Bulbous herbaceous perennial shuka Tigridia (Tigridia) wakilin dangi ne Kasatikovye (Iris). A cewar bayanai daban-daban, wannan halittar tana hade da nau'ikan 20-55. Yankunan wannan al'ada ya haɗu daga Mexico a arewa zuwa Peru da Chile a kudu. Sunan wannan fure ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin tigris (a cikin yanayin shari'ar - tigridis), wanda a cikin fassarar yana nufin "damisa", mai yiwuwa wannan ya faru ne saboda bambancin launi na farji. A baya can, Aztecs sun rayu a Meziko, sun girma waɗannan furanni, saboda suna da kaddarorin magani. A cikin Turai, an fara fara tigridia tun ƙarni na 16, amma ba a taɓa samun shahararrun ta ba a cikin lambu, wataƙila hakan ta faru ne sakamakon gaskiyar cewa irin wannan tsiron yana fure ne kawai a farkon rabin rana, kuma fure yana da tsawon rayuwa na awanni 8 kacal.
Fasali na tigridia
Tsawon daji na tigridia na iya bambanta daga 0.3 zuwa 0.7 m. A ko'ina filayen faranti masu launin kore masu launin suna da siffar xiphoid. A saman kibiyoyi furanni guda ne, kuma ana iya tattara su cikin guda 2 ko 3. Furanni suna da sihiri mai kamannin gaske, yayi kama da na malam buɗe ido. 'Ya'yan itace akwati ne, a ciki wanda aka matse, ananan tsaba.
Tigridia dasa a cikin ƙasa bude
Wani lokaci don shuka
Tun da kwararan fitila na tigridia suna da mummunar mummunar cutar zuwa frosts, ya kamata a dasa su a cikin ƙasa bude kawai bayan yanayin dumin yanayi ya tashi cikin, a matsayin mai mulkin, wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen makonni na bazara ko lokacin bazara na farko. Don dasawa, ya kamata ka zaɓi yanki mai amfani da rana a waje. Zai yuwu haɓaka wannan al'ada a cikin inuwa ta bangirma, kodayake, a wannan yanayin peduncles zai zama mai rauni da na bakin ciki, sabili da haka zasu buƙaci garter ga tallafi. Hakanan, shafin yakamata ya sami kariya daga zayyana abubuwa da kwatsam na iska, tunda zasu iya cutar da bakin fure da mai rauni na wannan fure. Asan da ta dace ya kamata ya zama sako-sako, haske, matsakaici mai laushi, ingattaccen ruwa mara ruwa. Za'a iya gyara ƙasa mai ƙima da yawa ta ƙara ƙarad ko yashi a ciki.
Dokokin saukarwa
Nan da nan kafin dasa, dasa kayan don 'yan awanni kaɗan yana buƙatar a nutsar da shi a cikin maganin maganin Maxim (milligrams 2 a kowace lita 1 na ruwa). Kwararan fitila da aka bi ta wannan hanyar za a kiyaye su daga Fusarium, farin da launin toka da sauran cututtukan. A wane zurfi don rufe albasarta ya dogara da girman su. Misali, mafi karancin albasarta ana buƙatar dasa shi zuwa zurfin kusan 50 mm, kuma mafi girma ana binne su a cikin ƙasa ta 100 mm. Tsakanin kwararan fitila a jere, ya kamata a lura da aƙalla aƙalla 15 santimita, yayin da nisa tsakanin layuka yakamata yakai santimita 20. Za'a iya ganin 'ya'yan seedlings na farko kawai bayan kwanaki 30-40, waɗanda suka girma bushes zasu yi fure a watan Agusta, amma a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da lokacin yin fure kafin sanyi, wanda yake mummunan mummunan maye gurbin kwararan fitila. A wannan batun, lambu gogaggen shawara, kafin dasa shuki corms a bude ƙasa, don su girma a gida. Don yin wannan, a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris an sanya su don distillation. Za'a bayyana ƙarin game da wannan a cikin sashi akan dasa wannan tsiron.
