Wrinkled fure ne na ado sosai duk lokacin, saboda haka ana amfani dashi cikin shimfidar wurare da wuraren shakatawa da shirye-shiryen sirri.
Musamman jurewa yana ba ku damar haɓaka al'adu a wuraren da tsananin sanyi, inda sauran nau'ikan wardi ba su tsira ba.
Abubuwan halittu masu ban sha'awa da bayanin yadda aka lalata wardi
Wrinkled ya tashi - wani nau'in bishiyoyi daga dabi'ar Halittu. Gida na asali na tsirrai na daji shine Far East, Sakhalin, Japan da Koriya. Anan, za'a iya samun shuki a kasa mai cike da yashi, bakin dutse da ciyayin bakin teku.
A kewayon wrinkled wardi maida hankali ne akan subtropical da sanyi bangarori. Saboda haka, shuka mai irin nau'in halittar mutum a karkashin irin wannan yanayi matsanancin filastik ga kowane ƙasa da yanayin damina, wanda ya zama tushen rarraba ta a duniya.
Wrinkled ya zo Turai ne a cikin 1779 tare da tarin Botanical tarin ɗan Ingila masanin ilimin halitta Joseph Banks. Shuke-shuke da sauri acclimatized da kuma yada bayan gonar.
A yau, an gabatar da nau'in daji na fure mai lalacewa a cikin Turai, Arewacin Amurka da Australasia.
Dangane da bayanin wrinkled fure (rugosa fure) - ƙaƙƙarfan iko, madaidaiciya, mara wuya ya shimfiɗa daji tare da tsayin 1.5 zuwa 2.0 m. harbe suna lokacin farin ciki, launin kore-launin toka a launi, an rufe shi da haske da madaidaiciya spikes.
Ganyen yana kunshe da ganye 5-9, mai haske, launi mai haske mai haske tare da farfajiyar fata. A lokacin faduwar ganye, sukan samo launin lemo mai haske.
Furanni sune 6-10 cm a diamita, shirya guda ɗaya ko kuma guda 3-5 kowannensu. Babban tabarau na furanni sune launin ruwan hoda-violet, ruwan hoda, fari. Ana furta ƙanshin.
Wrinkled ya tashi - inji mai gyara. Yankin furanni na farko yana farawa a shekaru goma na uku na Mayu kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa 20 ga Yuni. Bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, ya ci gaba kuma ya ci gaba har sai sanyi na farko.
Game da Rugosa:
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin jinsin
Tabbatattun ab advantagesbuwan amfãni daga jinsunan - na yau da kullum da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa na bushes. Ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa yana farawa a ƙarshen watan Agusta kuma zai ɗauki makonni 2-3.
'Ya'yan itãcen tsire-tsire masu girma ne, kusan 3 cm a diamita kuma masu nauyin 8 g (matsakaicin 16 g), fleshy, oblong, orange-ja a launi. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona ɗaya shine 4 kilogiram.
Baza wardi babban sanyi juriya (-40 ° С ba tare da matsuguni ba) da taurin hunturu, juriya ga dukkan cututtuka da kwari.
Dankin da sauri ya murmure bayan yasha, yana da tsayayya da zafi kuma yana filastik zuwa ƙasa da yanayin damina.
Rashin dacewar nau'in sune rashin jure rashin farin fari da kuma wuce gona da iri.
Wrinkled fure kayan masarufi ne ga masu shayarwa, wanda akan kirkiro dayawa da nau'ikan halittu.
A yau, ana gabatar da lambu tare da tsari mai yawa, wanda ya kunshi samfurori da yawa tare da halayyar mutum. Amma fasalulluran nau'in jinsunan marasa galibi suna nan - wannan ganye mai kwalliya da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Abvantbuwan amfãni daga cikin jinsunan - yawan aiki, juriya sanyi, juriya ga zafi mai ƙarfiDasa Rugosa
Shuka dasa aka shirya domin bazara a cikin lokaci kafin budding, bayan dumama kasar gona zuwa + 7 ° kuma in babu barazanar dawo da frosts. Kuna iya dasa fure a cikin bazara a cikin lokaci daga Satumba 15 zuwa Oktoba 15.
Don tsire-tsire, an zaɓi yankin da ya fi haske tare da hanyar kudu ko kudu maso yamma.
