Canjin ɗan itacen ɓaure na itace, wanda ya tayar da sha'awar masu shayarwa don samun nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu nuna ƙarfi na columnar, an lura da shi sama da shekaru 50 da suka wuce a Kanada. Dukkanin kananan bishiyoyi da aka samu ta hanyar alurar riga kafi sun zama ainihin kwafin reshe na sabon abu, an kasance akan apples akan gajeriyar fruitan itace har ma a kan akwati madaidaiciya.
Tuni a cikin 80s, nau'in farkon haɗin gwiwa, samar da girbi mai kyau na bishiyoyin apple, waɗanda aka so masu lambun gida nan take. Gaskiya ne, saboda yanayin sabon abu na itatuwan apple columnar, dasa shuki da kulawa da tsire-tsire yana da halaye na kansa.
Babban bambancin dake tsakanin kamannin mulkin mallaka da bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace na yau da kullun shine cewa tsirrai suna girma da yawa a hankali sakamakon maye gurbi, wanda yake gaskiya ne ga harbe-harbe a gefe da kuma tsarin tushe.
Fa'idodin wannan fasalin suna bayyana:
- lokacin dasa shuki a kan ƙaramin fili, za ku iya ƙirƙirar gonar apple mai cike da kayan wuta;
- lokacin kula da bishiyoyi masu siffar apple, tunda yana da sauƙin girbi daga ƙananan rawanin ƙarami, ya fi sauƙi datsa da sarrafa bishiyoyi daga kwari.
Kuma adadin fure fure da aka kafa akan ƙananan rassan ban mamaki
Yadda za a dasa itacen apple?
Don ƙirƙirar kambi, irin wannan itaciya yana buƙatar harbi na tsakiya kawai, don haka lokacin da dasa rami, zaka iya samun kusanci zuwa mita 0.5. Kuma don dacewa da kula da tsirrai, yana da kyau a dasa bishiyoyin apple a nesa na mita 0.9-1.0 daga juna.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsari na rami na bishiyun itacen apple columnar da kwanakin shuka iri ɗaya ne da na itatuwan 'ya'yan itace talakawa. Sabili da haka, muna mamakin yadda za a dasa bishiyar apple daidai, muna iya amince da shawarwari game da shawarwari dangane da nau'in ƙaramin gargajiya na gargajiya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa:
- Tushen tushe ba ya cika ko an lalace, kuma tushen wuyansa ya kasance a ƙasa sama da ƙasa;
- an shirya ramin da kansa ƙasa da makonni biyu kafin a dasa shuki a ƙasa, tunda a wannan lokacin ne ƙasa ke da lokaci don daidaitawa kuma tushen wuyansa ba zai zama ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba.
Idan ciwon seedling an samu ta hanyar grafting, zurfafa cikin fili na stock da scion ya razana tare da asarar sa.
Cikin Ramin da aka tono:
- 50-100 grams na superphosphate;
- 50-80 grams na takin gargajiya ko kuma zuwa 400 grams na ash;
- 3-5 kilogiram na takin da aka juya ko humus.
Tunda tushen bishiyar apple mai siffa mai mulkin mallaka yakan zama yana da rauni sosai, bayan ciccanan rami tare da ƙasa, sai suka haɗa hankali sosai, sannan su daɗa ciyawa sosai, yankan ciyawa ko ciyawar.
Idan an dasa shi daidai, itacen apple yana samun launi riga tun yana da shekaru 2-3. Kuma ingancin da yawancin 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu dogara da dabarun kulawa da bishiyoyin apple a lokacin rani da sauran lokutan shekara.
Tsarkakken dabbobin itace-itacen
An datse bishiyoyi masu siffar apple mai ɗauke da sutura ba kawai don kula da bayyanar da kambi ba kuma cire tsoffin ko rassan da suka lalace, wannan hanya ce da ta shafi tsarin itinga fruan itace da ingancin ripa ripan itace.
Matsayin wani nau'in sanda na itace gaba ɗaya ana yin shi ta jagoran mai tserewa, wanda ke ƙayyade ci gaban tsaye na bishiyar apple gaba ɗaya. Ba a datsa wannan harbin ba, amma an ɗaura shi da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Idan apical koda ya lalace, ko babban harbi a shekara yana ba da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙasa da 10-15 cm da rassa biyu ko uku, an yanke shi, yana barin kodan mai lafiya 2-3 don ci gaba. Kodayake ci gaban rassan a kaikaice na itatuwan apple da aka ɗan rage shi yana raguwa sosai, bishiyoyin sun sami damar yin harbe sosai.
Idan ka kalli rawan irin wannan bishiyar, zaka lura:
- kusancin matsayin reshe a tsaye, mafi karfi da girma;
- ƙananan ƙananan rassa a kwance suna ba da haɓaka kaɗan, kuma mafi yawa daga an aza fure fure akan su.
Mafi iko tsaye tsaye harbe harbe fafatawa a gasa ko dai a yanka a cikin wani zobe, ko kan su tare da taimakon m pruning form fruiting zones. Haka kuma, samuwar kambi ta Apple yana farawa a farkon farkon bazarar shekarar farko ta rayuwar itaciya.
Abinda aka dasa don itacen apple columnar mai sauki ne:
- A cikin bazara, kafin motsi daga cikin ruwan juji ya fara, an katse gefen da ke ƙasa wanda ya sa mutu biyu ne kawai suka rage, wanda a lokacin bazara zai ba da rassa mai ƙarfi.
