Snapdragon (Antirrhinum), wanda kuma ana kiranta antirrinum, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ga asalin tsirran tsire-tsire na dangin plantain. Wannan dabi'ar ta danganta kusan nau'ikan tsirrai 50 na zamani, gami da ƙari iri ɗaya. A cikin daji, ana iya samun waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin belts tare da yanayin dumin yanayi, kuma ana samun yawancin nau'ikan a Arewacin Amurka. A Rasha, ana kiran waɗannan furanni “karnuka”, a Ingila “snapdragon” (cizon maciji), a Faransa “cleft palate”, da kuma cikin Ukraine, “bakuna”. "Antirrinum" a cikin Hellenanci yana nufin "hanci-kamar", "mai kama da hanci." A tsohuwar tatsuniyar Girkanci, ba da labarin Hercules, ko kuma akasin haka, game da farawarsa ta farko, ana faɗi game da yadda ya ci zaki Nemean, zalunci wanda kowa ya sani. A cikin girmamawa ga nasarar, an gabatar da allahn Flora tare da kyauta ga Hercules - ya kasance fure mai ban sha'awa da ake kira "snapdragon". Tun daga wannan lokacin, Helenawa suna da al'ada don ba da jigon jaruntaka. An shuka wannan tsiron ne kusan shekara ɗari biyar, kuma kwararrun Jamusawa sun ɗauki zaɓin nasa kawai a ƙarni na 19. A wannan lokacin, sun sami damar ƙirƙirar nau'ikan snapdragons kusan dubu 1, yayin da gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan 1 ne kawai aka yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan iri, wato, babban antirrinum (Antirrhinum majus).
Siffar snapdragons
Wannan fure ana wakilta ta rabin-shrubs, har ma da tsire-tsire na herbaceous, waɗanda ke da harbe-harbe na bakin ciki kai tsaye, ana saka su da zane a cikin kore. Tsayin su na iya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 100 santimita. Bushes suna da siffar dala. A saman, faranti ganye kusa da juna, kuma a ƙasa, gaban. Siffar su na iya zama mai lanceolate ko ta-elongated, launinta kuma ya bambanta daga duhu zuwa launin shuɗi, yayin da jijiyoyin ke ja ja. Furannin furanni masu kamshi suna da girman gaske a girman su, sun fi biyu-biyu kuma suna da tsari mara kan gado. Akwai furanni biyu da furanni masu sauƙi (dangane da iri-iri), sun kasance ɓangare na inflorescences suna da siffar kunne. Launinsu na iya zama launin rawaya, rawaya mai launin shuɗi, fari, ruwan hoda, jan (dukkan tabarau), akwai kuma nau'ikan furanni masu launi biyu da uku. 'Ya'yan itacen akwati ne mai mabambantan siffa iri-iri biyu. 1 g ya ƙunshi 5-8 dubu tsaba. Wannan shuka ta fara yin fure a watan Yuli, kuma ta ƙare bayan lokacin sanyi na farko da kaka.
Sau da yawa snapdragons, wanda a cikin daji ke tsiro kamar perennials, lambu lambu girma kamar shekara. Koyaya, idan an kula da shuka sosai, kuma idan akwai yanayi mai kyau, to, snapdragon mai sanyi yakan iya jure hunturu a buɗe. Haka kuma, shekara mai zuwa da fure zai zama mafi ban mamaki. A cikin zane na lambu, irin wannan fure yana girma kamar iyaka, amma yana iya yin ado da furen fure da koren ciyayi (idan an dasa snapdragons cikin rukuni). Hakanan ana yin kwalliyar filaye da baranda tare da irin wannan shuka. Zuwa yau, nau'ikan fure mai irin wannan fure suna samun karbuwa sosai a tsakanin mazauna lambu, don narkar da abin da zaku iya amfani da ƙirar dakatarwa, kuma za su zama kyakkyawan kayan ado na wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa.
Girma snapdragons daga tsaba
Shuka
Sake bugun wannan shuka ana iya shuka ta, haka kuma ta hanyar ciyawar. Tsaba suna da kyawawan germination na shekaru. A cikin taron cewa kuna zaune a cikin yankin tare da yanayin yanayi mai laushi, zaku iya shuka iri irin wannan fure kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Za'a iya ganin 'ya'yan seedlings na farko bayan makonni 2.5-3, yayin da' yan seedlings ba su jin tsoron sanyi da ke faruwa da dare. A wa annan wuraren da damuna take da sanyi, ana bada shawarar shuka wannan tsiro ta hanyar shuka. Girma snapdragons daga tsaba mai sauqi ne.
