Mutane yawanci suna cewa kowane kyakkyawan lambu yakamata ya sami tarin takin. Ctionirƙirar takinku na kashin baya buƙatar ƙwarewa ko ƙoƙari na musamman daga lambu kuma farashin kusan kyauta. Haka kuma, ko shakka babu yana adana kuzari, kudi da lokaci don siyan wasu takin zamani, don ban ruwa da weeding, da kuma cire datti, tunda sharar gida da kayan dafa abinci zasu tafi kai tsaye zuwa tarin takin. Bari mu gano inda zan fara.
© Musapors
Tashin hankali (daga lat. Compositus - fili) - takin gargajiya wanda yakasance sakamakon lalacewar wasu abubuwa na kwayoyin halitta a karkashin tasirin ayyukan microorganisms.
Lokacin da aka haɗu a cikin kwayoyin halitta, abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda suke samuwa ga tsirrai suna ƙaruwa (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium da sauransu), pathogenic microflora da qwai helminth suna neutralized, adadin cellulose, hemicellulose da abubuwa na pectin yana raguwa (suna haifar da canji na narkewa siffofin ƙasa da sinadarin phosphorus zuwa nau'ikan kwayoyin ƙasa da tsire-tsire ke ƙasa), takin ya zama sako-sako, wanda ke sauƙaƙe aikace-aikacensa a cikin ƙasa.
Ana amfani da tasoshin don duk amfanin gona, a cikin kusan allurai iri ɗaya kamar ciyawa (1.5-4 kg / sq.m). An kawo su cikin ma'aurata (wanda ke nufin watsa su a filin da ke cike da dabino, alal misali, kafin dasa shuki dankali), a ƙarƙashin ɓarkewar hunturu da huɗa, a cikin ramuka lokacin dasa shuki. Haɗuwa da cuta ba ta ƙasa da taki a lokacin samar da kayyayakin, kuma wasu daga cikinsu (alal misali peat gansakuka tare da garin phosphorite) sun fi ta.
Malene
Amfana
Takin lambu yana da kyau kuma yana da fa'ida a kowane fanni. Don tsire-tsire, takin da aka gabatar a cikin ƙasa shine takin gargajiya mai kyau, cike da abubuwa masu mahimmanci da humus. Don kasar gona - kwandishan na halitta, hanyar inganta tsarin ƙasa, wanda yake da lasening da danshi-yake adana sakamako. Yada kan kasa, takin gargajiya ne mai kyawon ciyawa wanda ke hana ciyawa girma kuma yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye danshi a tushen tsirrai. Rayuwa mazaunan gonar suna godiya da tarin takin. Wannan kyakkyawan “dakin cin abinci” ne ga tsuntsayen da kananan dabbobi, da kuma wurin zama da kuma kiwo na ciyawar, wanda (tare da kwayoyin cuta da fungi) a zahiri sun lalata kwayoyin halitta, suna samar da takin.
Lokacin samar da takin ka na lambun, babu buƙatar ƙona sharar gida, tsoffin ganye, takarda, marufi da kwali, da guba yanayin da ke kewaye da maƙwabta tare da hayaki. Babu buƙatar siyan takaddun roba da ƙasa mai inganci. Ba zai zama mai wuce gona da iri ba idan a ce samarwa da amfanin takinmu yana sauƙaƙa rayuwar mai lambu kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye yanayin. Harajin ba da 'yanci da kuma amfani da takin lambu maimakon takin mai magani mai haɗari masu tsada da tsada sune abubuwan mahimmanci na manufar aikin lambu.
Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli suna tasiri lalacewar kwayoyin
Abubuwan da ke lalata kwayoyin halitta suna shafar abubuwa da yawa, wanda ya kamata a bambanta manyan abubuwa guda uku:
1. Oxygen
Haɓakar Compost ya dogara da isowar oxygen. Erowayoyin halittar baƙar fata na nufin cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyi masu aiki a cikin tarin suna buƙatar isashshen oxygen, yayin da gushewar anaerobic yana nufin cewa microbes masu aiki basa buƙatar oxygen don rayuwa da haɓaka. Zazzabi, gumi, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, da wadatar abinci don ƙayyade adadin oxygen da ake buƙata don haɓakawa.