Wrinkled daji fure sami damar ci gaba a kan kowane ƙasa, ciki har da tare da babban salinity. Wannan yana da kyau don dasa shuki tare da kewaye shafin, inda abun gishiri a koyaushe ya wuce.
A cikin yankuna masu gangara mai zurfi ko kwari, an dasa shuki da dama a gefen gabar teku. Tushen girma a hankali yana dakatar da rushewar ɓarna.
Andaya daga cikin biyu da biennial ana rarrabe su ta mafi kyawun rayuwa tare da tushen tushen karfi na aƙalla 20 cm a tsayi. Shuka abu kada ya nuna alamun lalacewa ko lalacewa.
Tun da fruiting na daji ya dogara da giciye-pollination, ana shuka bushes da yawa.
Saukowa daga wurin da aka shirya a gaba. An haƙa har zuwa 30 cm, an cire ragowar tushen ciyawar. Lokacin yin digging, an ƙara kwayoyin halitta: takin ko humus (10 kg / 1m2).
A lokaci guda, an kafa rami mai saukar ungulu (50X50) da wani abu don cikawa. Ana sanya ciyayi gwargwadon tsarin 3 X 1.5 m2.
Don cika rami, saman Layer na turf ƙasa an haɗe shi da:
- humus 20 kg;
- superphosphate 200 g;
- nitonium nitrate 70 g;
- potassium sulfate 50 g.
Zaku iya dasa ciyawar a bazara da kaka, zabar yankin da yafi yawan wutaA lokacin dasa shuki, an kafa tukunya a ƙasan ramin, wanda a saman sa aka rarraba tushen seedling kuma yayyafa shi da cakuda ƙasa.
Don haka tushen wuyansa bayan rushewa yana matakin matakin ƙasa, an sanya shi 4-5 cm mafi girma lokacin da aka cika shi. Bayan haka ana shayar da seedling 10-20 na ruwa na ruwa, da'irar akwati an mulched da peat ko humus.
Shuke harbe suna pruned, barin 1/3 na tsawon.
Wani fasalin wardi mai lalataccen iska ne da kuma m Tushen a kan ƙasa. Wannan yana haifar da ɓarnatar da tsire-tsire masu maƙwabta da kuma yaɗuwar dunƙule cikin ɗaukacin rukunin yanar gizon.
Kuna iya hana matsalar ta hanyar ƙirƙirar katanga ga tushen daga gundarin ɓarna ko baƙin ƙarfe.
Shrub kulawa
A cikin shekaru biyu na farko, kulawa na shuka ya ƙunshi shayarwa, weeding da kwance ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes. Ruwa da fure sau 3-4 a kakar, yanayin ruwa na daji shine lita 10-20. Idan an kafa yanayin bushe a lokacin fruiting, ana yin ruwa sau da yawa.
Fertilizing fure za a buƙaci kawai shekaru 3 bayan dasa. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawanci da akai-akai don shuka ba da shawarar ba.
Don cikakken fure na yau da kullun da fruiting, ya isa don ƙara urea kowace bazara (30 g / 1 m2).
Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3-4 bayan farkon fruiting da 1 m2:
- takin 10 kilogiram;
- superphosphate 60 g;
- potassium gishiri na 20 g.
Babban ƙoƙarin kula da shuki yana da alaƙa da shuki. Ana iya aiwatar da shi a cikin kaka 2-3 makonni kafin sanyi ko a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe furanni. Ana yin tuhuma ta farko don lokaci 3 bayan dasa.
Dole ne a yanke daji a cikin kaka ko kuma bazara: yawan adadin rassa masu daraja a kambi dole ne a zama bisa dokaA yayin aiwatar, cire rauni, harbe mai lalacewa, zuriyar tushe, nesa daga tushe na daji. Ragowar harbe an yanke shi a tsayin 15 cm, yana barin rassan shekara 5-6 masu lafiya.
A hankali, sababbin harbe zasu bayyana a kan kututture. Bayan sun kai 70 cm, suna buƙatar a taƙaita shi da 1/5. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, pruning shine cirewar rashin ingantacciya, lalacewa, marassa lafiya, da rashin rassa shekaru 5-6.
Baza wardi yawan m rassan a kambi dole ne a kullum bisa al'ada.
A cikin tsire-tsire na manya da suka fi shekaru 6 a cikin daji ya kamata ya zama 16-20 harbe shekara 1-4. Sabili da haka, a kowace shekara wajibi ne don canza rassan shekaru 5-6 don harbe biyu na canzawa.