- A shekara mai zuwa, jefawa na shekara-shekara, wanda yake kusa da kwance, zai sa fure-fure, sannan kwayayen. Kuma ƙaramin reshe, wanda aka nuna a sama, an sake yanke shi zuwa buds biyu.
- A cikin bazara ta uku, an cire rassan da ke fitar da 'ya'yan itace a bara, kuma ana maimaita sauran hanyar, kamar yadda yake a da.
Yankunan 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, waɗanda aka kafa a kan harbe a kaikaice, ba da girbi na shekaru 3 zuwa 5, bayan haka an yanke su cikin zoben, saboda abin da ake kafa itace mai sannu a hankali.
Bidiyon da ke nuna yadda ake amfani da bishiyar apple mai kama da apple-apple ana iya amfani da shi don yin nazari dalla-dalla duk matakan wannan gwargwado na kula da tsirrai. Wani lokaci, lambu suna fuskantar halin da ake ciki inda aka kafa fure mai fure akan gangar jikin kanta, bayan pruning, ana lalacewa cikin harbe. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau kada a jira har sai lokacin da itacen ya fara farawa, kuma a haɗa da cire ragowar reshe na primordia a cikin kulawa ta yau da kullun ta itacen apple a lokacin rani da bazara.
Kulawar itacen apple mai kamannin sarauta
Namo itacen applear columnar na buƙatar kulawa da hankali a kan tsire-tsire daga cikin lambu kuma mai saurin kulawa. Haka kuma, kula da itatuwan apple mai siffa mai yin gashi wanda ake buƙata ya rigaya a matakin lokacin da shuka ya yi fure. Gaskiyar ita ce, karamin itacen tare da ƙaramin kambi an rufe shi da zaren furanni a zahiri, sabili da haka, musamman a farkon shekarun rayuwa, lallai ne ka tsayar da girbi na gaba:
- Idan seedling ya riga ya yi fure a farkon bazara, yana da kyau a cire duk buds, tunda fruiting babbar jarabawa ce ga tsire-tsire waɗanda basu da lokacin zuwa acclimatize da kyau.
- A cikin shekara ta biyu, har zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari zuwa biyar na iya yin fari a kan bishiya.
- A hankali, nauyin yana ƙaruwa, yana tabbatar da cewa ƙwayoyin ba su zama ƙarami ba daga shekara zuwa shekara, wanda zai iya zama alamar ambaliya a cikin itacen.
Haɗuwa ya ƙunshi cire matakan wuce gona da iri.
A kowane reshe fruiting da gangar jikin suna barin ninki biyu da yawa kamar yadda ya kamata apples ya ripen. A matsakaita, an bar inflorescences biyu akan reshe mai 'ya'yan itace, kuma sake yin thinning yana gudana ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na kulawar bazara ta itacen apple, lokacin da aka kafa ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar tsoka.
Itatuwan apple masu dimbin yawa suna buƙatar shayarwa sau biyu ko sau uku a mako. Bayan hanya, yankin a ƙarƙashin kambi an mulched tare da bambaro ko ciyawar ciyawa. Idan dasawa ya dogara ne da hannun jari na clonal tare da tushen tsarin nau'in farfajiya, to kwance ƙasa zai iya zama haɗari saboda haɗarin lalata tushen. A wannan yanayin, ana shuka gefuna a kai a kai a radius na akalla 25 cm daga akwati na itacen.
Yana da kyau idan tsarin drip tare da samar da danshi na danshi zuwa tushen tsarin an shirya shi ne don dasawa, duk da haka, ana amfani da da’irar tushe mai yawa sau biyu a wata domin ƙasa ta narke zuwa zurfin asalin sa.
Manyan riguna na bishiyoyin bishiyar columnar da kariyar sanyi
Yin la’akari da tambayar yadda ake kulawa da itacen apple, mutum ba zai iya yin watsi da suturar da ake buƙata don wannan al'ada ba, sanya hankali ga ƙasa, sarrafa sako da mulching.
Akalla sau uku a kowace kakar, bishiyoyin apple mai kamanni ya kamata a karɓi miya ta foliar tare da maganin urea tare da maida hankali game da 0.1%:
- A cikin bazara, ana kawo kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi.
- A farkon rabin Yuni, lokacin da ciyayi ke cike da kwari, tsire-tsire suna karɓar hadadden takaddun da ke ɗauke da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium.
- Tun daga watan Agusta, ana cire nitrogen da kwayoyin halitta daga hadi, amma potassium yana da muhimmanci ga itatuwa. Wannan kashi zai taimaka wajan huɗa harbe, kuma itatuwan apple columnar suna shiri sosai don hunturu mai zuwa.
Don hanzarta tsufa na sassan apical na harbe a cikin tsakiyar watan Agusta, ruwan wukake na ganye na sama ana gajarta kashi biyu bisa uku a cikin itatuwan apple.
A matsayin gwargwado don kula da bishiyoyin apple mai siffar masu mulkin mallaka, ƙananan tsire-tsire har zuwa shekaru 3-4 dole ne a kiyaye su daga daskarewa mai yuwuwa. Don yin wannan, ba kawai tushen yankin ba, har ma da dukan maɗaukakin mai harba shi an sanya shi tare da kayan da aka inganta domin itace ba ya ɗinka wuta kuma baya haɗarin kai hari na ƙwaƙwalwa. Lokacin da aka kafa murfin dusar ƙanƙara a shafin, sai aka yayyafa itacen ɓawon itace tare da dusar ƙanƙara.