2. Tsiraici
Wajibi ne a kula da tsananin zafi a cikin tsiron takin (fili), amma ya wajaba a samar da iskar iska ga kwayoyin cutar aerobic. Abubuwa daban-daban suna da ƙarfin jan ruwa daban, kuma don haka ƙayyade adadin ruwan da ake buƙata don aikin. Misali, itace da kayan fiber kamar haushi, sawdust, shavings, hay ko bambaro suna riƙe danshi kashi 75-85. Takin gargajiya, kamar ciyawar ciyawa da tsirrai, na iya riƙe danshi 50-60 bisa dari.
Minimumaramar abun shigar danshi wanda aikin microorganisms yake bayyana shine kashi 12-15, mafi kyawun kashi 60-70%. Babu shakka, da ƙananan zafi na takin taro a cikin composter, da hankali kan aiwatar da takin samuwar. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa gumi na iya zama dalilin iyakance idan ya faɗi ƙasa da ƙasa 45-50%.
3. Zazzabi
Zazzabi muhimmin abu ne wajen hakowa. Temperaturesarancin yanayin zafi na waje a cikin hunturu ya rage saurin lalacewa, yayin da yanayin zafi mai zafi ke hanzarta aiwatar da aiki. A cikin watannin na shekara mai zafi, yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa mai zurfi a cikin tarin takin yana haifar da samun takin a lokacin zafi sosai. Microbes wanda ke lalata kwayoyin halitta ya kasu kashi biyu: mesospheric, wadanda suke rayuwa da girma a zazzabi na 10 ° C - 45 ° C, da kuma thermophilic, wadanda suke yin nasara cikin nasara a yanayin zafi sama da 45 ° C. Yawancin takin takin a farkon farawa yana wucewa ta matakan thermophilic. A wannan matakin, kwayoyin halitta suna bushewa da sauri, kuma suna buƙatar a kiyaye su da kullun su kasance a cikin iska. Zazzabi da ke cikin takin ya hau zuwa 60-70 ° C, wanda ke ba da gudummawar zafin jiki na kayan halitta. A wannan yanayin zafin jiki, ciyawar ciyawar da yawancin kwayoyin cuta (phytopathogenic) microorganisms suna lalacewa. Amma kar a manta cewa idan an sami wannan tasiri, isasshen adadin kwayoyin halitta wajibi ne.
Mataki na gaba yana faruwa a zazzabi kusan 40 ° C, yayin da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin halittu suke mamaye kuma mafi cikakkiyar lalata kayan kayan halitta suke faruwa.
A matakin karshe na samuwar takin, yawan zafin jikinta daidai yake da yanayin zazzabi, kamshin duniya ya fito daga tsiron. Ana sarrafa kayan cikin humus.
Hanya mafi sauki kuma a lokaci guda ingantacciyar hanya don hanzarta aiwatar da fitar da takin shine a kara hada kwayoyin cuta ta musamman ga halittun a matakin farko na shiri.
A wannan yanayin, da farko, abubuwanda aka zaba musamman microorganism suna fara aiwatar da biomass kai tsaye kuma tare da babban sauri, kuma abu na biyu, ƙanshin ciyawa da wasu ƙanshin da ba su da daɗi suna kusan ɓacewa.
I Solipsist
Hanyar sauri zuwa takin
Idan kun tattara haushi, rassan itace, ciyawar mowed, ganye ... kuma menene ya zo da hannu a cikin gonar, ku bar shi duka na ɗan lokaci a cikin wani ɓoyayyen kusurwa (don kar a lalata ganimar), to a ƙarshe duk wannan wata rana decays kuma ya juya ya zama takin mai inganci. Zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa kawai don wannan aikin. Wannan shine ake kira jinkirin (sanyi) hanyar samar da takin.
Sabanin haka, hanya mai sauri (mai zafi) yana ɗaukar watanni 3-6 kuma ana ba shi ta hanyar yanayi mai mahimmanci: damar iska, nitrogen, zafi da zafi (zazzabi a cikin tarin tsirar masana'antu na iya isa +85 C!).