Kula da tigridia a cikin lambu
Girma tigridia a cikin lambun ka mai sauƙi ne. Tana buƙatar tabbatar da ingantaccen shayarwa, weeding, kayan miya da kwance ƙasa na ƙasa tsakanin bushes. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna ba da shawara cewa farfajiyar shafin tabbatar da cewa an rufe shi da wani ciyawa, wannan ba kawai zai iya kiyaye tsarin ƙasa ba, har ma zai iya rage yawan shayarwa, weeding da loosening. Hakanan, zai zama dole don cire furannin da suka fara lalacewa, kuma koda ya zama dole, sai a banzanta bushes ɗin zuwa kututture ko ƙwaya biyu.
Yadda ake ruwa da ciyarwa
Lokacin da girma a cikin lambu, wannan inji yana buƙatar tsari na ruwa. A lokacin fari fari, ya kamata a shayar da bushes kowace rana, yayin amfani da irin wannan adadin ruwa wanda ƙasa zata iya yin rigar zuwa zurfin corms. Hakanan, tare da fari mai tsawo, ɓangaren m na bushes ɗin buƙatar buƙatar danshi da ruwa mai ƙima daga bindiga da aka fesa da yamma.
Idan a cikin shirye-shiryen dasa dukkanin takin zamani da suka zama dole ne aka gabatar dasu a cikin kasar, to zaku iya mantawa game da ciyar da tigridia har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. Idan kasar gona mara kyau ko tsautsayi, to, za a buƙaci ciyar da bushes kamar sau biyu a kakar, kuma suna amfani da maganin hadadden takin (3 grams da 1 lita na ruwa). Ciyar da yakamata a yi makonni 4 bayan bayyanuwar foliage da kuma lokacin hutu.
Juyawa
Domin tsire-tsire su yi fure da wuri, a farkon lokacin bazara, ana buƙatar girma kwararan fitila a cikin yanayin ɗakin. Ya kamata a dasa su a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris a cikin tukunya tare da cakuda ƙasa mai sauƙi. 3 ko 4 corms ana shuka su ne a cikin tukunya 1 sau ɗaya, yayin da suke buƙatar binne su a cikin substrate da aƙalla 30 mm. A cikin makonni na farko, kwararan fitila za su buƙaci samar da matsakaici watering. Bayan corms sun fara shuka, ya kamata a kara yawan ban ruwa, ya kamata a lura cewa ya kamata substrate ya sami rigar zuwa zurfin wanda tushen corms suke. Zai fi kyau dasa tukwane tare da shimfidu masu yawa don magudanar ruwa don dasa shuki, kuma tsaunin farantin ya kamata ya zama mai tsayi sosai domin tigridia na iya shirya ƙananan shayarwa. Tare da irin wannan ban ruwa, hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal yana da ƙananan ƙarancin ƙarfi. Bayan kibiyoyi sun bayyana, ana buƙatar canjawa da tubers tare da tubers zuwa sill taga da-lit mai kyau. Ka tuna cewa an zartar da magudanun waɗannan tsire-tsire. Saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude wadannan corms ne da za'ayi a farkon zamanin Yuni.
Zurfin ramin dasawa domin shuka da aka dasa ya zama daga 0,5 zuwa 0.6 m. A kasan ramin, yakamata a yi magudanar shara na doki ko tubalin da ya karye, yayin da kaurin sa ya kamata daga 0.2 zuwa 0.25 m. ya kamata ya shimfiɗa ƙasa mai laka ta kauri ɗaya kamar na baya. Sannan ya zama dole a sanya gawa mai fure a jikinta, bayan haka ramin ya cika da kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Shuke-shuke shuke-shuke da bukatar yawan watering.
