Yadda ake samun amfanin gona mai kyau

Beetroot ne mai kayan amfanin gona na kowa a cikin gadaje. Amma ƙara, lambu lambu koka game da shayarwa, iƙirarin cewa gwoza iri sun rasa halaye. Tushen kayan lambu sun zama woody, ciyawar ciyawa. Jin daɗin jin daɗinsu ya ɓace. Wadanda suka kware sosai suna da'awar cewa babu abin da ya canza, kuma beets har yanzu suna samar da babban amfanin gona mai daɗin ɗanɗano tare da zaƙi mai daɗi. Binciken tambayoyin masu karatun mu ya nuna cewa ba kowa bane yayi la'akari da halayen halittunsa lokacin da beets ke girma, ba su cika bukatun agrotechnical, wanda ke haifar da rushewa a cikin tafiyar matakai na shuka, yana kara nuna alamun ingancin amfanin gona.

Me kuke buƙatar sani game da beets?

Beets kasance a cikin tsire-tsire na doguwar rana kuma tare da farkon shuka, lokacin da manyan alamu na amfanin gona na gaba suka dage farawa, ya rasa ƙarfin hasken.

Shin, ba yi haƙuri gwoza shading. A lokacin da shuka a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi, faɗuwa cikin sashin tushen tsarin tsiro na lambun, talauci yana ƙaruwa ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙananan yanayin ƙasa, rashin haske da abubuwan gina jiki, waɗanda suke ɗauke da ƙarin ƙarfi da ƙarfi daga tushen sa daga gare ta.

Kayan Beets, samar da amfanin gona masu tushe, suna buƙatar adadin adadin abinci mai gina jiki da rashi, musamman a hade tare da ban ruwa mara kyau da ban ruwa, yana iyakance haɓakar sel. Tushen amfanin gona ya kasance kaɗan, kyallen takarda masu tauri.

Rashin abubuwan gina jiki, kuma mafi mahimmanci, cin zarafin su a cikin ƙasa yana shafar dandano na amfanin gona gwoza. Beetroot ya bambanta a cikin babban sodium da keɓaɓɓensa da adadin kuzari (10: 1). Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi sun nuna cewa sodium, lokacin da aka gabatar da karamin gishiri na sodium a cikin kasar, ya fitar da sinadarin potassium da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin kasa mai daukar jiki (PPC), yana mai basu damar isa ga tsiro. Tsarin musayar tsakanin sodium da cations na sauran abubuwan suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka taro na tushen amfanin gona da abubuwan sukari da kashi 0,5-1.0.

Poorarancin ingancin tushen gwoza na iya zama saboda karuwar acidity na ƙasa, wanda ke lalata ciwan abinci mai mahimmanci a cikin tsirrai.

Yaya za a sami manyan beets mai dadi?

Matsayin beets a cikin juyin juya halin al'adu

Lokacin girma beets a cikin sauyawa na al'adu, mafi kyawun magabata sune karincin dare (barkono mai dadi, eggplant), kabewa (zucchini, squash), albasa, tafarnuwa. Lacy penumbra na bishiyar bishiyar asparagus da wake da kuma peas na haifar da ingantaccen yanayi na beets lokacin da aka dasa su cikin gadaje masu cike da takaddama. Har yanzu, tushen ciyawar don beets sune magabata na asali.

Gwoza bukata domin ƙasa ingancin

Kamar sauran albarkatu, beets sun fi son wuraren da ke da kyau, don haka ya fi kyau a sanya shi a kan gadaje masu tsayi, wanda zai ba da kyakkyawan haske. Ya kamata a sa shafin kamar yadda, kamar yadda beets basu yi haƙuri da tsawan tsawa na danshi. Dangane da yanayin jiki, kasar gona ya kamata ya kasance yana da kyawawan abubuwan magudanar ruwa, ya zama mai walƙiya, danshi mai jurewa, numfashi, don kada ku ɗan samu ƙarancin oxygen.

