Walnut amfanin gona mai mahimmanci ne wanda aka girma a tsakiyar Asiya da Ukraine, a kudu na Rasha, a Moldova da kuma Belarus. Komawa a zamanin USSR, an samo nau'ikan walnuts masu yawa tare da samarwa mai girma, an sami kyakkyawan juriya mai ƙarfi da rashin haɓakawa kuma sun tabbatar da kansu da kyau. A yau, masu shayarwa daga kasashe daban-daban suna ci gaba da wannan aikin, don haka kewayon nau'ikan sha'awar lambu sun yawaita sosai.
Abincin Walnut, hoto da bayanin
Daga cikin nau'in irin goro na Rasha akwai wadatattun masu yawa, amma Ideal ne kawai ya iya cinye lambunan yankin Black Earth, yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya da ƙananan Volga, har ma da wasu yankuna na yankin Non-Chernozem. Dalilin wannan sanannen shine kyakkyawan juriya ga sanyi, rikitaccen kambi, wanda baya girma sama da mita 5, gami da saurin amfanin gonar. Kamar yadda za'a iya gani a cikin hoto, Ideaƙƙarfin irin goro ya fara bada 'ya'ya a farkon shekara ko na biyu bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Gyada mai inganci Gyada yana jure sanyi har zuwa 30-35 ° C. Hunturu yana da haƙuri da kyau ba kawai ta haushi da perennial itace ba, har ma da harbe na bara.
Idan sanyaya zai iya haifar da lalacewar wannan nau'in, to, a cikin bazara a lokacin dawowar sanyi. A wannan yanayin, ana ajiye yanayin ta hanyar tsawaita maimaitawar fure, samar da asarar fure fure da suka buɗe a watan Mayu.
An girbe a cikin buroshi, lemun tsami madaidaiciya mai nauyin gram 10-12 ana girbe su daga tsakiyar Satumba. Babban zuciyar yana sama da rabin nauyin. A kwasfa na wannan iri-irin irin goro ne na bakin ciki, sauƙi m daga cikin kwaya.
Gyada Mai Girma
Wani sanannen sanannun tsakanin gardenersan lambu Russia shine Walnut Giant, mai suna bayan manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, waɗanda zasu iya awo har 35 grams. Wannan amfanin gona yana kusa da nau'in amfanin da ya gabata a yawan amfanin ƙasa. Itatuwan kuma suna kankantuwa, kuma kambin da yake yadawa baya wuce mita 5-7 ba.
Giant iri-iri yana da tsayayya da cututtukan goro na yau da kullun, baya jin tsoron zafin winters na Rasha kuma yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace sosai tare da matsakaicin danshi da ƙasa mai laushi.
Sa Walnut Graceful
Dogon ciyayi na tsirrai da kuma tsoron dusar sanyi ta tsoma baki tare da samun amfanin gona mai ciyawa na tsakiyar lambu.
Godiya ga aikin shayarwa, iri ya bayyana wanda ya magance waɗannan matsalolin. Wadannan farkon farfadowa, nau'in unpreentious sun haɗa da irin goro mai laushi, wanda ingantaccen inganci da dandano mai dadi, 'ya'yan itacen sun shirya don girbi a tsakiyar Satumba. A wannan yanayin, bishiyoyi:
- ba tsoron fari da cututtuka gama gari;
- kwari ba sa shafar kwari;
- kyakkyawan kambi mai tsayi har ya kai mita 5 a saukake ana bautar dashi a cikin lambun masu zaman kansu.
Koyaya, tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa har zuwa 20 kilogiram a kowace bishiya, tsire-tsire ba sa tsira da sanyi sosai, a lokacin da abin ya shafa da kodan, rassan kasusuwa da kuma gangar jikin suna wahala.
Abincin Walnut
Bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri suna girma zuwa mita 6 ba ga tsayi, ba a fassara su zuwa yanayin girma da hunturu sosai har ma a cikin matsanancin yanayi. Gyada abinci irin ya sami sunan ta saboda kyawun haihuwarta. Daga shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa, tsirrai na iya samar da kilogiram 10 na ƙwayoyin da aka zaɓa waɗanda ke yin nauyin gram 10. Tarin nasu yana farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Satumba kuma, gwargwadon yankin dasa, ya ƙare kusan ƙarshen Oktoba.
