, mai nema ruwa a jiki da kanshi, hoto. Shapeaƙƙarfan sifa ɗinsa yana da kyau musamman Girgiza kai (Globosa) har zuwa 1.8 m a diamita.

Tien Shan spruce, wasu ƙasƙancin Schrenka spruce.

Engelman sifa(Picea engelmannii), kuma tare da dan kadan drooping rassan, a kan abin da ceri, to, haske launin ruwan kasa cones flaunt farko. Abubuwan allura suna launin toka-kore, tsawon kusan 3 cm, mazugi conical. Yana girma har zuwa m 20. Yana da hunturu-Hardy, undemanding zuwa girma yanayi.

Daga cikin siffofin kayan ado na wannan tsiro sun fi kyau kyau don girma: launin toka-shuɗi Glauka Pendula (Pendula na Glauca), tare da rawanin kuka; launin shuɗi Glauka (Glauca); dwarf Microfila (Microphilla), mai kama da ƙwallo.

Engelman sifa

Yadda za a yi girma spruce?

Saukowa. Kamar kowane conifers, bishiyoyin spruce ana shuka su a kan yanar gizon a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu. Amma, idan yanayin yayi zafi, saukowa yana yiwuwa bayan 20 ga Agusta kuma har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. Spruce an dasa shi a nesa na 2-3 a cikin rami mai zurfi na 50-70 cm. Dage daga tubalin da ya karye da kauri na 15-20 cm an zuba shi cikin ƙasa kuma an cika shi zuwa kashi biyu cikin uku na abubuwan gina jiki, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa turf, haɗuwa ganye, peat da yashi a cikin rabo na 2 : 2: 1: 1. 100-150 g na nitroammophos an haɗa su a ciki kuma an cakuda su sosai. An dasa itaciya don tushen tushe yana a matakin ƙasa. Nan gaba, sun tabbata cewa ba a fallasa shi ba a binne shi saboda ƙasan ƙasa.

Bayan dasa, an yi rami, a shayar da shi tare da peat tare da Layer na 6-7 cm.

Serbian spruce, ko Balkan spruce.

Shawara mai amfani: Idan kun sayi conifers a cikin tukunya ko wani akwati, to, ku juya su zuwa ga zurfin abin da suke girma a can.

Novosovki mara ƙanƙantar da ƙasan bushewa da iska, don haka a cikin yanayin zafi suna buƙatar ɗaukar mako-mako (lita 10 na ruwa a kowace shuka) da yayyafa rawanin. Bayan kowace watering, kasar gona a kusa-kara da'irar ne kwance, ciyawa suna sako da kuma mulched da peat.

Manyan miya da ruwa. Ba lallai ba ne don ciyar da spruce, amma a farkon bazara (kafin harbe fara girma) yana da amfani don ƙara 100-120 g na taki na duniya zuwa da'irar akwati. Wasu nau'ikan tsiro na jiki ba su yarda da bushewar ƙurar ƙasa ba kuma suna buƙatar shayar da su a cikin yanayin zafi.

Yanda spruce. Idan an dasa spruces kamar shinge, to, suna buƙatar tsari na musamman. Sakamakon bangon kore wanda ba za'a iya canzawa ba ana samun shi ta hanyar abu biyu. A duk sauran halayen, a cikin bazara ko kaka, kawai bushe, ya karye ko kuma rassan da ke da cuta an cire su daga bishiyun, tun da samuwar kambi ya samu nasarar faruwa ta halitta. Idan biyu ya fara girma a lokaci guda, dole ne a cire ɗayansu ta hanyar yankan a gindi.

Shirye-shiryen hunturu. Matasan bishiyar Kirsimeti, sabbin shuka da wasu nau'ikan kayan ado suna buƙatar kariya daga kunar rana a jiki, farkon bazara da ƙarshen sanyi na damuna. A karkashin irin wannan tsire-tsire, ƙasa an mulched da peat, kuma an rufe allura tare da kayan da ba a saka ba, rassan spruce ko takarda kraft.

Spruce yadawa. Yawancin nau'ikan bishiyoyi yawanci ana girma daga tsaba, yayin da siffofin lambuna waɗanda masu shayarwa suka kirkiro daga tsiro ko ta hanyar grafting, tunda yayin yaduwar ƙwayar cuta yawancinsu sun rasa halayen ado.

Poyewar ƙwayar spruce tare da launin toka, Har ila yau, Canada Spruce, White Spruce.