Shuka da tsaba ne da za'ayi a farkon zamanin Maris. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kwano wanda girmansa zai zama aƙalla santimita 10, kuma a ƙasa ya kamata yana da ramuka don magudanar ruwa. Ya kamata a zuba yashi mai laushi zuwa ƙasan, kuma a saman takin ƙasa ya haɗu da yashi. Damƙa da santsi tabbata a ƙasa, to, kumatashi shi dan kadan tare da bindiga SPRAY da kuma rarraba snapdragon tsaba gauraye da yashi, zuba a bakin ciki Layer na daya substrate a saman. Ruwa da albarkatu tare da bindiga da aka raba har da bindiga, sannan kuma a rufe akwati da gilashin fili. Kowace rana, dole ne a cire iska daga farfajiyar gilashi, yayin da ake fitar da iska kuma, idan ya cancanta, za a jika matattarar kwatankwacin abin da ke cikin fulawa. Idan a wurin da kwandon yake, za a sami matsakaici matsakaici da zafi (digiri 23), to ana iya ganin 'ya'yan farko na bayan rabin wata. Bayan tsire-tsire na farko sun bayyana, dole ne a canja akwati zuwa rijiya, amma a lokaci guda ana kiyaye shi daga haskoki na rana (domin kada tsire-tsire su shimfiɗa). Bayan da snapdragon fara bayyana en masse (bayan kwanaki 3-4), dole ne a cire tsari don kyau.
'Yayan itace
Da farko, tsirrai zasu girma sosai, kuma a wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci musamman don sanya ƙasa yadda yakamata. Ya kamata a yi ruwa da safe domin tsirrai su sami isasshen danshi, amma ba zai yi yawa ba. Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa shigar da ruwa ruwa na iya haifar da haɓakar "ƙafafun baƙar fata". Idan seedling ya faɗi, to ya kamata a cire shi a hankali ta amfani da hancin, yayin da wannan wurin da ya girma ya kamata a yayyafa shi da yankakken gawayi ko amfani da yashi ruwan sanyi na ruwan sanyi don wannan. Bayan an kirkiro ƙananan ganye 2 na gaskiya, yana da buƙatar ɗaukar seedlings a cikin akwati ko akwati, yayin da dole ne a sanya su don kada a matse su da juna. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da tukwane na mutum don ɗaukar tsirrai, ko kuma ana iya shuka shuka 3 a lokaci daya a cikin tukunya mafi girma. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a sanya tsire-tsire a cikin rijiya mai haske, amma a lokaci guda ana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Bayan wannan, zaku iya fara taurara seedlings. Don yin wannan, a cikin rana kana buƙatar buɗe taga na ɗan lokaci, amma ya kamata ka guji tsarawa. Lokacin da tsire-tsire ke da ganye na gaskiya 4-5, ana buƙatar pinched don haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar asali, amma idan tsinken gefen ya girma da sauri, yakamata a haɗa su.
Saukowa daga waje
Wani lokaci ya kamata in dasa snapdragon
Ya kamata a yi dasa shuki na snapdragons a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu da farkon - a watan Yuni. A lokaci guda, bai kamata ku ji tsoron yanayin sanyi da daddare ba, tunda waɗannan tsire-tsire suna sauƙin canja su. Kuna iya dasa waɗannan furanni duka a cikin yankin rana da inuwa, duk da haka, ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa lallai ne a kiyaye ta daga iska mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda ake zana ruwa sosai. Asa mai dacewa ya kamata ya zama haske da wadataccen mai gina jiki. Mafi kyau don girma irin wannan fure shine cakuda takin, yashi, da peat, waɗanda ake ɗauka daidai gwargwado. Acidasafin acidity yakamata ya zama pH 6-8.
Yadda ake shuka
Nisa tsakanin bushes a lokacin dasa ya dogara da nau'in snapdragons. Don haka, tsakanin nau'ikan dwarf ya kamata ya zama nisa na santimita 15, tsakanin nau'ikan ƙananan girma - kusan 20 santimita, tsakanin nau'ikan matsakaici - 30 santimita, da kuma tsakanin tsayi - daga 40 zuwa 50 santimita. Bayan dasawa da daji zuwa cikin bude ƙasa ya ɗauki tushe, zai girma sosai da sauri kuma ya zama ɗan fure shuka. Dole ne a tuna cewa wajibi ne a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai ruwa sosai.
