A cikin wannan labarin, zamu gaya muku abin da ya kamata a yi lambun lokacin bazara a cikin Maris da Afrilu, yadda za a buɗe lokacin bazara daidai kuma a shirya shi sosai.
Aikin lambu ne na kaka - menene aikin gonar da za'ayi daga Maris zuwa Afrilu?
Murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke, wanda ke nufin cewa lokaci ya yi da masu lambu za su shiga gonakin nasu.
Lokacin bazara shine lokacin da ya fi dacewa da matakan kariya don lalata abubuwan da zasu cutar cutar bishiyoyi da gandun daji.
Dukkanin bishiyoyi suna tafiya cikin hunturu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, wasu ba tare da asara mai yawa ba, wasu sakamakon mummunan tasirin sanyi da ƙwan jijiyoyin ke karɓar babban lalacewa.
Lokacin bazara shine lokacin da za'a warkar da raunin da aka karɓa a lokacin hunturu, lokacin kulawa da kuma shirye-shiryen muhimmi don bazara, kan nawa za a yi wannan bisa ga inganci kuma girman da ingancin amfanin gona a nan gaba zai dogara.
Yadda za a bincika bishiyoyi a gonar a bazara?
Da farko dai, kalli gefan itacen-apple, pear, plum, itacen ceri da sauran tsirrai tare da ganinka, tunda yawan pestsan kwari da cuta ke hana su.
Hanyar sarrafa bishiyoyi bayan hunturu:
- Game da lalacewar sanyi
A cikin abin da ya faru da bishiyar ta lalace ta hanyar sanyi, ya zama dole a yanke mashin a wurin rabuwa da wuka na lambu zuwa itace, sannan a rufe shi da lambun var.
Idan lalacewar tayi girma, zaku iya yin tsan harbi tare da gada.
- Idan lalacewa ta hanyar hares
Idan itacen ya lalace a cikin hunturu ta hanyar hares a matakin dusar ƙanƙara, to lallai ya zama wajibi a datse saman bishiyar 'yan santimita a ƙasa da rauni.
Hanyoyin da za su samar a cikin bazara da ke ƙasa shafin yanar gizon dole ne a cire shi, ya bar kawai harbe a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren gangar jikin, inda aka yi sare a cikin bazara.
Lokacin da ƙarin tsiro ya bayyana a saman akwati zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, zaɓi mafi kauri, kuma yanke sauran.
Lokacin da itacen ya lalace kusan zuwa ga ƙasa, amma har yanzu yana raye, kuna buƙatar jira har sai stronganyen tsiro masu ƙarfi suka bayyana kuma ku dasa shi a shekara mai zuwa tare da copulation ko wata hanya.
Idan ƙananan rassan suna nibbled, yi da tsabtace tsabta na al'ada.
- Lokacin da lalacewa ta hanyar rodents
Idan bishiya ta lalace a cikin hunturu kuma an share haushi, yan yankin da aka lalata za'a iya rufe shi da nau'in lambun.
Idan kuma an cire cortex ɗin cikin madauwari, to, allurar rigakafi biyu zuwa uku tare da gadar buƙatar buƙatar hakan, wannan zai danganta ne da kazarin gangar jikin mara lafiya.
- Bishiyoyi da yawanci sanyi ke shafawa
Sabbin tsire-tsire da aka shuka sune suka fi saurin yin sanyi, tunda suna da tsarin tushen ƙasa da kambi wanda ba a gama dashi ba.
Bishiyoyi da ke girma akan ƙasa mai narkewa suma sun fi wasu iya fuskantar sanyi.
Bishiyoyi suna girma a rana, gami da daskarewa ga sanyi.
Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa hasken rana mai haske wanda yake kashe saman dusar ƙanƙara yana ƙara dumama da ɓawon burodi saboda sake tunani yayin rana.
A dare, saboda bambanci, zazzabi ya ragu sosai, a sakamakon, wannan yana rage juriya daga itacen zuwa sanyi.
- Sauran lalacewar haushi
Wuraren yankanda da sauran lalacewar haushi, don hana shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar su, an rufe su da nau'in lambun, yayin da suke kama 3 cm na yankin da ba a kusa da rauni a kusa da rauni.
