Tauraruwar Kirsimeti, wani suna don Poinsettia, itace dattiren bishiyoyi masu yankan bishiyoyi tare da jan furanni na ƙungiyar Euphorbiaceae. Bracts suna ba wa shuka ɗanɗano iri-iri - manyan ganyayyaki masu banbanci a saman harbe. Wadannan ganyayyaki na iya zama ruwan hoda, ja mai haske, cream, rawaya har da tabo da bicolor. Sun kasance a kan poinsettia na 'yan makonni kawai.
Kai tsaye da furanni na mai Kirsimeti taurari ne wajen inconspicuous - kore-rawaya, da kananan tsawon. Iyalin suna da quite 'yan irine:
- poinsettia ita ce mafi kyau;
- poinsettia mai sihiri;
- poinsettia mai haske;
- babban poinsettia;
- mil mil na poinsettia.
A gida, tsirrai biyu na shekara da na shekara biyu suna yin ciyawar.
Star Kirsimeti Star: Bayani
Tauraruwar Kirsimeti itace shuka ta cikin gida na kankanin hasken rana, saboda wannan tsiron yana fure da ƙaramin haske a cikin hunturu. Gashi mai tushe, mai kafaɗa, ganye yana da zurfin kore ko sautin biyu - tare da firam mai tsami, tare da petiole-ja. Furanni masu launin kore-rawaya, ƙananan, tattara a cikin inflorescences. Fulawa tayi tsawon makonni 3-7.
Poinsettia mafi kyawu (euphorbia) itace tsintsiya daga rukuni na euphorbiaceae, wanda ke girma a cikin yanayin halitta a Mexico. Idan kun murƙushe ganye na wannan tsiron, to, ruwan 'ya'yan itace fari zai fito, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin lafiyan fata ga fata.
Don adana poinsettia ɗakin da kuka saya kafin Kirsimeti a cikin mafi kyawun tsari, shigar da shi a kan windowsill na rana, shirya kullun zazzabi (kimanin digiri 21 a cikin rana da akalla digiri 15 a cikin dare). Ruwa da shuka kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa ta yadda ruwa ya ratsa ta madadin kuma ya bar ramin magudanar, amma kada ku bari shuka ya kasance "cikin ruwa." Hakanan, kar a bada izinin zane ko kuma wani aiki na sanyi (alal misali, taɓa takarda zuwa gilashin sanyi akan taga), tunda shuka yayi saurin ɓoyewa kuma yana faɗuwa da sauri tare da kowane alamun rashin jin daɗi.
Labarin fure fati
Kyakkyawan Furen Kirsimeti Kirsimeti yana da kyawawan dogon tarihi. Na farko connoisseurs na wannan shuka sune Aztecs, waɗanda suka kira wannan fure cuetlaxochitl. Daga gadajen furanninsa masu launin shuɗi, sun sami ruwan ɗumi na gargajiya don yadudduka da kayan kwalliya, kuma suna amfani da farin ruwan 'yar tsirran don magance zazzaɓi.
Mutanen Amurka sun ga mafi kyawun euphorbia tare da taimakon masanin ilimin botanist da Dr. J. R. Poinsett, (1778-1852). Shi ne jakadan Amurka na farko a Mexico a lokacin Shugaba Madison. Babban sha'awar Poinsett shine tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire. A karo na farko da ya ga euphorbia a Meziko a cikin 1827, Poinsett ya aika samfurori kai tsaye zuwa ga lambunsa a Greenville, inda daga nan ya fara yaduwar shuka da aika samfurori zuwa lambunan botanical daban-daban. A cikin 1831, wannan fure ya fada cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci kuma cikin sauri ya zama sananne a ƙarƙashin sunan poinsettia (wanda aka fassara zuwa harshen Rashanci kamar sunan poinsettia). Al'adar samo poinsettia don Kirsimeti daga Amurka ya koma Turai.
Kulawar furen Kirsimeti
Wannan gidan ya fi son watsawa da haske mai haske, ba tare da haskoki kai tsaye na rana ba. A lokacin rani, ya kamata a fallasa poinsettia zuwa wurare masu haske da kuma zuwa ga iska mai kyau (lambun, loggia), kare daga hasken rana kai tsaye, daga iska da ruwan sama. Idan babu wata hanyar da za a sake shirya fure a cikin iskar sabo a lokacin rani, to kuwa kuna buƙatar kwantar da dakin lokaci-lokaci.