Girma bishiyar Kirsimeti daga goro

Fir cones sun girma a lokuta daban-daban, amma ana girbe su saboda haihuwa a ƙarshen kaka. Kwayoyi (tsaba) daga Cones, waɗanda aka adana a cikin busassun wuri mai sanyi, ana fitar da su watanni 2-3 kafin a shuka kuma a sa a saƙa ɗaya don laushi ƙwanƙwasa da haɓaka tsiro. Da farko, ana tsoma tsaba tsawon mintina 30 a cikin maganin 0.5% na potassiumgangan, sannan a wanke da ruwa mai tsabta kuma a soaked har rana guda don kumburi. Sa'an nan kuma sanya shi a cikin jaka kapron tare da rigar yashi kuma an adana har sai an shuka shi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ko firiji.

Sown a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu a cikin greenhouse. Ana zubar da Sawdust a kan yashi mai yadin da aka sassaka tare da wani yanki na 2 cm, an ɗora tsaba a kansu kuma an yayyafa shi da sabon ruwan bishiyoyin tare da Layer na 1-1.5 cm, sannan, ana shayar da ciyawar sosai kuma an rufe shi da fim ko Furanin.

Hakanan zaka iya shuka ƙwayar spruce a cikin bazara da a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Daga nan sai aka rufe filin shuka da sanduna domin kada iska da ruwan sama su kada su tafi su lalata bishiyar ciyawar. Don kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye, ana cire wani dutsen da ba a saka ba ko suturar auduga daga sama. A tsakiyar watan Agusta, an cire firam ɗin daga hotbeds da kayan rufe; kusa da hunturu, ana rufe tsire-tsire da bushe bushe.

A lokacin da girma seedlings, kasar gona aka sa a cikin matsakaici m yanayin. A cikin yanayin zafi, ana ƙaruwa da adadi na ban ruwa. Don haka babu yawan zubar da ruwa, wanda zai haifar da lalata iri, ko gidajen katako ko wuraren kwana ana tallake su lokaci-lokaci. A lokacin rani, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire har sau uku tare da bayani na 0.1% hydropone bayani ko mullein diluted da ruwa 1: 5, hada saman miya tare da ruwa.

Kuna iya shuka tsaba na fir a cikin kwalaye waɗanda aka bar barran ga shekaru 2-3, yayin ƙirƙirar yanayin da ke sama na shuka.

Ko da kuwa wurin namo, bayan shekaru 2-3, ana yaɗa ƙwayoyin da suka girma a cikin bazara, suna sanyawa bayan cm 30-50. A lokacin lokacin dasawa, an lalace kuma tsayi tsayi da yawa ana sarewa. A lokaci guda, bai kamata a girgiza su ba don adana mycorrhiza da ke gudana a kan tushen, wanda ya zama dole don haɓaka mai kyau da haɓaka conifers. Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau a tsamo tushen tsarin a cikin daskararru daga kasar gona da humus a cikin rabo 2: 1.

A cikin sabon wuri, seedlingsa seedlingsan shuka yayi girma na wani shekaru 4. Sau ɗaya a mako ana shayar da su tare da kwance ƙasa, an shuka ciyayi, ana amfani da takin gargajiya ko ma'adinai. An ciyar da su a shekara ta biyu bayan dasawa a cikin bazara (kafin kumburi da kodan). Cakuda 500 g na taki, 25 g na superphosphate, 10 g na potassium nitrate an kara da 1 m2 na gadaje. Da takin mai magani suna ko'ina a cikin ƙasa, waɗanda aka warwatse a cikin ƙasa, an rufe su da sararin sarari zuwa zurfin 10 cm kuma ana shayar.

'Ya'yan itaciya masu shekaru 6-7 da aka shuka daga tsaba ana shuka su ne a wani wuri a cikin bazara ko farkon kaka. Sakamakon wurin da tushen tsarin yake zuwa wurin dasawa, yawanci suna amsawa da kyau.

Wani reshe na Sith spruce.

Girma bishiyar Kirsimeti daga twig

Siffofin kyawawan bishiyoyi, kamar sauran conifers, ana yadu da su ta hanyar kara itace. Yanke su a ƙarshen watan Afrilu (irin wannan lokacin rani ya fara yin tushe a cikin shekarar dasa); a watan Yuni, lokacin da harbe suka girma sosai (Yuni ya fara kirkiri kira a farkon shekarar kuma ya ɗauki tushe a shekara ta biyu); a watan Agusta, lokacin da ci gaban harbe ya tsaya kuma aka fara kwantawa da harbe-harbe (irin wannan itace ya fi dacewa ga itatuwan fir); a watan Satumba - Nuwamba (lignified, ko lokacin hunturu). Ana dasa shuki da bazara nan da nan, kuma a daidaita su har sai an adana lokacin bazara a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na 1-5 ° C da zafi mai ƙarfi.

