Jin daɗin allah da zuriyarsa na 'ya'yan itaciya ta rinjayi mutane da yawa. Kuma waɗanda suke son 'ya'yan itace tsire-tsire a kan windowsill, tabbas fiye da sau ɗaya sun so su yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka matsayin kansu daga zuriya. A cikin al'adun daki, juriya na nuna 'ya'ya da yawa, kuma kwalliyar sa saboda samuwar sa an bayyana ta daga sabon hangen nesa. Shuka bishiyar cikin gida ba sauki. Lokacin sanyi da haske mai haske ba duk matsalolin da zaku fuskanta ba. Amma jimiri yana girma da sauri.
Persimmon a tsakiyar layin za a iya girma a matsayin tukunya ko amfanin gona na cikin gida.
Abubuwa na Botanical na jimrewa
Shukewar tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna zama mafi mashahuri. Ikon girma akalla ba babba ba ne, amma amfanin gonarku na fruita favoritean itacen da kuka fi so, kuna lura da shuka wanda yake tafiya cikin cikakken kewaya daga lokacin ƙazamar zuwa tumatir mai launi da fruitsan fruitsan launuka na musamman. Yawanci, ana zaɓi fruitan itacen tsire-tsire na cikin gida ga waɗanda ke son girke tsire daga tsire ko suna son motsawa zuwa sabon matakin girma na tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Lemon, tangerines, rumman, kofi, shayi bushes, laurels, abarba akan taga sun zama abin alfahari na musamman na kowane mai girbi. A cikin jerin tsirrai na cikin gida masu bada ,a ,an itace, zaka iya amintar hada da persimmon - berry na musamman a cikin menu namu.
Persimmon babban asalin halittar bishiyoyi ne da tsirrai da za a iya girma a cikin tsaunukan canji da kuma yanayin zafi. Japan da China ana la'akari da yankuna rarraba al'adun wannan al'ada, daga inda yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan zamani ke zuwa mana. A cikin tsakiyar yankin, wannan shuka za a iya girma kamar baho ko tukunya - cikin gida, greenhouse ko lambun.
Persimmon ba ya da yawa a cikin al'adun daki fiye da 'ya'yan itace citrus ko rumman. Amma waɗanda ke haɗarin dasa kasusuwa na shuka a cikin ƙasa sau da yawa suna gano ƙwarewar ado na wannan shuka.
Rod Persimmon (Diospyros) wakiltar na musamman dangin ebony (Ebenaceae). Kasancewa ga bishiyoyi na musamman da bishiyoyi na cikin sauki yana da sauƙin ganewa ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto, da kuma ta musamman kwalliyar kwarin.
A gare mu, kuma a duk faɗin duniya, jimlar lambobi sun sami kyawawan sunayen laƙabi da yawa. Ana kiransa sau da yawa plum na alloli, saboda 'ya'yan itaccan mai ban mamaki suna haifar da sha'awar kawai, sun bambanta duka a cikin dandano da zane. Daga Latin, an fassara sunan persimmon a matsayin "abincin alloli." Persimmon kuma sanannu ne a karkashin sunayen abubuwan amfani da kwanan wata da dabbobin daji.
Bayyanar tsiron
Persimmon ya shahara saboda fruitsa itsan ta, da kuma bayyanar tsire-tsire kansu, waɗanda suke ba mu dadi, m kuma don haka na musamman a cikin kayan fruitsan itace, ya kasance asirin mutane da yawa. A cikin yanayi, jigon kalmomi masu ƙarfi ne, bishiyoyi masu raɗaɗi ko bushes tare da matsakaicin tsawo wanda ya kai 12 m.
Haske a cikin gida ya fi rikitarwa fiye da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace. An iyakance zuwa matsakaicin m 1.5 ba ga tsawo ba. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan sune ƙarin ƙananan bishiyoyi da shrubs, masu girma dabam waɗanda ana sarrafa su ta hanyar yin pruning. Persimmon halin da muffled grayish haushi da kyau sosai bends na sparsely Branching harbe.
Persimmon nasa ne ga albarkatun gona masu inganci. Yana zubar da ganye tun kafin 'ya'yan itaciyar suka girma, amma wannan baya hana shuka daga kasancewa cikin kayan ado na gaske. Bar tare da duhu, inuwa mai kyau na launin kore yana ƙirƙirar kambi mai kyan gani. Nisa har zuwa 6 cm tare da tsawon 12 cm yana ba su damar kallo da kamawa, kuma kyakkyawa ne sosai. Kafin faduwar ganye ya fara ganye, ganyen ya fara wulakanci, ba tare da gyarawa ba cikin inuwar launuka mai kyau na carmine da ja.