Don yin shuka don fure don Sabuwar Shekara, daga farkon Oktoba kana buƙatar tsayayya da tsarin haske. Tare da isowar faɗuwar rana, kuna buƙatar rufe daji tare da jakar duhu wanda ba ya barin haske kuma cire shi kawai da safe ko sake shirya fure a wuri mai duhu (daji ya kamata ya kasance cikin duhu awanni 11-15 a rana). Dole ne a yi wannan don watanni biyu, bayan kulawa ta al'ada ta faru. Haske mai tsayi, ciki har da wucin gadi, yana hana samuwar inflorescences kuma yana inganta haɓakar ɗan adam. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan amfani da "gajeren rana" dabara, da daji Forms buds na inflorescences. Tare da kasancewa na gaba na shuka a cikin wannan yanayin, braids masu haske suna bayyana.
- Matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin hutawa shine 11-15C.
- Zazzabi a lokacin sanyi a lokacin hunturu yana aƙalla 13-15C.
- Ragowar shekara, shuka tana da kyau a zazzabi na ɗakin al'ada na 17-24C.
Watse
Ana shayar da shi da yawa a lokacin bazara, kamar yadda saman ƙasa yake bushewa. A cikin hunturu, shayar sparingly, ba tare da samar da danshi mai ƙarfi da bushewa ƙasa - dole ne ya kasance ɗan danshi a koyaushe.
Lokacin hutawa
Poinsettia na da lokacin hutawa. Bayan da katakon takalmin ya lalace, shuka yana yin ɗan gajeren hutawa (kimanin watanni 2). A halin yanzu bukata rage rage shayarwa (yana hana duniya bushewa gaba ɗaya), ci gaba da poinsettia a cikin ɗaki mai danshi na matsakaici (11-15C).
Jin zafi
A shuka yana bukatar zafi zafi. Ganyen daji na fure yakamata a fesa shi tare da tsaftataccen lokaci, da laushi da ruwa mai ɗumi. Za a iya tukunya da poinsettia akan pallet tare da peat rigar ko yumɓu da aka lalace.
Manyan miya
Bait na lokaci bayan ƙarshen lafazin zai taimaka ga farkon fure. Wajibi ne a ciyar da sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu daga bazara zuwa kaka tare da cikakken kayan ma'adinai na maida hankali akan al'ada.
Juyawa
An dasa shuka a kowace shekara a cikin bazara (galibi a watan Afrilu). A watan Maris, an yanke rassan da kashi na uku (barin 4-6 mai ƙarfi a daji) kuma sake shirya daji akan windowsill a rana mai sanyi a cikin ɗaki mai dumi. Shayar da ruwa kadan dumi. Lokacin da aka kafa ganyayyaki, an dasa poinsettia a cikin tukunya, kadan fiye da na baya.
Isasa yana ɗan acidic (pH kimanin 6). Za'a iya yin daskararren yanki daga yumɓun yumɓu da yumɓu, yumbu da peat a cikin rabo na 2: 3: 1: 1. Ana buƙatar kyakkyawan malalewa. Bayan dasawa, daji ya sake shirya wurin dumi (kamar 21C) kuma ya fara fesawa da ruwa da kyau. Ba da daɗewa ba, sabon harbe zai fara nunawa a kan shuka. Kuna buƙatar barin shootsan kaɗan (4-5 mafi ƙarfi) harbe, kuma yanke sauran. Za'a iya amfani da yankan yadudduka don yada fure kamar yayan itace.
Kula da kyakkyawan yanayin bayyanan bishiyoyi: a tabbata cewa rassan fure ba sa tsiraici kuma tsayi. Idan haka ta faru, bayan haka zaka iya sake datse harbe-harbe don yin busasshiyar daji.
Kiwo
Ana yada tauraron Kirsimeti a farkon lokacin bazara ko bazara. apical cuttings. A shirya rike dole ne a kalla 5 internodes. Lokacin yankan yankan, an saki farin ruwan 'ya'yan itace - latex, za'a iya cire shi da takarda mai gogewa, bayan wannan an rufe sassan da gawayi da gawayi. Idan latex ya fito sosai, to, kuna buƙatar sanya sandunan na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin ruwa mai sanyi, sannan rufe tare da gawayi. Wannan yana kare yanke daga lalacewa, tunda ruwan 'ya'yan itacen shuka ya toshe tasoshin, yana hana gundarin yanki, wanda zai iya cutar da shuka.
Tushen Tushen suna buƙatar kasancewa cikin ruwa ko a cikin sako da sako mai taushi - yashi da peat, an ɗauka a cikin sassan m. Don ƙarin tushen aiki, za a iya amfani da abubuwan ƙarfafawa (alal misali, heteroauxin). Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a kusan 25-27C, a lokaci-lokaci kuma ana taɗaɗɗen gangariyar tare da yan itace. Bayan samuwar Tushen (mafi yawan lokuta bayan wata daya), ana dasa kananan matasa zuwa kananan tukwane. An daji daga ƙananan an datsa, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen sa jeri.