Yankan yan 'yan shekaru 4-8 masu tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar tushe mafi kyau. Sai kawai harbe shekara. Kuma gaba daya, wani lokacin ma tare da itace mai shekaru 2 a gindi. Ana cire allura kawai a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren reshe zuwa zurfin dasawa (2-6 cm). Yawancin lokaci tsayin tsintsin tsintsiya shine 10-25 cm.

Shawara mai amfani: Don yankan rani, ya fi kyau a yanke harbe-harbe tun da sassafe, lokacin da kyallen tsirrai ke ɗauke da danshi. Idan yanayin ya yi hadari, ana iya aiwatar da huɗa lokacin da rana. Nan da nan bayan yankan rassan, kuna buƙatar saka su cikin daskararren fata ko burlap, musamman idan za'a yi sufuri.

Don yanke, an yi amfani da harbe daga saman kambi na sama, tun da yankewa a tsakiya ko a ƙasa na iya ba da kambi ko gefe guda ko ba daidai ba tare da kututture mai kauri, kuma baicin, suna da tushe sosai.

An dasa yankan a cikin gidan kore. Zai fi kyau idan an yi zafi da tsire mai tsiro, amma akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu a cikin gidajen rani, saboda haka za mu tsaya a gidan sanyi da kowane ɗan lambu zai iya ginawa. Ruwan ƙananan duwatsu ko tsakuwa ana dage farawa a kasan da keɓaɓɓun 4-5 cm, sannan an zuba ƙasa turf tare da wani yanki na 10 cm 10, kuma an wanke ruwan kogin tare da wani yanki na 5-6 cm akan sa. Cm 30. Don shading, an sanya burlap a saman fim. A cikin greenhouse, zazzabi na ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance 21-27 ° C, kuma iska ya kamata ƙasa 5-7 ° ƙasa. A wannan batun, a farkon lokacin bazara, ana buƙatar ƙarin dumama na ƙasa ƙasa.

Kafin dasa shuki da peren a tsawon rabin, suna nutsar da su na rana a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate ko a cikin wani diluted tushen ci gaban stimulator (misali, tushe). Dasa a cikin yashi a koyaushe a wani kusurwa na 30 digiri zuwa zurfin 2-6 cm, sanya a tazara daga 10 cm, kuma nan da nan shayar da yawa.

Bayan haka, ana shayar da shi a cikin bazara, yana fesawa daga abin sha tare da ƙananan ramuka, sau ɗaya a rana, a lokacin rani - har sau huɗu. A watan Agusta, lokacin da tushen ya bayyana, ana rage ruwa zuwa kullun kuma an cire shading.

Bayan fara tushen, ana samun kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar fesa ganyen tare da cakuda abinci mai ma'adinin.Don shirya shi, 1 g na ruwa an narke shi tare da g 8 na ammonium nitrate, 20 g na superphosphate mai sauƙi, 1-2 g na magnesium sulfate, 16 g na potassium nitrate, 30 g na sucrose, 60 mg na indolylacetic acid (IAA). Don hunturu, an rufe ganyen da ciyawa ko ganye bushe. An canza shi zuwa ga bude ƙasa a watan Afrilu na shekara mai zuwa kuma ya girma a kamar yadda tsire-tsire iri na shekaru 2-3.

Alurar Kirismeti ta alurar riga kafi

Don haka baza a iya yada spruce ba kuma siffofin kayan ado ne kawai. Yara masu shekaru 4-5 suna girma daga zuriyar itaciyar bishiyoyi da ke girma a gundumar, kuma azurfa, shuɗi, hawaye ko wani irinsu ana dasa su da itace a kansu.

Shawara mai amfani: Idan itaciyarku ta karye ƙwanƙwal, ya maye gurbinsa da wadda take kusa da ita. Don yin wannan, sanya fegi kusa da shuka, ƙulla wani reshe da aka zaɓa a kai. Don kada wani tsalle kusa, ja 'yan tagwayen da suke girma kusa da reshe ga juna. Cire mairter ba ya wuce shekara guda baya.