Fure na Persimmon.
Persimmon fure da fruiting
Lokacin tsabtace fure na gargajiya shine a watan Yuni. A tsakanin jigon jeri akwai dioecious da monoecious iri. Furannin furanni maza ƙanana ne, an tattara su a cikin ƙananan bunches akan gajerun fallasa. Amma furanni mace suna da girma, asali da kuma koyaushe kawai, abin mamaki ne tare da mai mai-mai mai laushi, fleshy, babban bracts da bizarrely curring corolla petals.
Girman diyan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ke cikin yanayi na cikin gida ya kai cm 8. Suna da sauƙin ganewa ga duk wanda ya gwada wannan abincin da aka fi so. Fleshy, m, tare da fata na bakin ciki, sauƙin ji rauni lokacin da cikakken ripened, Orange ko m-launin ruwan kasa, tare da kakin zuma shafi da aibobi, kusan zagaye (tsawon dan kadan ya fi fadi sarari), tare da saman maras kyau da kyawawan sanduna, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na ɗan lokaci suna da ban sha'awa sosai har ma a Tsarin daki.
Jelly-kamar irin silan danshi, wanda ya shahara don jurewa, ƙanshi mai daɗi, ƙaunataccen abu, babban abun ciki na bitamin da microelements - ab advantagesbuwan amfãni waɗanda suke da alama suna haɓaka sau da yawa ta yanayin jinkiri. Haƙiƙa, ikon yin samfurin 'ya'yan itatuwa kai tsaye daga bishiya yana sa su zama kyawawa.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun girma, galibi a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, tare da bambancin makonni da yawa tsakanin iri. 'Ya'yan itace na farko a cikin shuka mai girma cikin sauri ana iya tsammanin riga a cikin shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu a lokacin alurar riga kafi kuma a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayin girma. Ba tare da wannan ba, jigon jigon ya kasance 'ya'yan itace aƙalla shekaru 2-3.
'Ya'yan itatuwa na Persimmon sun ƙunshi tsaba daga 2 zuwa 10.
Iri don jimre a ɗakuna
Kamar yadda tsire-tsire na cikin gida, tsoffin wahalar yanayi ne kawai ke girma. Bayan zaɓin daɗaɗɗa kuma yana da ƙananan girma da yawa, nau'in mafi kyawun nau'in fruiting na ɗan lokaci ba su rasa ikon faranta girbin ko da a cikin ɗakuna. 'Yan zabi iri-iri ana daukar su babban matsayin tantance nasara a cikin wannan tsiro.
Lokacin da sayen tsaba na persimmon ko zabar shuka don haɓaka a cikin ɗakuna, ya kamata ka kula da nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka fi yawa:
- jimre na Caucasian, ko Talakawa (Diospyros lotus);
- tsawan budurwa (Diospyros budurwa);
- ci gaba ta Gabas (Diospyros kaki).
Lokacin zabar iri-iri don girma a cikin daki, ya fi kyau a mai da hankali kan ɗanɗano da kasancewar ƙwararrun mata ko mata da furanni kawai:
- Mafi dadi, ba tare da danko ba (astringency), kyawawan nau'ikan jimloli masu ƙanshi suna da laushi Fuyu, "Karni XX" da "Kabilanci". Dangane da pollinator, ana canza dandano mai daɗi daga ƙasa zuwa mafi girma danko. Hiakume, Zenji Maru, Gailly, "Gosho-gaki", Tsurunako. Magoya bayan sahihancin yanayi tare da nuna matsayin taurarin dan adam zasu fi son 'ya'yan iri Tamapan, Sidles, "Khachia" da Tanenami.
- Tsakanin nau'in bisexual, ana la'akari da abubuwan da aka fi so Zenji Maru da Gaillyda wuya, amma ku samar da furanni maza na shuka iri-iri Fuyu, kawai mace ko namiji kawai suna halayyar iri-iri wanda ya dace da al'adun tukunya Hiakume, Hachia, "Gosho-gaki".
Persimmon Caucasian, ko Talakawa (Diospyros lotus).
Persimmon Budurwa (Diospyros budurwa).
Gabashin Persimmon (Diospyros kaki).