Siffofin Kulawa
Girma
Irin wannan fure ba a kulawa dashi kuma yana buƙatar kawai lokacin shayarwa, weeding, kayan miya, kuma lallai ne don kwance ƙasa ƙasa. Ya kamata a yi ruwa a lokacin fari kawai, amma dole ne mu tuna cewa da yamma wannan hanya ba za a iya aiwatar da ita ba. Bayan ruwa, zai zama dole don sassauta farfajiya na gona da sako, ana iya yi a ranar ko kowace rana. Masana sun ba da shawara ga nau'ikan madaidaitan garter zuwa tallafi. Bayan fure ta fara bushewa, dole ne a cire ta daga daji, saboda tana dauke karfin shuka. Don furanni na irin wannan shuka ya ci gaba, bai kamata a bar shi ya sanya tsaba ba, kuma bayan furanni na ƙarshe sun bushe, kuna buƙatar yanke kibiya furen. Yanke farfajiyar a ƙarƙashin furannin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kawai a wannan yanayin za su yi girma sabon kibiyoyi da furanni. Wajibi ne don ciyar da snapdragons a karo na farko bayan ya samo asali bayan dasawa cikin ƙasa bude, kuma saboda wannan, ana amfani da nitrophos da takin gargajiya. Dole ne a ciyar da shuka a karo na biyu yayin buduwa, a wannan yanayin ana amfani da sinadarin gina jiki wanda ya kunshi potassium sulfate, urea da superphosphate, yayin da babban cokali 1 na kowane abu yakamata a saka shi cikin guga na ruwa.
Cutar da kwari
Yana faruwa cewa tsutsa ta shafi tsutsa, yayin da aibobi masu launin ja suka bayyana a farfajiya. Hakanan, wannan tsiro yana iya kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙafa na baki, tushe da launin toka, da kuma septoria. Ya kamata a lalata tsire-tsire masu cututtukan da wuri-wuri, to ya zama dole don kula da ƙasa inda suka girma tare da wakilin fungicidal (antifungal). Karin kwari suna da haɗari ga snapdragon, irin su: tashi larvae, sikelin kwari, kuli-kuli, da kuma kuli-kuli waɗanda zasu iya sa ƙwai. Ya kamata a tuna cewa kawar da cututtuka ko kwari masu cutarwa sun fi wahalar hana garkuwa da ƙwayar shuka illa. Don hanawa, ya zama dole a bi duk shawarwari don kulawa da snapdragons, don haka, ya zama dole a lalata samfurori masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cutarwa a cikin lokaci mai dacewa; kada ku dasa furanni kusa da juna; ya zama dole ruwa yayi dai dai, da nisantar shakar kasa; ya kamata a yi ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, yayin tabbatar da cewa ruwa bai faɗi a saman farantiyen ganye ba.
Bayan fure
Fitar da irin wannan shuka zai iya ci gaba har zuwa farkon fari na sanyi a cikin bazara. Bayan an fara yin kaka, a cikin waɗancan ƙananan shinge na snapdragon waɗanda aka horar kamar tsirrai masu tsinkaye dole ne a yanke su da gajeru, har tsayin harbesa yakai 5-8 santimita. Sannan ya wajaba a mulmula maƙarƙashiyar, yayyafa shi tare da busasshen ganye ko ganyayen gauraye da peat. A yayin da kuka girma snapdragon shekara-shekara, to, bayan furanni sun fara bushewa, ya kamata ku cire su, ta haka zaku guji son shuka. Bayan duk furanni a kan kibiya sun lalace, yakamata a yanke shi da wuri. Saboda haka, ba za ku ƙyale tsaba ya yi yaushi ba kuma ya crumble bisa saman ƙasa. Bayan farko na kaka mai zurfi, ya zama dole ne a tono kasar da furanni suka girma, sannan a ƙone ragowar snapdragons, kamar yadda kwari masu cutarwa zasu iya warware su.