Walnut Aurora
Daga cikin nau'ikan sanyi mai jure sanyi waɗanda ke tsayayya da sanyi da cututtuka, irin goro na Aurora yana jin daɗin ƙara yawan lambu. Ba kamar Manufa ko Giant ba, waɗannan bishiyoyi sun fi ƙarfin girma da tsayi. 'Ya'yan fari na farko akan tsire-tsire suna bayyana tun yana da shekaru huɗu, kuma yayin da suke girma, suna ba da cikakkiyar wadatar haɓaka mafi inganci. A matsakaici, yawan goro ya kai gram 12, alkukin tare da kyakkyawan teburin ɗanɗano ya zama sama da 50% na taro.
Zorya Orient Walnut
Wani tsutsar irin goro, da sauri yana shiga cikin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, ya samar da kambi na mita 3-4. Kodayake kwayoyi na Dawn na Gabas baza'a iya kiran su da yawa ba, nauyin su shine gram 9-10, al'adar tana gamsar da amfanin da yakai 25 kilogiram a kowane itace.
Gyada mai shayarwa
Dan kadan kadan, kimanin kilogiram 20 na gyada yana samar da iri iri. Al'adar da ke karkatar da kudanci ta kasance sanadin yanayin kwanciyar hankali, fruiting na shekara-shekara tare da galibi an sanya kambi na ovaries. Duk da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari, tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da sanyi. Bayan matsanancin hunturu, ba kawai kodan suna wahala ba, har ma da perennial itace, haushi da rassan kwarangwal da tushe.
Tall irin goro iri don pollination, grafting da aikin lambu
Tunda yawancin nau'ikan gyada suna da cikakken ko kuma wani ɓangare na kai, suna buƙatar pollinators.
Kamar yadda irin wannan tsire-tsire, masu shayarwa suna ba da iri:
- Ganye mai tsayi har zuwa tsawon bishiyoyin hunturu-14 masu tsananin ƙarfi da ɗaukar manyan kwayoyi;
- Orion, har ilayau ya kai tsawan mita 16 da kuma samar da kwayoyi 11 masu ɗauke da kwayoyi masu haske;
- Marion, daidai yake da tsayi da ƙarfi, yana samar da gram 12 na ƙwayoyin harsashi.
Wadannan nau'in walnuts ana amfani dasu ba kawai azaman pollinators ba, har ma a matsayin manyan hannun jari, kuma har ila yau, godiya ga madaidaicin kambi mai ganye, don shimfidar wurare.
Yankin Ukrainian da Belarusian irin irin goro
Areabi'ar zaɓi na Ukrainian ake horar da su a kudancin Rasha da Ukraine. Wadannan nau'ikan sun hada da:
- Bukovinsky 1 da 2;
- Bombv Bukovina;
- Carpathian;
- Transnistria har ma fiye da dozin iri mai ban sha'awa tare da matsakaici ko manyan kwayoyi.
Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya daga Belarus suna da haɗin kai sosai a cikin kiwo irin goro. Mafi shaharar da nau'ikan su shine irin goro Pamyat Minova.
Wannan nau'in, wanda ya yi gwajin iri daban-daban shekaru 15 da suka gabata, mallakar manyan frua .an itace ne. Kwayar itace akan manyan manyan bishiyoyi ana kafa su kowace shekara, akasari akan firam na harbe. A karo na farko, ana iya sa ran fitar da fruiting daga wannan nau'in shekaru 6 bayan dasa. Girbi yana faruwa a farkon rabin Satumba.
Mafi nisa walnuts kudu suna girma, mafi girma iri ana amfani da lambu. Misali, a cikin gidajen lambuna na Moldovan ba kasafai ba ke nan, wanda ya kai tsayin mita 20-25. Amma koda waɗannan tsire-tsire na iri iri suna nesa daga ƙaƙƙarfan baƙar fata na fata na fata zuwa Arewacin Amurka, yana girma zuwa tsayin mita 40.
Wannan al'ada tana ƙara sha'awar lambu waɗanda ke sane da fa'idodi masu amfani na fruitsa ofan wannan itaciyar da halayen ado na itace. Duk da kamanceceniya a bayyanar walnuts da baƙaƙe na fata, waɗannan nau'ikan biyu ne daban-daban waɗanda ke da halaye daban-daban da fasahar noma.