Yanayi don girma juriya na cikin gida
Yanayin cikin gida na wannan tsiron 'ya'yan itace yana buƙatar, da farko, haske mai haske. Ban da lokacin sanyi na wajibi, wannan shuka ba ta neman yanayin zafi. Ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauƙi don zaɓar yanayi a cikin ɗakin, amma wannan shuka yana sa buƙatu da yawa akan kulawa fiye da sanya wuri.
Haske da sanya wuri
Persimmon, kamar dukkan albarkatun gona masu bada fruita fruitan itace, shuka iri ne. Haskakawar haske, mafi girman alama ga nasara cikin girma. Don jimre, an fi son wuraren rana. A lokacin rani, zai fi kyau kare shuka daga hasken rana. A cikin inuwa m, jitim yana hanzarta rasa tasirin kayan ado kuma galibi yakan mutu. Haske don wannan tsire-tsire ba shi da mahimmanci kawai lokacin dormancy: a cikin sanyi, ana iya kiyaye jimlar har ma a cikin duhu duhu.
Ga jimla, kudu ta kudu ko kuma wani yanki na kudu sill ko wani wuri a ƙasa a kusa da kusa da taga ta kudu ana ɗaukarsa wuri mafi kyau. Saboda daukar hoto, ba a sanya juriya a cikin ciki. Kamar dukkan albarkatun gona na gida masu ,a ,an itace, persimmon yana jin daɗin girma a ɗakin dafa abinci da manyan ɗakuna.
Zazzabi da iska
A lokacin girma aiki, jimiri yana tasowa sosai a kowane ɗaki ko yanayin zafi. Babu buƙatar sarrafa yanayin zafi daga bazara zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Don ciyawar fure da ,a fruan itace, yafi mahimmanci samar da hunturu mai sanyi. Dankin ya fi son yanayin zazzabi mai kusan 5 digiri Celsius a duk lokacin hunturu. Matsakaicin iska mai izini a lokacin huta shine +10 digiri. Hypothermia zai fi kyau a guji, amma gajere frosts an yarda da su.
A lokacin rani, juriya za ta yi farin ciki a kan titi. Kariya daga abubuwan da aka kirkira da rana kai tsaye sune kawai matakan da za'a buƙaci lokacin girma a waje. Lokacin da aka kawo shi a baranda da kuma gonar, jigon wahalar cikin gida yakan saba da sabon yanayi, ƙara ɗan girgiza kai ko kawo cikin ɗakin a cikin makonni 2 na farko da ƙara lokacin da aka ɓoye cikin iska mai tsayi daidai da lokacin da aka taurara ciyawar fure.
Persimmon ya kasance ne ga waɗannan tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su tsoron tsoron bambance-bambancen zazzabi. A matakin fruiting, rage yawan zafin jiki na taimaka wajan inganta dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma hanzarta fitar da su. Amma jimiri ba zai iya tsayawa da unguwar tare da kwandishan da na'urorin dumama ba.
Yearaya daga cikin shekaru seedlings na jimiri.
Kula da Persimmon a gida
Don jimlar ɗakuna ba ƙasa da yanayin zazzabi daidai ba na kulawa, kula da hankali ma yana da mahimmanci. Wannan inji ne capricious, ji tsoron waterlogging na kasar gona, likes high zafi. Itacewar, ba tare da wanda baza ku iya ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan itace ba, ba ya sauƙaƙe damuwa game da wannan shuka. Gida na cikin gida shine zaɓi ga yan lambu waɗanda ke da gogewa wajen shuka albarkatu mai girma.
Watering da zafi
Makullin don riƙe babban ado na ado na wannan shuka shine shayarwa na yau da kullun. Domin jimla, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da danshi wanda aka tabbatar dashi. Persimmon yana da matukar kula da shiga ruwa, galibi yakan mutu da yawan shayarwa, amma fari a mataki na fure da fruiting basu da hatsarin gaske.
Lokacin da ganyayyaki suka faɗi kuma sun gama girki, an sauya ciyawar zuwa tsarin kusan bushewa, ban da shayarwa daga shirin kulawa da maye gurbinsu da haske fesawa ko gudanar da aikin shayar da ruwa, wanda kawai baya bada izinin canzawa gaba ɗaya a lokacin sanyi.
Don jimirin shayarwa amfani da ruwa mai laushi. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don guje wa hypothermia na earthen coma a mataki na budding, fure da saitin 'ya'yan itace.
Matakan musamman don haɓaka alamu na zafi na timimmons ba za a buƙata ba, kuma lokacin da zai yiwu a kula da yanayin matsakaici mai tsayi, fruiting yana faruwa da sauri kuma ƙwayar shuka ta fi yawa.