Matakan tsaro
Juen Poinsettia Abinci ne kuma yana iya haifar da cin zarafi kamar:
- amai
- tuntuɓar dermatitis;
- zawo
- ciwon ciki.
Ga mutane masu hankali, wannan daji na iya haifar da rashin lafiyan pollen. Dukkanin jan kafa tare da shuka dole ne a yi a hankali, zai fi dacewa da safofin hannu. Bayan an kammala aiki, yakamata a wanke hannaye da sabulu.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa:
- Sakamakon ruwa mai zurfi na ƙasa, ko tare da rauni mai rauni, ganyayen ganye ko faɗuwa a kashe na iya faruwa.
- Thrips sa da samuwar wavy oblong aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki da yatsunsu.
- Damagearin lalacewar furen yana da mealybugs, wanda ke rufe ganyayyaki tare da raɓa na zuma.
- A cikin ƙaramin haske, ya bar fure kuma ya faɗi.
- Ganyayyaki na bazuwa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da alamun wilting a cikin iska ko a cikin yanayin zafi sosai.
- Bushewa da rawaya ganye da ma mutuwar daji alama ce ta kamuwa da cuta da ƙwayar gizo-gizo.
- Tare da bushewa da iska mai zafi a ɗaka, gefuna na ganye ya zama launin ruwan kasa ko launin rawaya, furanni sun faɗi.
Poinsettias na iya girma ta halitta a gida kawai a gefen kudu, a cikin ɗakuna bushe da zafi. Shuka ba ya tsayayya da zazzabi kasa da + 11-14 digiri. Poinsettia yana buƙatar adadin danshi mai yawa a lokacin bazara da bazara, amma a lokacin hunturu da damuna na ruwa ya kamata ya zama kaɗan. Hakanan, shuka ba ya yarda da canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da kuma zayyana.
Nasihun Kula da Poinsettia
Saboda shuka ya iya fure kuma takalmin ya sami launi mai haske, dole ne a girma poinsettia a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kama da na halitta a lokacin fure. Yana da matukar wahala a sanya waɗannan yanayi kusa da canjin yanayin wuraren ci gaban halitta na shuka. Saboda haka, mutanen da suke nesa da aikin lambu sun gwammace su samo wata itaciya a kowace shekara a cikin hunturu (a mataki na budding) sannan kuma su jefa shi idan an gama fure kuma braids masu haske zasu faɗi.
Amma a tsakanin mutane da yawa lambu "hannun ba ya tashi kuma rai ba ya yarda" to jefa wani m iri na daji wanda ya kawo musu farin ciki mai yawa - tunda zai iya Bloom da girma gaba na dogon lokaci. Idan kuna son yin ƙoƙari don ci gaba da tauraron Kirsimeti har zuwa shekara ta gaba saboda tausayawa, don ceton kuɗi da sha'awa - to anan ga tipsan shawarwari kan yadda ake yin hakan.
Bayan tsiron ya yi fure, kuna buƙatar rage rassan ta rabi da sake saita daji a cikin ɗakin bushe tare da zazzabi na akalla + 11-14 digiri na tsawon makonni biyu tare da wahalar shayarwa. A watan Mayu rassan daji bukatar yanka kuma (barin kusan 16 cm tsawonsa daga ƙasa), dasa shuki a cikin tukunyar da ya fi girma, sake sanya shi a cikin ɗakin rana da dumi kuma lokaci-lokaci yana shayar da shi.
Ba da daɗewa ba, harbe zai fara nunawa a daji, kuna buƙatar barin kaɗan daga cikin ƙarfi, kuma cire sauran harbe.
Hoursarancin awoyi na hasken rana muhimmi ne don haɓaka kyawawan abubuwa masu kyau da kyawawan launuka da fure poinsettias. A watan Disamba, inflorescences ya kamata ya fara girma a kan shuka, to, zaku iya sake shirya furen a kan windowsill na rana. Idan an kula da ta dace, to a ranar Kirsimeti wani poinsettia na godiya zai zama mafi ɗaukakafiye da da, launi da bracts kuma fara fure.
Ba tare da la'akari da ko kun girma poinsettia da hannuwanku ba ko kuma kun sayi fure a cikin shago - tabbas zai zama cibiyar kula da Kirsimeti. Kar ka manta sanya kwandon shara tare da jan fure a cikin tukunyar filawa mai kyau sannan ka sanya daji a wani wuri mai kama. Wataƙila za ku yanke shawarar saita poinsettia a tsakiyar tebur na bikin kuma ku kewaye shi da kyandir ko wasu halayen bikin. A bisa ga al'ada, Kirsimeti ya zo kowane gida tare da poinsettia.