Kafin amfani da var, ba daga wurin don bi da yankin da ya lalace tare da bayani ɗaya ko biyu na maganin baƙin ƙarfe.
Wuraren da hauren ya tashi daga gangar jikin shuka shima yazama tsabtatawa da aikin lambu.
Amma zaku iya shafe su da ruwa mai narkewa, a ciki ana hada 10 gram na “Abiga-Peak BC” a kowace lita na zane.
- Dole ne a yanke harbe Zhiruyuschie (fi) da manyan harbe na basal.
Bugu da kari, mun kawar da ciyawa da tarkace na shuka, saboda kwari suna son hunturu a karkashin su.
Wannan yana ba ku damar kawar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da halaka, kasancewa a cikin lokacin hunturu, kwari - aphids, kwari na jan karfe, ƙwayoyin kwari, sikelin kwari ...
Matakan rigakafin sanyi
Domin bishiyoyin lambun su kasance cikin shiri don tasirin yanayin hunturu, saitin matakan kariya ya zama dole.
Irin waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da fara buɗewar rassan da kututtura, riguna masu kyau, yin amfani da kayan rufe, da sauransu, za mu bincika wasu daga ciki.
- Farin fari game da kwarangwal da kututture
Fitar da lokaci zuwa lokaci na manyan rassan kwarangwal da gangar jikin bishiyoyi za su taimaka a wani bangare don guje wa bayyanar fasa a cikin shuka.
Wannan ya zama dole don kare kai daga hasken rana da ke haskakawa da haushi da rana.
Ya kamata a shafa farar fata a tsakiyar - ƙarshen Janairu, yayin da kawai fara wanke fari ya kamata a yi amfani da shi.
- Tsarin Shuka
An rufe gawawwakin bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace tare da kayan rufe ko burlap a yawancin yadudduka, wanda ke kare tsirrai daga sanyi.
- Dama saman miya
Aikace-aikacen takin zamani yana da matukar muhimmanci ga rigakafin ramuka na sanyi.
Kasancewa da wuce haddi na takin mai magani, itace a jikin bishiya mai saurin girma bashi da lokacin yin tsiro, wanda a cikin hunturu zai kai mutum ga rami na sanyi.
Bugu da kari, akwai matakan kariya na gaba daya kan raunanan sanyi.
Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da:
- da farko daidaitaccen zaɓi na wurin dasa shuki akan rukunin yanar gizonku, wurin da shuka zai zama ƙasa mai rauni zuwa danshi da danshi;
- dace jeri na tushen wuya na seedling a lokacin dasa sama da ƙasa matakin;
- Yana da mahimmanci cewa nau'in itacen ɗan itace ya dace da yanayin yanayin shuka.
Ruwan bazara na bazara
Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, tare da wasu lahani, ana aiwatar da tumatir;
- tsafta;
- tsari;
- anti-tsufa datsa.
Gano sakamakon dubawa, daskararre, raunana, lalacewa da kuma karin (tsauraran) rassan suna ƙarƙashin girmar.
Kara karantawa game da sare bishiyoyi a wannan labarin.
Lambun yana aiki a cikin Maris da Afrilu
Needsasan da ke ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin na buƙatar yin horarwa - don tono a cikin hanyoyin, kuma a cikin da'irar akwati don sassauta.
Gidajen tsuntsaye na rataye da masu ciyarwa a cikin lambun don jawo hankalin mataimakan da ba za su ci kwari a lokacin bazara ba.
Kula da yanayin bazara tare da sunadarai yana farawa bayan kumburin kodan da bayyanar "kore mazugi", lokacin da har yanzu babu gadaje tare da kayan lambu a shafin, sabili da haka yana kawar da duk wani cutarwa mai cutarwa a kansu.
Maganin sunadarai na farko yana rage kwari a lokacin lambun.
Babban abu shine lokacin amfani da kwayoyi waɗanda aka sayi kyauta a cikin shagunan kayan lambu, tsananin biyayya ga ƙimar gudummawar da aka ƙayyade a cikin bayanin (umarnin) da aminci yayin aiki.