Persimmon yana ƙaunar fesawa. Wadannan hanyoyin na yau da kullun, musamman a lokacin bazara mai zafi, suna ba da damar jurewa don kiyaye ganyen ganye. Ana cigaba da yaduwa koda a lokacin hunturu, rage adadin su da amfani da fesawa azaman madadin yin ruwa.
Ciyar da takin zamani
Kamar yadda yake a yawancin amfanin gona na cikin gida, za a buƙaci takin zamani tare da tsawon lokacin aiki mai ƙarfi da 'ya'yan itace. Don wannan shuka, daidaitaccen ciyarwar ya dace - lokaci 1 cikin makonni biyu.
Don jimla, kuna buƙatar a hankali zaɓi abubuwan da takin. Wannan inji yana tsoron karuwar nitrogen, a gareshi, an zabi gaurayawan ne wanda potassium da phosphorus suka mamaye. An halatta a yi amfani da takin zamani na amfanin gona na amfanin gona. Kuna iya ciyar da jimla a kan manufa iri ɗaya kamar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace - tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen a farkon girma, a cikin bazara, kuma daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa ƙarshen fure - tare da takin phosphate ko phosphorus-potassium, daga lokacin da aka samar da' ya'yan itatuwa - kawai potash.
'Ya'yan itacen Persimmon a cikin sashin.
Gyaran daki da gyaran fuska
Don haka cewa juriya na cikin gida ba wai kawai ya riƙe compactness ba ne, har ma ya girma a cikin nau'in dattin ɗamara, tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa, kayan ado wanda yake daidai yake da fa'idarsa, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da forming pruning.
Zai fi kyau mu fara juriya da ƙuruciya. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka girma zuwa 30-50 cm, tabbatar da tsunkule saman. A nan gaba, ana kafa bushes da bishiyoyi, yana barin 2-3 kwarangwal apical harbe kuma, yayin da rassa a kaikaice girma, kuma suna iyakance adadinsu zuwa 2-3.
Ga jimirin, ana barin harbe yawanci tare da tsawon 30 zuwa 40 cm, yana goge fiyoyin da zaran sun fara wuce matsayin al'ada. Morearin kambi mai jujjuyawa an ɗauke shi da dabi'a da kyakkyawa don ita, wanda aka ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar rage ƙananan rassan tsari na biyu. Halittar za a iya za'ayi duka biyu ta iyakance tsayi da kwalliya, kuma tare da fare kan girman da ƙyalli na kambi.
Baya ga kirkirar kwalliya, jimlar kuma za ta bukaci hanyoyin tsabtace su. Ana cire bushe, bakin ciki, yananan kauri, rassan wuce haddi zasu taimaka wa lafiyar shuka.
Dasawa da canza ruwa
Kuma matasa tsire-tsire, kuma a shekaru babba, shi ne mafi alh tori ga dashi persimmons ko da yaushe bayan tushen gaba daya cika substrate. Juyin wannan tsiro na fruiting ana iya aiwatar dashi ne kawai a cikin bazara, a farkon lokacin ci gaban aiki mai aiki. Yawanci, jigon wahayi na cikin gida ana kankantar dashi, ana dasa shi, a watan Fabrairu-Maris.
Don jimlolin cikin gida, zaku iya zaɓar kowane nau'in substrate na duniya. Loose, ba compacting, ƙasa mai numfashi tare da ɗan ɗimbin acidic ko tsaka tsaki ya dace da shi. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka saya, ƙasa don rhododendrons ana ɗauka mai kyau a cikin tsari. Idan an shirya ƙasa da kansa, to humus ko takin, ƙasa turf da peat suna gauraye daidai, a haɗa yashi, itacen ash ko abincin ƙashi don gyaran rubutu.
Tsarin juyawa don jinkirin ya kasance mai matukar kyau. Rhizome na shuka ba a fallasa shi ba, an kiyaye dunkin dunƙule gaba ɗaya kuma kawai a watsa shi cikin manyan tukwane.
Zai fi dacewa girma tare da mulching na ƙasa. Ingwararrun ƙuraje, kayan kwalliya, sawun zai taimaka wajen daidaita danshi kuma zai kare tsirran daga yawan zafi, rashin ƙarfi da bushewar ƙasa.