Ta yaya kuma yaushe za'a tattara ƙwayoyin snapdragon
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a yawancin tsire-tsire, ana girbe tsaba ne kawai bayan sun girma sosai. Koyaya, tarin ƙwayoyin snapdragon dole ne a yi shi a cikin lokacin balaga cikakke. Ana sanya su a cikin busassun, mai-iska mai kyau don ripening. Kuna buƙatar tattara tsaba a cikin jakar takarda mai tsawo (amma don baguette). Fara tattara tsaba kawai bayan 'ya'yan itaciyar da ke ƙasa a ƙarshen peduncle cikakke. Don yin wannan, saman farfajiyar, wanda har yanzu akwai wasu 'ya'yan itace kore, dole ne a yanke kuma a watsar da shi. A wani ɓangaren kibiya na fure wanda ya rage, kuna buƙatar saka jakar takarda, ɗaure shi tare da igiya a ƙasa fruitan itacen. Sannan ya rage kawai don yanke sutturar da ke ƙasa zuwa shafin cirewa. Sannan jakar da ke jujjuyawa yakamata a rataye shi a cikin busasshen wuri mai dumin zafi kuma kawai za ku jira sai 'yan ƙwayayen sun zube cikin jakar da kansu. Yakamata a zube tsaba a cikin ƙaramin akwatin kwali kuma a adana shi a cikin bushe inda zafin iska zai kasance daga digiri 3 zuwa 5. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a kiyaye kwalaye daga ruwa.
Babban nau'ikan da iri
A yau, masana suna da rarrabuwa daban-daban na wannan shuka bisa ga halaye daban-daban. Mafi mashahuri rarrabuwa shine tsawo na daji. Yawancin nau'in daji na snapdragon sun kasu kashi 5:
- Gigantic - tsayin daji 90-130 santimita. A cikin wannan shuka, tushe, wanda yake a tsakiyar, ya fi tsayi mai tushe na biyu ƙarfi, alhali babu mai tushe na uku. Shahararrun nau'ikan: "Arthur" - tsayin daji daga 90 zuwa 95 santimita, fure mai launi; "F1 ja XL" da "F1 ruwan hoda XL" - daji ya kai mita 1.1, furanni masu launin ja da ruwan hoda (bi da bi).
- Babban - tsayin daji na 60-90 santimita. An horar dasu don yankan, kuma azaman lafazin tsaye a cikin ƙungiyoyi ko a cikin masu haɗawa. Tsarin tsakiya ya fi na ƙarshe. A yanke, furanni na wannan shuka na iya tsayawa na kimanin kwanaki 7 ko ma ya fi tsayi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan m sune waɗanda furanni suke fentin su a cikin tabarau daban-daban na rawaya. Shahararrun nau'ikan: "Anna Jamusanci" - furanni ana fentin su a cikin ruwan hoda mai haske; "Canary" - furanni masu launi mai launin rawaya; cakuda nau'ikan "Mahalli Madame" - ana iya fentin furanni masu launuka iri-iri.
- Tsakiyar tsayi (rabin-high) - tsayin daji daga 40 zuwa 60 santimita. Iri iri daban-daban ne na duniya, an horar dasu duka don yankan kuma azaman ado don gadajen fure. An rarrabe su ta hanyar sanya shinge mai ƙarfi. Tsarin tsakiya yana da fifiko sama da na ƙarshe a tsayi. Shahararrun nau'ikan: "Golden Monarch" - yana da launin rawaya; "Ruby" - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai zurfi; Lipstick Azurfa - fentin a cikin ruwan hoda mai laushi mai haske.
- Kadan - tsayin daji shine santimita 25-40. An horar dasu azaman kan iyaka ko tsire-tsire na gadaje fure. Wadannan nau'ikan suna da babban adadin fure mai tushe na tsari na biyu da na uku, yayin da karar tsakiya ke da tsayi ɗaya tare da mai tushe na farkon umarni ko ƙaramin ƙananan. Sanannun nau'ikan: parin haske-,a, Hobbit, tsire-tsire mai kyau ampel matasan Lampion.
- Dwarf - tsayin daji ya bambanta daga santimita 15 zuwa 20. An shirya ire-iren ire-ire ne akan gadajen furen fure, rabatok, kan iyakoki, gidajen lambun. Suna kuma girma kamar fure mai gurnani. Akwai ƙaƙƙarfan Branch zuwa mai tushe na tsari na uku da na huɗu, yayin da tushe na tsakiya yake ƙasa ko yana da tsayi ɗaya tare da mai tushe na tsari na biyu. Shahararrun nau'ikan: "Launin Sakura" - akwai takaddun fure a kan furanni masu launin shuɗi-m; Alewa masu ruwa
Akwai kuma sanannen sanannen Sanderson da Martin snapdragons don yanke nau'ikan sake zagayowar shekara. Koyaya, wannan rarrabuwa tana da ban sha'awa kawai ga waɗancan yan lambu waɗanda suka girma dabinon sayarwa don siyarwa.