Kiwo tigridia
A cikin taron cewa bushes fara farawa daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Yuli, to, tsaba na iya farawa kafin sanyi. Ana girbe iri kafin a fara daskarewa. Suna sown a cikin hunturu, yayin pre-shuka tsaba ba a bukatar. An tsabtace tankuna a cikin ingantaccen lit, mai dumi (digiri 20 zuwa 25). Lokacin ɗaukar shuki, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai don kauce wa cutar da asalin asalinsu. Bayan developa developan seedlings sun haɗu da fararen ganye na fararen filaye, ya kamata a zana su cikin tukwane daban-daban, yayin da ake ɗauke su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Daga lokacin shuka zuwa farkon ciyawar, kimanin watanni 6-7 sun shude.
Hakanan, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin ciyayi don yada wannan al'ada. A cikin tsawon lokaci 1, kimanin yara biyar masu maye gurbin suke girma a cikin girma ɗaya daga cikin manya. Ya kamata a rabu da su daga gwal na iyaye kafin dasawa, yayin da wuraren aibuka da ɓangarorin dole ne a yayyafa shi da foda na alkama, bayan haka za'a iya dasa yaran a cikin ƙasa.
Cutar da kwari
Popular sau da yawa, lambu ba su iya kiyaye kayan dasa kayan tigridia har sai lokacin bazara, saboda yawancin rots. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, rot ya bayyana akan wadancan kwararan fitila da aka yiwa kasa kyau. Abin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci matuƙar mahimmanci, kafin ka fara shirya corms, ka tabbata cewa suna da kyau. Hakanan, don prophylaxis, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a goge corms kafin a sanya su a cikin kowane maganin fungicidal, misali: Maxim, Benlat ko Fundazole.
Plantaukar da ta girma a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa na iya shafar scab ko tsatsa. Don hana wannan, ana bada shawara don fesa foliage tare da infusions na ganye ko tare da mafita na kiba.
Idan mosaic ya shafa shuka, to lallai zai iya yiwuwa a magance shi, tunda cututtukan hoto a yau ana ɗauka marasa lafiya. Dangane da wannan, yana da matukar muhimmanci a samar wa da shuka ingantacciyar kulawa da kuma yanayin da ya dace da haɓaka, don ya kasance mai ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi.
Bears, slugs, kabewa scoops da thrips suna iya cutar da tigridia. Domin murkushe thrips, kazalika da diba, tare da su caterpillars, foliage na bushes dole ne a fesa tare da bayani na kowane magani. Ana karɓar tutocin da hannaye don sauƙaƙe aikin su, ana kwance guda na allo ko allon akan wurin, wanda a cikin lokacin zafi yawancin yawancin gastropods ke rarrafe. Cire su daga ƙarƙashin koto kuma halaka. Kuma a cikin abubuwan da aka gano na beyar, ya zama dole a zuba maganin sabulu. Idan beyar yayi kokarin tserewa, tunda ya fita, yakamata a kama shi kuma ya lalace.
Tigridia a cikin hunturu
Shirya ajiya
Tun da tigridium tsire-tsire ne na thermophilic, yana yiwuwa kawai a bar shi don hunturu a cikin ƙasa a cikin yankuna na kudu mafi zafi. Sabili da haka, tare da farkon kaka, yawancin lambu suna cire corms daga ƙasa kuma sanya su don ajiya har sai lokacin bazara, kuma ya kamata ku zaɓi wuri mai kyau, amma zafin jiki a can ya kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 0. Koyaya, yin tono da adana sigari na siga ba mai sauki bane. Domin a kiyaye kayan dasa har zuwa bazara, dole ne ya zama cikakke, kuma saboda wannan ya zama dole don sanin lokacin da yakamata a cire kwararan fitila daga ƙasa a cikin kaka. Wannan hanyar ana yin ta ne kawai bayan an shafa allunan ganye a daji. Idan akwai barazanar sanyi, amma har yanzu ganye yana kore, an bada shawarar yin tono bushes tare da dunƙulewar ƙasa, wanda yakamata ya kasance babba, to an canza shi zuwa ɗakin sanyi mai kyau. Sai bayan fararen ganye ya zama rawaya kuma aka goge shin zai yiwu a magance kayan dasa don ajiya. Shirya corms don ajiya ya haɗa da tsabtatawa, wankewa, da gogewa a cikin maganin maganin Maxim da bushewa sosai. Rarrabewa yara daga kwararan fitila na iyaye ya kamata a yi a farkon bazara kafin dasa, amma ba a cikin faɗuwar ba.