1. Kuna buƙatar shirin jirgin ruwa ko aikin filastik don samar da takin, wanda aka sanya a inda aka tsara. Fa'idodin tsarin katako don samar da takin shine yana bawa iska izinin wucewa kuma yana kula da samun iska mai kyau. Ana iya siyan irin wannan zane a cibiyar lambun ko kuma sanya kanku. Don aiwatar da nasara, ƙarar girman katako dole ne ya zama aƙalla 1 m3 (1x1x1). Akwatin filastik, bi da bi, yana riƙe da zafi sosai kuma yana da ƙari, ana iya amfani dashi a wurare da yawa a cikin lambun. Duk wani tsarin takin ya kamata ya kasance yana buɗe saman ko gefensa (wasu kwandunan filastik ba su da tushe ko wannan ƙasa mai cirewa) don sauƙin shiga takin da aka yi.
2. Sa a ƙasa sosai game da 10 cm na m abu - bambaro, hay, twigs ko spruce rassan. Wannan ya zama dole don tabbatar da magudanar ruwa da iskar gas.
3. Sanya takin zamani a cikin wasu yadudduka. Misali, a kan kayan lambu ko kayan sharar 'ya'yan itace, sai a sanya wani takarda na takaddar takarda, sai karamin dan karamin ciyawa, sannan sai a yanke duk shekara, sannan wani lokacin ganyen bara da sauransu. Yana da mahimmanci cewa kore (“rigar da taushi”) yadudduka madadin tare da launin ruwan kasa (“bushe da wuya”) yadudduka - wannan zai samar da iska, hanzarta aiwatarwa, kuma a nan gaba - kyakkyawan zane na takin da aka gama. Karka tura ko tursasa abin da ke ciki; wannan zai rushe hadin.
4. A saman kowane zaren, zaku iya ƙara ɗan ƙasa ko taki mai jujjuya kayan kiwo don hanzarta inganta tsarin aikin.. A cikin cibiyoyin lambun, ana siyar da “asassu” na musamman na haɓaka, zaka iya amfani dasu. Hakanan masu kara kuzari don lalacewa suma ciyawa ne da yankan ciyawa da kayan kwalliyar da suke tara sinadarin a cikin tushen su. Muhimmi inganta ingancin tsire-tsire da aka gama gamawa mai cike da abubuwa masu amfani: nettle, comfrey, yarrow, dandelion da sauransu.
5. Kiyaye tsarin samar da takinku a saman don kula da matakin danshi na daidai kuma kula da zafi. Kwandunan filastik yawanci suna da saman, kuma don katako wanda aka yi da gida za ku iya amfani da kunshin lambun, wani tsohon gidan sarauta ko wani abu. Babban yanayin zazzage don samar da takin shine +55 C.
6. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, yakamata a juya abubuwan da ke ciki don ba da damar iska ta shiga cikin takin da ya haifar.
'Ya'yan juyawa na Rotary na zamani wasu abubuwa ne na kwanannan.. Irin waɗannan tsaran suna ba da izinin samar da takin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (a cewar masu masana'anta a cikin makonni 2-4) saboda rarraba kayan abu da zafi a cikin akwati. Ana buƙatar mai lambu kawai don jujjuya tsarin sau biyu a rana, wanda ba shi da wahala a yi tare da taimakon takamaiman riƙewa. Thearar wannan samfurin shine lita 340.
7. A cikin yanayin bushe (a cikin tsarin budewa) ko kuma lokacin da kayan launin ruwan kasa suka mamaye abinda ke ciki na takin tsiro, ya kamata a kiyaye danshi takin ta hanyar ban ruwa. Guji yin tururi na ruwa a cikin takin, wannan zai rushe tsarin lalata.
8. Wari mara dadi daga abinda ke cikin kwandon takin yana nuna cewa wani abu ya karye kuma tsari yana tafiya ba daidai ba. Kamshin ammoniya (ammonia) ko qwai na lalacewa yana nuna adadin abubuwa masu guba da ke ɗauke da sinadarin (kore) a cikin tarin takin da kuma rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen. A wannan halin, dole ne a ƙara kayan da ke ɗauke da carbon (launin ruwan kasa).