Kada ku sayi samfurori ba tare da alamun alamomi ba tare da alamomi masu jagora, waɗanda galibi sune jabun kayayyaki masu ƙima.
An ba da shawarar a cikin shirye-shiryen tallayen na sirri sun hada da irin waɗannan kwari: Actellik, Biotlin, Decis, Spark, Kwamandan, Kemifos, Fufanon ...
A watan Maris na Afrilu, ana kuma shirya shinge na katako.
Itatuwan da ba sa girbi a kaka kuma an cire tarkace, an kuma haƙa ƙasa a cikinsu.
Sa'an nan kuma wajibi ne don fesa tare da sinadarai duk wurare, ciki har da firam na greenhouse, inda kwari masu tsanani - gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, da whitefly - may winter.
Haka kuma, yi amfani da magani na sinadarai kawai, tunda bayoloji saboda ƙarancin yanayin bazara ba su da tasiri.
Wani batun kuma da ke haifar da rage yawan kwari da cututtuka shine juyawa amfanin gona.
Lokacin shirin dasa shuki, madadin wurin kayan amfanin gona kuma, in ya yiwu, kada ku dasa su a gadaje na baya.
Aikin lambu a watan Maris:
- Yarinya bishiyoyi da shukokin an girgiza su daga dusar ƙanƙara.
- Wurare inda kwararan fitila, koren itace, furanni da ke tsiro da sauran kayan shuka ke yayyafa da dan itace, yashi da peat.
- Idan yanayin yayi rana, toka buɗe furanni don gujewa kwararar ruwa.
- Duba, kulawa da datti bishiyoyi, Wutsi na Bachic.
- Itace girbi.
- Ana kula da busassun bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, da bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi da ruwan zafi (65C)
- An shuka annuals don seedlings, tubers na begonias, gladioli da Dahlia ana shuka su.
Aikin lambu a watan Afrilu:
- Sassauta kasar gona tare da rake don inganta aeration na ƙasa.
- Idan ba a hadu da ƙasa a cikin kaka ba, ana amfani da potash, phosphorus, da takin gargajiya.
- A kusa da bishiyoyi, bisa ga tsinkayar kambi, sai su tono tsoran gurnani wanda aka sanya suturar miya ta sama.
- Afrilu shine mafi kyawun lokacin dasa da kuma sauya bishiyoyi.
- Ana ci gaba da datse bishiyoyin
- Inoculate cuttings.
- Suna kulawa da bishiyoyi bushes: suna yin takin nitrogen, suna kwance ƙasa a kusa dasu, datsa bushe, karye, rassan marasa lafiya.
- Ana shuka daskararru masu tsaurin ƙanjamau a cikin ƙasa, takin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin wardi, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai zuwa furebeds tare da albasa, har sai dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
- Perennials da suka girma a ƙarshen kaka suna yaduwa.
Bude lokacin bazara a bazara
Da farkon bazara, mazauna rani suna barin garuruwansu masu fashewa kuma suna zuwa ƙauyen.
Don haɗin kai mai gamsarwa tare da yanayi da wadataccen girbi, yakamata ku yi kyakkyawan aiki: tsaftace gidan, ƙasa da kuma shirya dasa shuki.
- Tsabtace ƙasa
Aiki na farko ga mai shi shine duba shafin yanar gizon da tsara tsarin aikin.
Wani kwararren mazaunin rani a farkon Maris ko bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ya ɗauki batun kuma ya kula da ƙasa, wanda ke buƙatar matakan masu zuwa:
- Tsaftacewa da sharar gida (ganye, rassan). Za a iya ƙona su ko a dasa su don samar da taki;
- Cire datti - fina-finai, tayoyin, takarda;
- Gyara aikin kore, tsaftace shi daga abubuwan da ba dole ba;
- Shiri kayan aikin lambu. Abubuwan kwadagon su kasance da tsabta, kaifi da sabis;
- Zane shinge (idan akwai buqata). Idan yana buƙatar gyara - lokaci ya yi da za a yi wannan hanyar;
- Ana cire murfin daga tsire-tsire na ornamental. Ya kamata a datashan bushes (gooseberries, raspberries, currants). Bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi suna buƙatar farawa. Wasu yan lambu suna fesa bishiyoyi tare da abubuwan ci gaba. Zai dace a yi wannan a lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi sama da digiri 14;
- Tsarin waƙoƙi. Dusar ƙanƙara, ruwan sama ta shafe sutturar hanyoyi, don haka da zuwan zafi suna zubo shi. Hanyoyin da aka sanya dutse-dutse shima yana da kyau. Ana sanya duwatsun da aka canza masu wuri kuma aka ƙarfafa su.