Soilasa don beets ya kamata tsaka tsaki tare da raka'a pH = 6.5-7.2. Acidara yawan acidity yana rage ingancin amfanin gona, don haka ƙasa (idan ya cancanta) an deoxidized. Ana aiwatar da hanyar yawanci a cikin fall don tsarma shi a lokaci tare da taki. Da takin mai magani a wannan yanayin ana amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin tarkuwar bazara. Tare da ƙara yawan acidity, wasu abubuwan gina jiki sun zama marasa amfani ga beets. Kamar yadda ake amfani da magogin disoxidizing, ana amfani da garin dolomite ko lemun tsami.

Preparationasa shiri

Bayan mun girbe magabaci, an tsabtace gadajen lambun da filawa, ciyayi da sauran tarkace. Shayar don tsokane harbe na ciyawa. Ana amfani da takin mai ma'adinin ga ciyawa na shuka - nitroammophoskos ko kuma hadadden takin mai magani na phosphorus-potash tare da ƙaramin ƙari na takin nitrogen kuma an haƙa su 25-30 cm.

Da amfani ga beets shuka siderates a cikin hunturu. Beets sukan shafi scab. Shuka cakuda al'adun gefuna daga radish, rapeseed da mustard ba kawai zai zama kyakkyawan taki ba kuma yana wadatar da ƙasa tare da tushen sa, har ila yau yana lalata shi daga ɓarke, wireworm da rot. Siderat za a iya haƙa a fall lokacin da kore taro girma zuwa 10 cm, kuma za a iya bar karkashin bazara ƙasa shiri.

Idan kasar gona tana loamy, mai nauyi a cikin abun da ke ciki, an sake haƙa su a cikin bazara. Idan ba a yi amfani da siderates ba, yana yiwuwa a gabatar da yanayin inganta yanayin ƙasa - agroperlite ko agroermiculite don rage ƙimar ƙasa.

Fertilizing beets

Beets ba sa son "karin abinci", sabili da haka, a ƙarƙashin babban ɓarnar, daga faɗuwar kaka 60-70 g / sq Nitrophos. m, ammophos 50-60 g / sq. m tare da Bugu da kari na potassium sulfate 30-40 g / sq. m ko kuma taki-cakuda kayan lambu. Rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar riguna sama a cikin tsararrakin al'ada. A kan kasa mai zurfi mai zurfi, kawai 1/3 na al'ada na takin mai magani ana amfani dashi a ƙarƙashin babban aiki, ko gilashin 1-2 na ash a kowace murabba'in murabba'in. m square.

Kwanaki na shuka gwoza

Idan bazara mai dumi ba tare da dawowar sanyi ba tare da yawan zafin rana a + + ... ... 13 ° С, to za a iya shuka beets lokacin da ƙasa take mai zafi zuwa + 3 ... + 4 ° С. Idan lokacin bazara ya yi tsawo kuma shuka ya daskarewa, to, amfanin gona zai iya shiga cikin fure kuma ba ya samar da albarkatu masu kyau da aka dade ana jira. Sabili da haka, baka buƙatar sauri tare da beets na shuka, kuna buƙatar jira don yanayin daskararru mai kyau da ƙimar ƙasa mai kyau har zuwa + 5 ... + 6 ° C a cikin tushen tushen zaune.

Gwoza dasa makirci

Tsarin shuka beets abu ne na yau da kullun, tare da jera kewayawa na 40-45 cm ko layi biyu, tare da nisa tsakanin layuka na 25-30 cm tsakanin layuka da -40-45 cm tsakanin layuka .. Zurfin seeding akan ƙasa mai tsayi shine 2.0-2.5 cm, a huhun huhu - har zuwa 3-4 cm. Dangane da yawan zafin jiki na iska, seedlings suna bayyana a ranakun 5-6 ko 10-11.

Don kiyaye ƙasa ta kasance m, bayan shuka beets, an rufe gado da fim har sai da ɗakunan seedlings suka bayyana. Kuna iya rufewa da kwali kuma ku shayar da shi ta hanyar tsari. Danshi impregnates kwali da kuma hana samuwar busassun ɓawon burodi a kan ƙasa.