Cututtuka, kwari da matsaloli girma
Duk da matsayin sa na 'ya' yantacciyar dabino kuma mai matukar ban sha'awa, yanayin jituwa na cikin gida yana gamsar da kwanciyar hankali. Abinda kawai ke tsoratar da tsirrai shine mildew powdery, amma yawanci yana bayyana tare da isasshen damar samun isashshen iska. Yin yaƙi da wannan cutar ya zama dole ne kawai tare da magani na kashe kansa.
Daga cikin kwari, jimimin kawai za a iya cutar da su ta hanyar sikelin kwari, amma yawanci ana iya cire su da hannu, yana ba da kariya daga maimaita yaduwa ta hanyar feshin iska mai sauƙi da kwari.
Matsalolin girma gama gari:
- yellowing na ganye a sakamakon waterlogging;
- tsinkayi saboda rashin sarari don ci gaban tushe a cikin tukunyar da ke kusa, daga dampness;
- faduwa cikin ganyayyaki a lokuta masu zafi bayan tsalle mai tsayi a zazzabi ko maɓallin daskararre;
- jinkirin girma da rashin ci gaban harbe a kai tsaye tare da isasshen ciyarwa da ƙarancin ƙasa.
Matasan persimmon.
Yaɗa Persimmon
Amma ga kowane ɗan itace na cikin gida na itace ko bishiyar itace, babbar hanyar yaɗa jita-jitar, wanda ke sa ya yiwu a sami girbi mai kyau, ana ɗauka shine farkon shuka da alurar su ta gaba.
Abubuwan Persimmon suna da sauƙi don girbi da kanku. Duk kowane 'ya'yan itacen marmari cikakke zasu yi.Lokacin zabar 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, yana da kyau a kula da mafi unpretentious, ba tare da kakin zuma m, amma tare da m surface. Wani lokaci, don mafi girma na germination, 'ya'yan itãcen suna daskarewa don da yawa kwana. Ana fitar da tsaba ta hanyar wanke su a hankali daga bagade, sai kuma bushewa.
Kafin yin shuka, ana shuka soyayyar tsaba a cikin awanni da yawa a cikin maganin kowane hanzari na haɓaka. Wannan magani yana ba ku damar sauƙaƙe tsarin germination ta hanyar filayen ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi.
Shuka ne da za'ayi to zurfin of 1 cm, a cikin wani haske na gina jiki substrate, a cikin kwantena mutum. Sauki mai sauƙi, rufewa tare da gilashi ko fim da zafi sune manyan yanayi don bayyanuwar harbe mai laushi. A matsakaici, tsarin shuka a cikin tsaba kusan makonni 2 ne. Don amfanin gona, ya zama dole don tabbatar da samun iska ta yau da kullun da kuma ingantaccen ruwa (ana yin su ne kawai bayan saman saman ƙasa ya bushe).
Bayan harbe sun bayyana, an cire matsuguni, ana tura tsire-tsire zuwa yaduwar haske mai haske. Idan tsiro bai rasa kashi ba, kuna buƙatar buɗe murfin a hankali tare da wuka mai kaifi ko allura, ba ƙoƙarin taɓa shuka. Matasa matasa na haɓaka cikin hanzari, suna buƙatar dattin ƙasa mai dorewa da kariya daga hypothermia.
Juya zuwa cikin sabon akwati ana yin shi ne kawai bayan da matashin ya shuka cikakkiyar masaniyar a cikin wacce ta gabata. Increasearfafa yawan kwantena don jimlar ba zai yiwu ba. Tare da wuce haddi na substrate, shuka yana dakatar da haɓakawa bisa ga tushen haɓaka.
Ana iya girma Persimmons ba tare da alurar riga kafi ba, ana tsammani daga shekaru 5 zuwa 12, ko ma fiye da haka, zuwa ga ƙarancin 'ya'yan itace, wanda bazai taɓa farawa ba ƙarƙashin yanayin ingantacce. Amma hanya mafi inganci don samun amfanin gona a kan windowsill shine alurar riga kafi.
Lingsa Seedan cikin oan itace sun cika lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai gaɓo mai kauri daga 4-5 mm da tsawo na 15 ko 20 cm. An saka turaren daga lafiya, an riga an saka juriya a cikin T-dimbin yawa a jikin bishiyoyin kuma a nannade a kusa da shafin inoculation. Sauran hanyoyin grafting akan bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace zasu yi.
Ya ku masu karatu! Idan kun riga kun yi ƙarfin hali a gida, raba ƙwarewar ku a cikin bayanan wannan labarin. Za mu yi godiya sosai!