Dokokin ajiya
Corms ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin akwati cike da yashi bushe ko peat. An adana su don ajiya a cikin daki mai sanyi (digiri 3-10) tare da zafi na yau da kullun. Hakanan, albasa, idan ana so, za a iya haɗa su cikin jakunkuna waɗanda aka tsabtace a kan shiryayye na firiji, wanda aka tsara don kayan lambu, inda za'a adana su har sai lokacin bazara. Duk tsawon lokacin hunturu, kar a manta game da kwararan fitila, ya kamata a yi rajista na tsari, a yayin da duk ɓarnatattun abubuwan ɓata da lalata ya kamata a jefar da su.
Iri da nau'ikan tigridia
Tigridia peacock'Yan lambu suna noma nau'in wannan al'ada kawai - tigridia peacock (Tigridia pavonia). Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Mexico da Guatemala. Tsawon daji zai iya bambanta daga 0.25 zuwa 0.7 m. A farfajiyar corms, waɗanda suke da tsari mara tsayi, sune flakes na membranous. Kwararan fitila sun kai tsawon milimita 60 da diamita kusan 40 mm. A ƙarshen lokacin girma, ana ganin cikakkiyar tsufa na tsohuwar corm, kodayake, yara sun girma a ciki, wanda ke haifar da gida. A cikin corm na iyaye, yawancin yara da sikeli a saman kusan iri ɗaya ne. Itaciyar fure fure 3-5 zasu girma daga kwan fitila ɗaya, tare da fure kusan 5 akan kowannensu. Fafaren faren tsiran fure mai tsayi na fure mai launin kore mai launin shuɗi yana da siffar xiphoid. Furanni, a cikin inci sun kai santimita 10-15, sun kunshi lobes 6, buɗewa a madadin. A cikin faifan silsila, lobes na waje suna launuka cikin ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi ko mai cike da launin shuɗi, kuma lobes ɗin ciki ba su da girma kamar na na waje, suna da launin ruwan shuɗi-launin shuɗi, kamar fatalwa. Sirrin fure na Tigridium a watan Yuli-Agusta, yayin da tsawon rayuwar kowane fure yake awoyi 8-10. Gabaɗaya, tsawon lokacin fure yakai sati 2-3.5. Lamburan lambun:
- Alba. Furannin suna da fararen fata, kuma a saman su akwai toka.
- Aurea. A farfajiyar furanni masu launin rawaya masu duhu akwai tabarau.
- Carminea. Furanni sune ruwan lemo, an lullube su da shuɗi.
- Lilacea. A kan furanni masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi furanni ne.
- Rosalind. Launin furanni launin shuɗi ne.
- Canariensis. Furanni masu launin shuɗi suna da tsakiyar ja mai kyau.
- Fannoni. Launin furanni masu launin shuɗi ne, kuma a kansu akwai tabe-launin shuɗi.
Haɗin ruwan Tigridia Ferraria yana da mashahuri sosai: tsayin daji ya kusan 0.6 m, faranti na ganye suna da siffar xiphoid, furanni suna da santimita 15 a ƙasan, filayen waje suna da ƙarfi a launi (lilac-pink, fari, ja, lemu ko ruwan rawaya) , akan filaye na ciki guda uku akwai tabo. Istswararrun zaɓin suna amfani da tigridia na Mexico tare da furanni rawaya, tubular tigridia tare da furanni masu ruwan hoda da kuma lilac blue tigridia celeriana a cikin aikin su. Kuma suna amfani da wasu nau'in halittun da ba 'yan lambu ba girma.