A lokacin girma, mafi girman zafin jiki na beets shine + 18 ... + 22 ° C. Lokacin da zazzabi ya tashi sama da + 25 ° C, matakan haɓakawa a cikin tushen amfanin gona ya yi ƙasa a hankali, sai ya zama ƙwayar wuta, kuma abun cikin sukari ya ɓace. Don hana sakamakon zafin jiki mara kyau, ya zama dole a ci gaba da sarrafa ƙasa, ƙara yawan ban ruwa, wanda zai rage yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa, da kuma amfani da feshin tsire-tsire.

Girma manyan beets.

Yadda za a inganta dandano da gwoza tushen?

Samuwar yawan tsayuwa

Gwoza ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna yin harbe-mai siffa daji kuma, idan ba a ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba, to, ƙanana da yawa kuma za a kafa tushen amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, yawan tsayin daka na shuka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙirƙirar amfanin gona waɗanda suke da kyau sosai a diamita da sifar.

Thinning of seedlings da matasa seedlings na beets ne da za'ayi sau biyu:

• A cikin lokaci na 2 ganye na gaskiya. Nisa tsakanin seedlingsan seedlings shine cm 3-4. An bar beets 2-3 a cikin bunch;
• A cikin lokaci 4-5 na ganye na gaskiya. Nisa tsakanin plantsan tsire-tsire yana ƙaruwa zuwa 7-8 cm. oneaya daga cikin tsirrai masu tasowa ne kawai suka rage.

A lokacin da thinets beets, musamman na farko, seedlings tsunkule a ƙasa, amma kada ku shimfiɗa. Lokacin jan, zaku iya cire tsire-tsire makwabta.

Beetroot seedlings daga na bakin ciki na biyu za a iya amfani da su azaman seedlings don sake hadewa zuwa wasu albarkatu akan gadajen da aka hada.

Lokacin da aka jinkirta tare da thinning, yawan amfanin ƙasa gaba ɗaya yana raguwa.

Wani lokaci, bayan fitowan ko bayan bakin fari, faratis na gwoza seedlings zai fara. Wataƙila, tushen mai sa hannu ya lalata tushen tsarin matasa. Wajibi ne a magance ƙasa tare da phytosporin-M ko planriz bisa ga umarnin.

Gwoza saman miya

Lokaci da kuma dacewa da al'adun tare da abinci mai gina jiki suna taka rawa wajen samun amfanin gona mai inganci tare da babban abun ciki na sugars, bitamin, abubuwan abubuwan da mutum ke buƙata.

Manyan riguna za su zama marasa inganci idan ba a haɗa su da ruwa ba, dutsen, hayar. Dukkanin kayan miya dole ne a kammala su a farkon watan Agusta. Beets suna buƙatar ciyar da su sosai a tsakiyar watan Yuli (10-20th). A wannan lokacin, beets ciyar da mafi yawan adadin abubuwan gina jiki akan samuwar ingancin tushen amfanin gona.

Gwoza saman miya shirin:

• An fara ciyar da beets a cikin lokaci na ganyayyaki 2 na ainihi (bayan layin farko) tare da takin potash a cikin adadin 15-20 g a 10 l na ruwa. Madadin taki potash, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da jiko na ash ash don ciyarwa. Nace gilashin ash na ash a cikin guga na ruwa na tsawon awanni 3-4, tatattara da ruwa .. A yi ruwa tare da maganin abinci mai gina jiki tare da tsalle-tsallaka da ke nesa da 10 cm daga layin beets. Abincin abinci mai gina jiki kada ya hau kan tsire-tsire.
• A cikin farkon matakan ci gaba, tsire-tsire ya kamata ya samar da lafiya, fiɗaɗɗen haɓaka. Saboda haka, don haɓakawa da haɓaka ganye na gwoza, ana yin miya mai zuwa bayan thinning na biyu tare da urea ko kemira na duniya a cikin girman 30 g / sq. m yankin saukowa. A wannan karon, zaku iya amfani da takin mai magani "bayani", "Girma-2", wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ma'adinin nitrogen.
• Na uku gwoza saman miya ne da za'ayi a cikin zamani na ƙulli na shuka a jere. Taimakawa 20 da 25 g na superphosphate da potassium sulfate da gilashin ash a kowace murabba'in mita. m

A cikin ci gaban lokaci na tushen amfanin gona, don ƙara yawan sukari na beets da kuma samuwar m ɓangaren litattafan almara, wajibi ne don yayyafa tsire-tsire tare da boric acid a cikin kudi na 2 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowace l 10 na ruwa.