Aikin rigakafi da shiri don hunturu
Wrinkled ya tashi sosai tsayayya wa kusan dukkan kwari da cututtuka. Lalacewa zuwa daji na iya faruwa ne kawai tare da keta babbar hanyar fasahar noma da dokokin juyar da amfanin gona.
Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da aikin hana kariya daga kwari da cututtuka kowace shekara.
Da farko dai, tsabtace tsabtacewa ne, zubar da shara, zubar da sharar shuka da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu mummunar faduwa. A lokaci guda, suna yin farfajiya na tono da'irar kusa-da-akwati, bincika fasa don kasancewar kwaro kwaro.
Jiyya tare da 1% Bordeaux ruwa da za'ayi a kaka da kuma bazara kafin bud'ewa. Idan an sami kwari, an wanke daji tare da maganin ash-sabulu (400 g / 50 g / 10 l).
Lokacin da daji ya lalace ta hanyar yawan adadin kwari, da wuri farkon saukakkun jiyya magunguna suna da za'ayi: "Actellik", "Karbofos", "Rogor" bisa ga umarnin shirye-shiryen.
A cikin yanayin yankin kudu da tsakiyar yankin noma, ba a buƙatar tsari don daji. A cikin yankuna da keɓaɓɓun kayan bazara, ya kamata a shirya ƙananan tsire-tsire don hunturu.
Don banzana ciyawa an katange gangar jikin akwati tare da firam na cm cm 5, an ɗaure harbe tare da igiya tare da nannade da rassan guga. A cikin hunturu, ana kawo dusar ƙanƙara zuwa shuka.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Kusan duk irin wrinkled wardi soma sanyi juriya da cutar juriya daga uwa shuka. Varietiesan varietiesan kawai a cikin masu tsananin sanyi na iya daskarar da ɓangaren m.
Koyaya, har ma a cikin waɗannan halayen, tsire-tsire da sauri suna yin saurin harbe harbe da wardi fure a cikin yanayin yanzu.
Kawaicin Kawa
Itatuwa na samar da karamin daji mai nauyin 1.5-1.8. Ya bambanta ta wani nau'in fure na musamman wanda ke kama da albasa. Furanni masu ruwan hoda, waɗanda aka tattara cikin rukuni na 7-15 guda, ba ƙanshin ƙanshi ba.
Kawaicin KawaAlba
Goge tare da kambi taso keya kafa harbe har zuwa 1.5 m ba ga tsawo. Furanni farar fata ne, ba sa ninki biyu tare da diamita na 5-8 cm, ƙanshi, tattara a cikin inflorescences.
Ana nuna godiya ga tsiran bishiyar Alba a cikin shimfidar wurare don saukin ta kamar bambanci ga tsirrai masu haske.
Bambancin AlbaSarauniyar Arewa
Tsawon daji shine 1.2-1.5 m, furanni suna da ruwan hoda mai duhu tare da lilac hue da diamita na 6 cm.
Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan Hardy waɗanda zasu iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi ƙasa zuwa -42 ° C ba tare da tsari da filastik zuwa yanayin mafi girman yanayin girma ba.
Sarauniyar ArewaAgness
Tall shrub har zuwa 2.5 m ba ga tsawo. Furen furanni, launin rawaya pastel tare da inuwa amber, diamita na 7.5 cm, suna da ƙanshi mai ɗanɗano.
Wannan launi mai saukin gaske ga wardi yana da ban sha'awa don ƙira maƙarƙashiya da shingen shakatawa.
Bambancin CikiA cikin Rasha, duk hybrids da irin wrinkled wardi da ake magana a kai a matsayin rukuni na wuraren shakatawa na wardi. Tsire-tsire suna iya tsayayya da gurɓataccen iskar gas, kusan ba sa rasa karɓar su bayan bala'o'i, kula da adon ado duk lokacin.
Saboda haka sun shahara tare da masu zanen fili kuma an haɗa su a kusan dukkanin aikin shimfidar wuri.
Wrinkled ya tashi kuma ya shahara tsakanin yan lambu. Haƙurin musamman na shuka ya ba da damar yin noma shi a cikin yankuna masu nisa tare da rashi mai yawan lambu ba.
Ana amfani da kayan warkarwa da kayan abinci na 'ya'yan itatuwa don dafa abinci da shirya magunguna na ganye.