Baya ga shirya ƙasar, yana da mahimmanci daidai don tsabtace gidan.
- Mun sanya gidan cikin tsari
Daki mai tsabta tsabtace wuri ne wanda lambu yakan tara ƙarfi kafin yaƙi don amfanin gona. Tsarin mataki mataki mataki don tsabtace gidan ƙasa ya haɗa da waɗannan matakai:
- Jirgin sama a rana mai zafi, bushe. An kwashe katako, barguna, matasai da katifa a cikin yadi da bushe;
- Wanke windows, benaye, kabad. Za'a iya keɓantar da ɗakin don kauce wa bayyanar kwari da ƙwaƙwalwa. Ana aiwatar da tazara ta hanyan musamman tare da safofin hannu da bandeji. Sannan - suna goge ƙurar kuma cire cobwebs;
- Cutar danshi. Don yin wannan, ƙona murhu (murhu) ko kunna na'urar wuta;
- Duba yanayin matsayin kayan lantarki, bututu. Kada ku manta game da amincin igiyar - a lokacin hunturu, berayen suna iya shayar da shi.
- Preparationasa shiri a cikin bazara don shuka
Kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar bincika ƙasa don shiri don lokacin shuka.
Kar ku manta ku saurari hasashen yanayi, saboda yanayin ƙasa ya dogara dashi.
Gano idan za a sami daskarewa da daskarewa. Idan masu hasashen yanayi sun yi alkawarin yin zafi, lokaci yayi da za ku je gonar.
Yawancin tsaba suna shuka yayin da yawan zafin jiki ya riƙe a kusan digiri 15.
Duba ƙasa don shiri don dasa shuki: ɗauki furen shukar kuma tsaya shi cikin ƙasa. Kyakkyawan ƙasa za ta yi laushi da bushe, kuma filayen zai iya shiga ƙasa sauƙi.
Rashin daidaituwa tare da wannan tsari yana nuna yawan danshi, rashin shiri don dasa shuki.
Don samun kyakkyawan girbi, ƙasar tana buƙatar takin.
Ana yin wannan ta amfani da takin, ash na itace ko gauraya abubuwa na musamman na turf, sawdust da yashi.
- Siyan iri
Kyakkyawan tsaba sune mabuɗin don girbi mai albarka.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da zaɓin iri yayin bin waɗannan shawarwari:
- Yana da kyawawa don siyan kaya a cikin shaguna na musamman - suna da alhakin inganci. A cikin kasuwanni, akwai yuwuwar yiwuwar haɗuwa da nau'ikan karya;
- Kula da ranar karewa. Abun da ya daɗe yana tsaye ba zai ba da sakamakon da ake so ba. Ka tuna cewa a cikin takaddun takarda, rayuwar shiryayye shine shekara 1, kuma a cikin jaka na filastik da tsare fiye da shekaru 2;
- Kada ku sayi fakiti tare da kwanakin karewa;
- Dubi yanayin wurin adana tsaba, wurin samarwa. Abubuwan iri na cikin gida suna ba da ingantaccen amfanin gona fiye da shigo da shi;
- Tambayi ƙwararrun lambu don nau'ikan da suka dace don yankinku;
- Yanke shawara game da sayan: iri ko matasan? Na biyu an tsara shi F-1.
Learnara koyo game da girma kyawawan tsaba anan.
Muna fatan tukwicinmu zasu taimaka muku don aiwatar da aikin bazara a gonar daidai!
Ku sami lambu mai kyau !!!