Don ƙara yawan sukari na tushen amfanin gona, a cikin wani ɓangare na ganye na 8-9 na ainihi, gishiri a ƙasa a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona tare da gishirin tebur. A wannan lokacin, al'ada tana buƙatar babban sodium a cikin ƙasa. Narke wani tablespoon na tebur gishiri a cikin 10 l na ruwa da kuma zub da beets a kan furrows. Bucketaya daga cikin guga na bayani shine isa mita 10 na layi na ruwa.

Kuna iya koya game da rashin sodium ta hanyar jan ganyayyaki (kar a rikita batun da yanayin ɗabi'a). Lokacin da ja ya bayyana, gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar a zahiri poets beets daga watering Can with karamin bututun ƙarfe. Wannan hanya za ta ƙara yawan abubuwan sukari da kuma ƙara girman tushen amfanin gona. Karka kara maida gishiri. An hana ci gaban tsirrai daga kananzir. Kuna iya yayyafa tsirrai tare da ruwan gishiri har sau 3 a lokacin dumi.

Beets suna da martani sosai ga boron, jan ƙarfe da molybdenum. Tsakanin manyan suttura, ana fesa tsire-tsire da maganin abubuwan da aka gano.

Thin matasa matasa harbe na beets.

Proper gwoza watering

Kuna buƙatar shayar da beets tare da ruwa mai dumi, tun da sanyi na iya tayar da bayyanar cututtukan fungal na tushen tushen.

A cikin zafi, dole ne a shayar da beets kowace rana da safe ko a maraice na yamma tare da matakan matsakaici. Lokacin amfani da mulching, ana iya tafiyar da ruwa ƙasa akai-akai, lura da yanayin rigar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ciyawa.

Karka bar saman ruwan ya bushe, sannan ka shayar da shi da adadin ruwa.

Hankali! Gwoza haushi ne ya sa ta m ruwa, bushewa daga ƙasa, da kuma samuwar ƙasa ɓawon burodi bayan watering.

An fara a watan Yuni, an rage yawan ban ruwa zuwa sau 2 zuwa 3 a mako. Kasar gona a karkashin tushen ya kamata m. A cikin ruwa sama sosai, da beets ba su yi ban ruwa ba.

Tun daga farkon watan Agusta, an rage yawan ban ruwa, kuma daga tsakiya, an daina hana ruwa gudu. A cikin watan da ya gabata, yawan danshi mai wuce gona da iri yana shafar ingancin amfanin gona, yana rage abun cikin sukari.

Janar gwoza kulawa

Baya ga saka miya, bakin ciki, shayarwa, beets suna da matukar mahimmaci ga yanayin murfin kasar. Soilasa ta rufe da ruwa ta hanyar jinkirta ci gaban tushen amfanin gona, ta fitar da ita daga ƙasa (sai dai nau'in Silinda). Sabili da haka, a cikin lokacin girma, yana da matukar muhimmanci a aiwatar da weeding a cikin lokaci, wanda ke kwance ƙasa, kuma yana ƙaruwa damar samun isashshen iskar oxygen.

Na farko namo beets ne da za'ayi kwanaki 3-4 bayan ƙarshen taro seedlings. Ana maimaita loosening na kasar gona bayan ban ruwa ko hazo. Bayan an shayar da danshi, ciyawar tana da kyawawan ciyawa. Lokacin amfani da tushen amfanin gona, ana amfani da tsaunin dutse.

Saboda haka, ainihin aiwatar da hanyoyin agrotechnical na beets masu tasowa zasu taimaka matuka wajen samar da albarkatun gona mai inganci tare da wadataccen sukari da kuma daskararren ɓangaren litattafan almara.