Girbi a watan Nuwamba (hunturu) grafts aka inoculated daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Yuni; yanke a cikin bazara (kafin budding) - daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.

Spruce (da sauran conifers) mafi yawa ana dasa shi ne da ƙwaƙwalwa, yana haɗa sassan ɓangaren da aka sanya ta hanyar amfani da wuka a kan tushe na seedling (rootstock) da kuma a kan yanke (dasa). Yana da kyau kuma a inganta ingantaccen haɗin haɗin gwiwa, a cikin abin da ake yin ƙarin cikon a cikin na uku na ɓangaren jari da ƙananan sashin uku na scion. Sakamakon spikes lokacin nadawa yanka ya shiga cikin kowane ɗayan ku riƙe scion a kan jari da tabbaci.

Duk da haka yi amfani da inoculation na itace butt akan cambium. A wannan hanyar, an cire rassa na kusurwa da allura a kan karar 8-10 cm mai tsawo, yana barin kawai a koda apical. Ana yin wannan yanki ta yadda za'a sami ribar mai gefe daya. A kan tushen, 3-4 cm a ƙasa da toho apical, da farko cire allurai, sannan kuma tare da bakin ciki cire cire haushi a cikin yanki daidai yake da yanke na riƙe. Haɗa sassan biyu.

Lokacin da alurar riga kafi, gindi da cambium akan cambium a kan jari (da ke ƙasa da toho apical ko a gindi na shekara-shekara harbi) yanke haushi tare da cambial yankin. Wani yanki na haushi a kan hannun an yi shi da irin tsawon kuma a haɗa sassan biyu.

Shawara mai amfani: Lokacin da girma shuka a grafted, kar ka manta cewa tana buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai. Hanya na yau da kullun, kwance, shayarwa da feshewa, mulching da'irar gangar jikin tare da peat ko takin (4-6 kg / m2) suna da mahimmanci ainun ga irin bishiyoyin Kirsimeti.

An ɗaure allurar rigakafin tare da kaset ɗin filastik mai ban sha'awa (na farko tare da jigilar sawu, sannan kuma tare da ci gaba mai tsini) kuma an rufe shi da gonar var.

Bayan ya yi tsayi, an kwance maƙarar ko an cire shi gaba ɗaya kuma an graft graft ɗin.

A cikin shekara ta biyu, an cire rassan rootstock da kashi ɗaya bisa uku a bishiyar Kirsimeti da ke rubuce kuma a lokaci guda an cire saman saman makama. A cikin shekara ta 3-4, an yanke rassan dabbobin da ke da ƙarfi sosai, kuma a shekara ta 4 zuwa 5, an yanke su cikin zobe.

A cikin shekarar farko, ana kafa tsiro 1 zuwa 4 zuwa 5 cm a farjin, kuma bayan shekaru 6 ana iya dasa shukar da aka dasa a wuri na dindindin.

Norway spruce, ko ƙasashen Turai.

Kariyar kyakkyawa

Yellowing of Pine needles za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar bayyanar kwaro a kan rassanta - spruce-fir Hamisa. Garuruwanta, masu kama da farin ulu na auduga, galibi ana samin bakin ƙasan allurar. Don kawar da wannan kwaro, ya zama dole a watan Afrilu don fesa rassan tare da maganin aiki na shirye-shiryen anti ko Kakakin (20 g da 10 l na ruwa).

Idan matasa harbe kama da ƙone, to, lalle ne talakawa spruce sawfly zauna a kan itace. Lokacin da mahaukatanta suka bayyana, ku bi da rassan tare da Fufanon (20 ml a cikin 10 l na ruwa).

Bayyanan alamun launin shuɗi akan allura tare da rawaya mai haske ko launin ruwan kasa alama ce ta cutar, wacce ake kira "shute na al'ada." Don dakatar da ci gaba da cutar, a cikin bazara da kuma a watan Yuli-Satumba, fesa bishiyar Kirsimeti tare da sulfur colloidal (200 g da lita 10 na ruwa), ko kineb (50-100 g da lita 10 na ruwa), ko ruwa na Bordeaux (100 g da lita 10 na ruwa).

Ana kula da rassan tare da kwayoyi iri ɗaya don tsatsa (aibobi orange a kan allura, kumburi a kan harbe). Tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na cutar, dole ne a yanke rassan da aka shafa ko ma a soke shi don dakatar da kamuwa da sauran mazaunan gonar.

Mawallafi: Tatyana Dyakova, Dan takarar ilimin kimiyyar aikin gona