Idan kun yi komai daidai, to bayan fewan watanni abinda ke ciki na takin ya kamata ya sami launin ruwan kasa da sabon ƙanshi mai daɗin duniya - alamomi cewa takinku yana shirye don amfani a gonar. Idan kun cika tsarin a hankali (wanda shine mafi yawanci tare da ci gaba da samarwa), to ya kamata ku fara zaɓin takin da aka gama daga ƙasa. Mafi girma yadudduka zai iya motsa ƙasa, yantar da sarari don sabon abu.
© Panfa
Ganyen humus
Fushin da aka watsar da bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi, bazuwar, yana wadatar da ƙasa da humus. Don shirya humus na ganye, yana da dacewa don amfani da akwatin raga (iri ɗaya ne na takin), kowane yanki na ganye daga 13-20 cm lokacin farin ciki yana daɗaɗɗa tare da maganin maganin ammonium sulfate. A cikin kaka, ana kuma sanya yadudduka da yadudduka a cikin baƙi, baƙaƙe (don samun damar iska) jaka, waɗanda ba sa ɗaukar sarari da yawa. Ana barin jakunkuna masu ƙyalli a cikin wani kusurwar nesa na lambun, kuma ta bazara siffofin humus a cikinsu. Ganyen da aka bari a cikin akwatin murfin a cikin iska suna ɗaukar tsawon lokaci kafin su yanke. Don dasawa, ana amfani da ciyawar kowane itace da bishiyoyi masu lalacewa. Ganyen bishiyar jirgin sama, poplar da maple suna bazu fiye da ganyen itacen oak da kudan zuma. Ganyen ganye na fure ba su dacewa da yin humus ba. Leaf humus an saka shi cikin ƙasa ko amfani dashi kamar ciyawa.
Ta amfani da Turanci
A cikin akwati madaidaiciya da cika akwatin, takin baya buƙatar shimfidar ciki, tunda kayan sun riga sun bazu sosai.. A cikin bazara da bazara, ripening yana da sauri fiye da kaka da damuna. Lokacin kwanciya a cikin yanayin dumi, takin yana shirye don amfani a cikin watanni shida. Ana bincika yanayin tsiran lokaci-lokaci kuma, in ya yiwu, ana cire takin da aka girka daga gindi. Takin da aka gama yana da launin ruwan kasa da tsarin friable finely crumbly. Abubuwan da ba a gama dasu ba shine tushen yin layin gaba. Mulching ne da za'ayi kawai tare da takin da-ripened, tunda a partially bazu sako sako tsaba iya germination za a iya kiyaye. Takawa Compost yana cikin ƙasa ne yayin narkar da kaka da damina a ƙarshen 5.5 kg / m2.
Abin da ke shiga takin:
Sharar gida:
- Kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi, shayi kofi
- Leftover dafa abinci (a cikin rufaffiyar tsarin)
- Sharar nama (a cikin rufaffiyar tsarin)
- Itace kasa mara miski
- Hay, bambaro
- Itace ash
- Overripe taki na herbivores
- Fresh taki na herbivores (a cikin jinkirin tsirar)
- Takaddun takaddun halitta (adiko na ruwa, jakunkuna, marufi, kwali)
- Redirƙiraran ƙurar halitta
Sharar gida:
- Manyan rassan bayan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi
- M rassan shredded a cikin wani lambu shredder, itace, haushi da asalinsu
- Shekaran bara (rabin-cikakke) ya fita
- Ciyawa daga ciyawa
- Matasa ciyawa
- Teku ko ruwa mai tsafta
- Sauran sharar gida ta gona
Abin da BA shiga takin:
Sharar gida:
- Manyan ƙasusuwa da ƙashi na nama
- Wurin bayan gida
- Kaya
Sharar gida:
- Ganyen bushewa na kakar da akeyi
- Yankin pruning
- Yawo da ciyawa a cikin ciyawar ciyawa
- Cututtukan da suka shafi cututtuka da kwari
- Karin kwari, qwai da larvae
- Sharar gida bayan an yi amfani da tsire-tsire (sai dai in mazan sun nuna shi ne)
Jiran shawararku!
